Сочинение на английском языке на тему олимпийские игры
13 вариантов
The Olympic Games is a worldwide famous sport event. Every four years the best sportsmen of every country united in national teams meet each other in one selected city to find out who is the strongest, fastest and the sturdiest person in the world. There are two types of these games: summer and winter ones, because all sports are conditionally divided according to seasons.
The event was first organized by the ancient Greeks at the Olympus (a residence of Greek gods) more than 2,700 years ago. Modern games are very different from the first ones and quantity of played sports changes every time depending on their popularity. Summer sports usually include synchronized swimming, volleyball, rhythmic-sportive gymnastics, pole vaulting, athletics, etc. The most popular winter sports are hockey, bobsledding, figure skating, biathlon and skiing. As it was noted before, the programme is changeable: the most popular sport stays, the less popular one disappears for some time (rugby, motor sports and golf).
The winners in every competition get gold, silver and bronze medals and every sportsman desires to win the golden award. It is a big honor for every country to be a host for Olympic Games, because this is a chance to show its power, financial capabilities and the highest hospitality to guests from other countries by means of organization, opening/closing ceremonies of event and Olympic torch relay.
Перевод
Олимпийские Игры являются всемирно известным спортивным событием. Лучшие спортсмены всех стран объединяются в команды, представляющие нации, встречаются в специально выбранном городе каждые четыре года для того чтобы выяснить, кто из них самый сильный, быстрый и выносливый. Существует два вида таких игр: зимние и летние, так как все виды спорта можно условно разделить относительно сезона.
Это мероприятие было впервые проведено Древними Греками на Олимпе (место обитания Греческих богов) более 2700 лет тому назад. Современные игры очень далеки от тех, что проводились первыми, и количество участвующих видов спорта каждый раз меняется в зависимости от их популярности. Летние виды спорта обычно включают в себя синхронное плавание, волейбол, художественная гимнастика, прыжки с шестом, атлетика и т.д. Наиболее популярными Зимними видами являются хоккей, бобслей, фигурное катание, биатлон и бег на лыжах. Как уже было отмечено ранее, программа изменчива: наиболее популярные виды спорта остаются, а менее популярные исчезают на какое-то время (регби, мотоспорт и гольф).
Победители соревнований получают золотые, серебряные и бронзовые медали и каждый спортсмен мечтает о золотой награде. Для каждой страны является большой честью принимать у себя Олимпиаду, так как это шанс показать свою мощь, финансовые возможности и высокий уровень гостеприимства по отношению к гостям из других стран с помощью организации мероприятий, церемоний открытия и закрытия игры и эстафета с Олимпийским огнем.
Стоит отметить, что официальный язык в Рио-Де-Жанейро – столице игр 2016 года, португальский, который можно выучить по Скайпу в нашей школе.
Sport and Olympic Games
M any people all over the world are interested in sport. Sport helps people to stay healthy and makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.
They have always paid great attention to sport in our schools, colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a gym or a sportsground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or swimming pools, where local or even international competitions are usually held. Traditionally, sport could be divided into professional and amateur sport.
Former Soviet Union and later Ukrainian and Russian sportsmen have set a great number of world records in gymnastics, weightlifting, tennis, swimming, running, high jumping, etc. Our sportsmen also participate in the Olympic Games and always win gold, silver and bronze medals.
The Olympic Games have long history. They started in 776 ВС in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in the Games. When the Games took place, all the wars stopped. So, the Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship.
Now, there are Summer and Winter Olympic Games. They are held separately. There are always several cities wishing to host the Games. The International Committee of Olympic Games selects the most suitable. After that, the host city starts its preparations for the competitions, constructs new sport facilities, or reconstructs them, reconstructs stadiums, hotels, press centres, etc. Thousand of athletes, journalists and guests arrive to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything.
Russia joined the Olympic movement in 1952. In 1980, Moscow hosted the twenty-second Olympic Games. The latest . Olympic Games were held in Sydney, Australia. Our sportsmen won medals in many sports. Next Olympic Games take place in Greece, the Motherland of these games.
Перевод
Спорт и Олимпийские игры
M ногие люди во всем мире интересуются спортом. Спорт помогает людям оставаться здоровыми и делает их более организованными, лучше дисциплинированными в их повседневной работе.
В наших школах, колледжах и университетах спорту всегда уделяли большое внимание. Вы едва найдете школу, где нет физкультуры или спортивных площадок. Каждый город и городок имеет несколько стадионов или плавательных бассейнов, где обычно проводятся местные или даже международные соревнования. Традиционно спорт делится на профессиональный и любительский.
Спортсмены Советского Союза, а позднее украинские и российские спортсмены установили много мировых рекордов в гимнастике, тяжелой атлетике, теннисе, плавании, беге, прыжках в высоту и т. д. Наши спортсмены участвуют в Олимпийских играх и всегда выигрывают золотые, серебряные и бронзовые медали.
У Олимпийских игр длинная история. Они начались в 776 году до н.э. в Греции и проводились в Олимпии: каждые четыре года в течение почти двенадцати столетий. Они включали в себя много различных спортивных состязаний. Все города Греции посылали своих лучших атлетов в Олимпию, чтобы соревноваться на Олимпийских играх. Во время Олимпийских игр все войны прекращались. Таким образом, Олимпийские игры стали символом мира и дружбы.
Теперь Олимпийские игры делятся на Летние и Зимние Олимпийские игры. Они проводятся отдельно. Всегда есть несколько городов, желающих стать хозяевами проведения Олимпийских игр. Международный Олимпийский комитет выбирает самый подходящий город. После этого город, в котором будут проводиться Игры, начинает свои приготовления к соревнованиям — строят новые спортивные сооружения, восстанавливают стадионы, гостиницы, пресс-центры и т. д. Тысячи атлетов, журналистов и гостей приезжают на Игры и нужно много потрудиться, чтобы всех устроить.
Россия присоединилась к Олимпийскому движению в 1952 году. В 1980 Москва принимала гостей на двадцать вторых Олимпийских играх. Последние Олимпийские игры прошли в Сиднее, Австралия. Наши спортсмены выиграли медали во многих спортивных состязаниях. Следующие Олимпийские игры пройдут в Греции, на родине этих игр.
The Olympic Games are known to us since the days of ancient Greece, whence came the expression – “in a healthy body – a healthy mind”. The Greeks paid special attention to sports and loaded themselves with physical exertion in order to always be in good physical shape in case of military actions. Sports competitions, gladiator fights, chariot competitions began to take place in the Mount Olympus. Each participant demonstrated his dexterity, courage, strength, speed.
Later, with the advent of the Romans on the territory of Greece, the Olympic Games began to be held less and less, and at the beginning of the eighth century, the authorities declared them a pagan rite and banned.
In 1894, the International Congress of Sports decided new rules for the games and, in 1896, the Olympic Games began to be held again every four years. Later the International Olympic Committee was created which selected the city for each regular game. The goal of the Olympic Games was to give every athlete the opportunity to play for his country in fair competition.
The most famous symbol of the Olympic Games is the image of five interconnected rings. Rings represent the union of five continents.
In 1928, Amsterdam first lit the Olympic flame, as a symbol of the will to win. Since then, the fire is lit before the start of each game, and it burns to the very end.
Перевод
Олимпийские игры известны нам ещё со времён Древней Греции, откуда пришло выражение – “в здоровом теле – здоровый дух”. Греки уделяли особое внимание спорту и нагружали себя физическими нагрузками, чтобы на случай военных действий всегда быть в хорошей физической форме. На горе Олимп начали устраиваться спортивные состязания, бои гладиаторов, соревнования на колесницах. Каждый участник демонстрировал свою ловкость, смелость, силу, скорость.
Позже, с появлением римлян на территории Греции, Олимпийские игры стали проводиться все реже и реже, и в начале восьмого века власти объявили их языческим обрядом и запретили.
В 1894 году году Международный спортивный конгресс постановил новые правила проведения игр и с 1896 году Олимпийские игры начали проводиться вновь через каждые четыре года. Позже был создан Международный олимпийский комитет, который выбирал город для проведения каждых очередных игр. Целью Олимпийских игр являлось дать возможность каждому спортсмену выступить за свою страну в честных состязаниях.
Самым известным символом Олимпийских игр является изображение пяти колец соединённых между собой. Кольца представляют объединение пяти континентов.
В 1928 году в Амстердаме впервые зажегся Олимпийский огонь, как символ воли к победе. С тех пор огонь зажигают перед началом каждых игр, и он горит до самого их завершения.
Ответ оставил Гость
Olympic Games
Lots of people in the world are fond of sport, because it’s not only healthy, but also spectacular and exciting. For these reason people have started the Olympic Games. They have appeared in 776 BC in Ancient Greece, where people every four years held festivals to please the ancient God Zeus. Later on the Games have disappeared and were revived in the present era, in 1896. The first modern Olympics took place in the capital of Greece, Athens. The old tradition to hold the Games every four years was also revived. So, from then on the Olympic Games took place every four years in different cities of the world. At certain times, such as Second World War, the games were forbidden. The Olympic Games are considered to be the biggest international sports games, which unite people from all over the world. There are two types of Olympic Games: Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics. Ancient Greeks didn’t have Winter Games, so the first Winter Olympics were held in 1924 in France. The official emblem of the Olympic Games is a colourful flag with five interlinked rings. The colours of the rings are blue, red, yellow, green and black, because every country in the world has at least one of these colours on their national flag. Another idea sees in each colour a certain continent, for example, blue colour symbolizes Europe, yellow- Asia, red – America, black – Africa and green – Australia. The Olympic Games have been held in many countries, and Russia is no exception. In 1980 the 22nd Olympic Games took place in Moscow, and in 2014 they took place in Sochi.
Олимпийские игры
Многие люди любят спорт, потому что это не только полезно для здоровья, но также зрелищно и захватывающе. По этой причине люди начали Олимпийские игры. Они появились в 776 году до н.э. в Древней Греции, где люди каждые четыре года проводили фестивали, чтобы угодить древнему богу Зевсу. Позже игры исчезли, и были возобновлены в нашей эре, в 1896 году. Первые современные Олимпийские игры проходили в столице Греции, Афинах. Старая традиция проводить игры каждые четыре года была также возобновлена. Итак, с тех пор, Олимпийские игры проводились каждые четыре года в различных городах мира. В определенные времена, такие как, Вторая мировая война, игры были запрещены. Олимпийские игры являются самыми крупными международными спортивными играми, которые соединяют людей со всего мира. Существует два вида Олимпийских игр: Летние игры и Зимние игры. У древних греков не было зимних игр, поэтому первые Зимние Олимпийские игры были в 1924-м году, во Франции. Официальной эмблемой Олимпийских игр является разноцветный флаг с пятью связанными друг с другом кольцами. Цвета колец синий, красный, желтый, зеленый и черный, так как каждая страна в мире имеет по крайне мере один из этих цветов на своем национальном флаге. Другая идея видит каждый цвет как определенный континент, например, синий цвет, символизирует Европу, желтый – Азию, красный – Америку, черный – Африку и зеленый – Австралию. Олимпийские игры проводились во многих странах, и Россия не исключение. В 1980-м году 22-ые Олимпийские игры проводились в Москве, а в 2014-м году были в Сочи.
После ознакомления с содержанием Топика ( Сочинения ) по теме “Спорт” Советуем каждому из вас обратить внимание на дополнительные материалы. Большинство из наших топиков содержат дополнительные вопросы по тексту и наиболее интересные слова текста. Отвечая на не сложные вопросы по тексту вы сможете максимально осмыслить содержание Топика ( Сочинения ) и если вам необходимо написать собственное Сочинение по теме “Спорт” у вас возникнет минимум сложностей.
Если у вас возникают вопросы по прочтению отдельных слов вы можете дважды нажать на непонятное слово и в нижнем левом углу в форме перевода есть отдельная кнопка которая позволит вам услышать непосредственно произношение слова. Или также вы можете пройти к разделу Правила Чтения Английского Языка и найти ответ на возникший вопрос.
Sports and Olympic Games
Many people all over the world are interested in sport. Sport helps people to stay healthy and makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.
They have always paid great attention to sport in our schools, colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a gym or a sportsground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or swimming pools, where local or even international competitions are usually held. Traditionally, sport could be divided into professional and amateur sport.
Former Soviet Union and later Ukrainian and Russian sportsmen have set a great number of world records in gymnastics, weightlifting, tennis, swimming, running, high jumping, etc. Our sportsmen also participate in the Olympic Games and always win gold, silver and bronze medals.
The Olympic Games have long history. They started in 776 ВС in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in the Games. When the Games took place, all the wars stopped. So, the Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship.
Now, there are Summer and Winter Olympic Games. They are held separately. There are always several cities wishing to host the Games. The International Committee of Olympic Games selects the most suitable. After that, the host city starts its preparations for the competitions, constructs new sport facilities, or reconstructs them, reconstructs stadiums, hotels, press centres, etc. Thousand of athletes, journalists and guests arrive to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything.
Russia joined the Olympic movement in 1952. In 1980, Moscow hosted the twenty-second Olympic Games. The latest . Olympic Games were held in Sydney, Australia. Our sportsmen won medals in many sports. Next Olympic Games take place in Greece, the Motherland of these games.
Спорт и Олимпийские игры
Многие люди во всем мире интересуются спортом. Спорт помогает людям оставаться здоровыми и делает их более организованными, лучше дисциплинированными в их повседневной работе.
В наших школах, колледжах и университетах спорту всегда уделяли большое внимание. Вы едва найдете школу, где нет физкультуры или спортивных площадок. Каждый город и городок имеет несколько стадионов или плавательных бассейнов, где обычно проводятся местные или даже международные соревнования. Традиционно спорт делится на профессиональный и любительский.
Спортсмены Советского Союза, а позднее украинские и российские спортсмены установили много мировых рекордов в гимнастике, тяжелой атлетике, теннисе, плавании, беге, прыжках в высоту и т. д. Наши спортсмены участвуют в Олимпийских играх и всегда выигрывают золотые, серебряные и бронзовые медали.
У Олимпийских игр длинная история. Они начались в 776 году до н.э. в Греции и проводились в Олимпии: каждые четыре года в течение почти двенадцати столетий. Они включали в себя много различных спортивных состязаний. Все города Греции посылали своих лучших атлетов в Олимпию, чтобы соревноваться на Олимпийских играх. Во время Олимпийских игр все войны прекращались. Таким образом, Олимпийские игры стали символом мира и дружбы.
Теперь Олимпийские игры делятся на Летние и Зимние Олимпийские игры. Они проводятся отдельно. Всегда есть несколько городов, желающих стать хозяевами проведения Олимпийских игр. Международный Олимпийский комитет выбирает самый подходящий город. После этого город, в котором будут проводиться Игры, начинает свои приготовления к соревнованиям — строят новые спортивные сооружения, восстанавливают стадионы, гостиницы, пресс-центры и т. д. Тысячи атлетов, журналистов и гостей приезжают на Игры и нужно много потрудиться, чтобы всех устроить.
Россия присоединилась к Олимпийскому движению в 1952 году. В 1980 Москва принимала гостей на двадцать вторых Олимпийских играх. Последние Олимпийские игры прошли в Сиднее, Австралия. Наши спортсмены выиграли медали во многих спортивных состязаниях. Следующие Олимпийские игры пройдут в Греции, на родине этих игр.
Questions:
1. Why do many people like sport?
2. How could sport be traditionally divided into?
3. When did the Olympic Games start?
4. What happened in Greece when the Olympic Games started there?
5. When did Russia join the Olympic movement?
6. When did Moscow host the twenty-second Olympic Games?
7. When and where do the next Olympic Games take place?
Vocabulary:
healthy — здоровый; полезный t
to discipline — дисциплинировать; тренировать, упражнять
to pay (past paid, p.p. paid) attention — обратить внимание
hardly — едва
gym —разг.; сокр. от gymnasium — спортивный зал
competition — спорт, соревнование, встреча, состязание
amateur — любитель; поклонник
weightlif ting — тяжелая атлетика
to participate — участвовать, принимать участие
to include — включать
to compete — состязаться, соперничать
peace — мир
separately — отдельно, раздельно
to host — принимать гостей; выступать в роли хозяина, принимающей стороны
suitable — подходящий, пригодный, соответствующий
guest — гость
to arrive — прибывать
to arrange — устраивать(ся), организовывать, подготавливать; принимать меры
The Olympic Games are one of the most spectacular reminders of the debt we owe to the Greeks.
The original Olympic Games were held every four years in honour of Zeus, the supreme god of Greek religion. The first record of the games dates from 776 B.C., but it is certain that they existed prior to that. They were held continuously for over 1.000 years until they were abolished in the reign of King Theodosius about 392 A.D. The Olympic festival was a great unifying bond between the Independent city-states of Greece.
The important sports in the original Olympic Games were running, jumping, wrestling, throwing the discus and throwing the javelin. Only men competed and they wore no clothes in order to have greater freedom of movement. Each competitor had to take the Olympic Oath – a promise to behave in a sportsman-like fashion.
The modern Olympic era began in 1894 when Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin decided to revive the ancient Greek tradition of celebrating health, youth and peace with a sports festival. Baron de Coubertin created the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the first modem Olympiad took place in Athens in 1896. Since then the Olympic Games have been held every four years with only two exceptions because of the two world wars.
Even though the modern Olympic Games embrace the whole world, the connection with Greece is still very strong. A lighted torch is brought all the way from Greece, carried by a relay of runners, in order to light the Olympic Flame which bums all through the Games. As in ancient Greek times, the competitors still take the Olympic Oath. The long-distance race is still called the Marathon. Marathon was a village about 26 miles from Athens. In the year 490 BC the Greeks defeated a powerful Persian army at that spot. After the fierce day’s fighting a soldier volunteered to bring news of the victory to the anxious citizens of Athens. He ran all the way and after gasping out the message. “Rejoice, we conquer!” he collapsed and died.
One important rule of the Olympic Games is that the competitors must be amateurs. This rule has been under a lot of pressure in recent years because modem sport is so professional and competitive. Athletes train for years to take part in the Olympics and some countries spend much more than others on equipment and facilities. But despite these pressures, the amateur rule remains.
In modern times the Olympic movement has become an enormous and expensive organisation, It’s controlled by the International Olympic Committee, which consists of members from all the participating countries. The IOC is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It chooses the locations of both summer and winter games (both take place once very four years, with winter games half a year before summer Olympiads). It also controls the rules of the competitions and selects new Olympic sports. The famous flag of the IOC shows five rings of different colours linked together. The rings represent the five continents.
Написание сочинения по английскому языку, готовые эссе
Источник: https://5-ege.ru/napisanie-sochineniya-po-anglijskomu-yazyku/
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не начинайте предложения со слов and, but или also; в разговорном языке вы можете их использовать, но избегайте этого в сочинении;
не употребляйте вводные слова, характерные для неформального стиля (well, to tell the truth и др.);
избегайте слишком простых предложений; объединяйте их в сложные, используя логические средства связи.
Разделите текст на смысловые абзацы в соответствии с предложенным в задании планом.
В первом абзаце сформулируйте проблему, которую вы будете обсуждать, однако не повторяйте тему сочинения слово в слово. Представьте, что ваш читатель не знает, о чем пойдет речь, и попытайтесь объяснить ему проблему другими словами.
Выделите положительные и отрицательные стороны проблемы, подумайте о разумных аргументах, в поддержку обеих точек зрения. Помните, что вы должны выразить не только свою точку зрения, но и противоположную. Также не забудьте объяснить, почему вы не согласны с другой точкой зрения. Старайтесь соблюдать баланс между абзацами.
Используйте слова-связки, чтобы помочь читателю проследить за логикой ваших рассуждений. Помните, что вводные слова выделяются запятыми.
В последнем абзаце сделайте обобщающий вывод по данной проблеме. Вы можете также окончательно сформулировать свое мнение или предложить пути решения данной проблемы.
Структура по частям:
Заголовок — название эссе, которое отражает тему повествования.
Введение — 2-4 коротких предложения, которые раскрывают тему эссе.
Основная часть — 2-3 абзаца, которые описывают суть сочинения. Максимально полно и грамотно раскройте тему, приведите доводы и аргументируйте их.
Заключение — 2-4 предложения, которые подводят итог. Общий вывод по теме.
В основной части сочинения все абзацы начинаются с вводного предложения (Topic Sentence) – введения. Далее мысль Topic Sentence развивается и подтверждается.
Объем сочинения должен составлять 200-250 слов. При этом артикль – это тоже слово, поэтому не слишком увлекайтесь с развитием идей, постарайтесь удержаться в заданных рамках.
Клише для сочинений
Выражения мнения:
I agree/ disagree
In my opinion, … / From my point of view, … / As far as I am concerned, …
I believe that…/ It seems to me that…
I am in favour of… / I am against the idea of…
According to…
Some people say that…
It is said/believed that…
There is no doubt that…
It cannot be denied that…
It goes without saying that…
We must admit that…
Представление аргументов:
The main argument against/in favour is…
First of all, I would like to consider…
The first thing I would like to consider is…
To begin with, …/ To start with, …
Despite the fact that…/ In spite of the fact that…
On the one hand, … /On the other hand, …
Besides,…/ In addition,…
What is more, …/ Moreover, …/ More than that, …
Finally, …
However, … / …, though
…although…
Nevertheless,…
Логические связки:
for this reason
therefore/that is why
thus something happened because of/as a result of/owing to/due to/as a consequence of
Примеры:
For example
For instance
Such as
Like
Заключение:
To sum up, …
To conclude, I would argue that…
On this basis, I can conclude that…
In conclusion, I would like to stress that…
All in all, I believe that…
Готовые эссе (примеры сочинений)
Единый язык для всей планеты. За и против.
No doubt that learning languages takes up a lot of time. That is why some people think that it would be better to have only one language on our planet. But will it be really beneficial for mankind?
In my opinion, the reduction of the number of languages is a disaster because it will totally destroy our great cultural heritage. With each loss of a language comes a loss of a culture, a loss of a way of life that deserves to be protected and treated as valuable. I also believe that leaving one language for communication will greatly reduce the linguistic diversity of our planet, which is the key to our survival. What is more, it will be rather difficult to choose which language to use and it may even lead to wars.
Many people think that if we have only one language, communication will become easier and there will be no need to learn foreign languages. I cannot agree with them because knowledge of foreign languages makes a person educated and well rounded. You cannot broaden your mind if you see the world only from the perspective of your own culture. Besides, people are a lot more helpful if you speak their language.
In conclusion, I would argue that we should try our best to preserve the linguistic diversity of our planet. I think that larger cultures should have a respect for minority languages, but first of all the younger generation must want to preserve their native language.
Животные в зоопарке. Как вы к этому относитесь. Справедливо ли это
There are a lot of zoos in the world and millions of people visit them every year. But are zoos harmful or helpful to animals which are caged there?
I strongly believe that we should not keep animals in zoos because captivity is not natural for them and it is a constant stress to a wild animal. Keeping animals in zoos harms them by denying them freedom of movement and association. What is more, zoos are like prisons for animals as they live in small cages and do not get necessary food. In addition, animals become very aggressive and unpredictable as they get older and often attack zoo keepers and other people.
However, most people think that zoos help endangered species survive. But this is not true because most rare animals are extremely difficult to breed in captivity. Besides, in zoos, it is almost impossible to meet the animals’ natural needs. Another argument for keeping animals in zoos is that people learn something new about these animals. Actually, zoos do not teach us much because animals do not act the way they would in the wild. I think we can learn more about animals by watching wildlife programs on TV.
In conclusion, I would argue that zoos do not seem to help endangered species and keeping animals behind bars only for the sake of our entertainment is not quite fair. In my opinion, people must create nature reserves, where wild animals will be able to live in their natural environment.
Запрещение машин в центрах больших городов. За или против
There is no doubt that the invention of the car changed the world and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Nevertheless, some people are against cars, especially in the centers of big cities.
In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Finally, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks. However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.
To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.
Изучение иностранного языка – лучшее, что может быть, изучать его в стране, где на нем разговаривают. Согласны ли вы
Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks. Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.
It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.
To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practise a language but not to study it.
Иностранные языки. Сейчас в школах изучают по 2-3 языка. За и против
Most people understand that without knowledge of foreign languages it is difficult to survive in the modern world. Therefore they send their children to schools where they can study two or even three foreign languages. However, is it good to study several languages simultaneously? On the one hand, foreign languages are the main part of our culture so they help us to expand our outlook. We cannot broaden our minds if we see the world only from the perspective of our own culture. In addition, learning languages is a good exercise for the intellect. Moreover, if pupils know at least one foreign language, they learn new languages much faster. On the other hand, many pupils find it confusing to learn two or three languages at a time, especially languages that are similar, because children usually mix up lots of words. Besides, some languages are tricky enough to learn. For example, in English there are more exceptions than rules. In this case, children can be overloaded with homework. More than that, some pupils do not know their native language well and learning several foreign languages could prevent them from mastering their own language.
In conclusion, I want to say that learning languages is extremely beneficial and I would like to know different foreign languages. However, I believe children should not learn too many languages at the same time so as not to get confused. They ought to get a solid base in one language before they start learning a new one. 16. Интернет. За и против We live in the age of information technology and nowadays the Internet is nearly as common as the telephone. No doubt that it is a unique invention, which has influenced all areas of our lives. However, some people consider the Internet one of the greatest evils of our time. On the one hand, the Internet is very useful, because it lets us access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. In addition, with the Internet, it is now possible to speak to friends and relatives any-where in the world cheaply and quickly. Other services are also available through the Internet such as booking tickets or buying things. Moreover, the Internet allows a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements and makes it easier to find a job. On the other hand, the Internet can become a disaster for our society, because people spend hours in front of their computers and neglect their everyday duties. Another worry is the activities of cybercriminals. For example, hackers can steal your money or even your property while cyber terrorists may ‘attack’ the world’s computers, causing chaos, and making planes and trains crash. What is more, leaders of different terrorist or oppositional organizations can use the Internet to find new followers.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that despite the criticisms by some and the fears of others, the Internet seems to have changed our world to the better and we must try to make the best use of it.
Клонирование. За и против
Recent advances in genetic biology have led us to quite a doubtful situation. People all over the world argue whether human cloning research should be controlled by the government as solving problems connected with human cloning is definitely not a piece of cake. In my opinion, human cloning experiments are extremely dangerous because there are huge risks of abnormalities in human clones. Moreover, if clones have been made, they will obviously have serious psychological problems connected with their unusual birth. Finally, there is no doubt that human cloning will change our perception of what is the value of a human life as we might change from having children to manufacturing them. However, scientists claim that human cloning could be very beneficial as therapeutic cloning could provide stem cells for regenerative medicine and tissues for transplantation. Besides, re-productive cloning will probably give parents who are both infertile an opportunity to have children. I am afraid that this technology is not safe enough to use on humans. It is also possible that clones will age quicker since the cell used in the cloning procedure has already been used in a real life individual.
To sum up, we must question whether human cloning is really worth it when weighed against the problems it raises. From my point of view, human reproductive cloning should be under the tight control of the government and the UN because it is dangerous to interfere with nature and the consequences can be really disastrous.
Книги или компьютеры. Кто победит в будущем
The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes. But will they be able to replace printed books? In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information. Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts. On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.
To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.
Компьютерные игры. За и против
People have always had different hobbies but technological progress has caused the appearance of computers and computer games, which can keep a child occupied for hours. However, adults consider computer games a complete waste of time. As for me, I believe computer games are more than mindless entertainment. To begin with, computer games can teach people to achieve their aims as they regularly put obstacles and traps in the way of players which are necessary to overcome in order to progress through the rest of the game. Additionally, computer games can be a valuable source of accidental learning that can be applied to school, home, and social events. Moreover, teachers have also started to appreciate educational games as an opportunity to make their lessons more exciting. Nevertheless, quite a few people are against this activity as they find it rather addictive and harmful for children’s health. They argue that computer games make students neglect their school work. However, if we learn to control our computer use and play games for an hour just to relax after a hard day at school, this will not do us any harm. What is more, modern technology made it possible to eliminate the bad effect of computers on our eyes.
To sum up, I believe that computer games have more advantages than drawbacks. They make us persistent, develop our logical reasoning and help us to escape from everyday problems. The thing is to find a right balance between virtual reality and everyday reality.
Космос. За и против исследований в космосе
Space exploration can mean a major leap for mankind. However, it is often criticized because the price for these space experiments is too high, especially while poverty still exists in many parts of the world. On the one hand, space research is extremely beneficial as it advances technology. As a result of this work, we have lots of inventions, which have made our lives much more comfortable. In addition, through the exploration of space, we could find new elements, minerals or even discover new laws of physics and eventually learn more about ourselves. What is more, space exploration will allow us to establish a human civilization on another planet as a hedge against the catastrophe that might occur on the Earth. On the other hand, the benefits of space exploration are not self-evident, no matter how real they are. It costs billions of dollars to fund the projects of space science whereas this money should rather be spent on meeting the needs of the underprivileged. Besides, some of the technology we develop through space science can be used in a destructive manner if it is in the wrong hands. Finally, a travel to space can be dangerous as we may discover something that is extremely harmful for the living beings on Earth.
To conclude, I want to say that space exploration satisfies the human desire for adventure therefore most people are interested in space research. Nevertheless, I believe our governments should find the right balance between social and space programs.
Автомобили. За и против
There is no doubt that the invention of the car completely changed the way people thought about travelling causing the development of many other means of transport. However, the draw-backs of cars make people think that we should stop using them. In my opinion, cars are necessary in today’s world. To begin with, they help us transport goods to places that cannot be reached by other means of transport. In addition, cars are the main way of transportation for people who live far from their workplaces, especially now when public transport is frequently lacking. It is even more difficult to use public transport if you have children with you or heavy goods to carry. Finally, cars are the best way of travelling because you need not buy tickets and you can stop wherever you like. Nevertheless, cars are often criticized because they cause air pollution. Another argument against using cars is that people are turning into legless creatures and inactivity leads to serious diseases. I cannot agree with these views because nowadays all cars are to be equipped with special control systems to reduce their exhaust fumes and new environmentally friendly cars are being developed. Moreover, with cars, people have better opportunities to reach sports facilities and therefore spend more time doing sports.
To sum up, I would argue that although cars have certain disadvantages people would not be able to survive without them. However, I believe that we should improve cars to lower their harmful influence on people’s health.
Богатые — только они успешные. Согласны ли вы?
Does one’s success depend on the amount of money a person earns? This question has always worried people and the answer to it is not simple. In my opinion, being rich does not necessarily mean that you are successful. First of all, if you only work for money, you will not get satisfaction from your job. What is more, while making your fortune, you may not have enough time for your family so you are bound to have problems in family relationship. Finally, lots of money can worsen your character because rich people are often greedy and arrogant so you are unlikely to have any true friends. Unfortunately, most people view success in terms of money. They believe money will bring happiness because they will be able to buy luxurious things, travel around the world and realize their dreams. However, there are a lot of millionaires with personal problems and they are often very unhappy. You can buy houses and cars but money will not help you to buy love, friendship and good health, which are the most valuable things in life. What is more, being wealthy is often a powerful predictor that people spend less time doing pleasurable things and therefore feel stressed.
In conclusion, I would argue that being rich is not the only way of being successful in life. From my point of view, it is more important to have an interesting job, good friends and a happy family. Other people make you happy, not money!
Будущее. Больше плохо будет или хорошего. Ваше мнение
People have always been intrigued of what the future will look like. That is why there are a lot of futuristic books and films, both optimistic and pessimistic. But what does the real future holds for us? Will life in the future be better, worse or the same as now? As for me, I am optimistic about the future. We have already seen major technological advances over the last fifty years and the next fifty years are going to be equally exciting. For example, in fifty years’ time scientists will have created robots that will be doing all dangerous and difficult jobs. In addition, medicine technology will have conquered many diseases including AIDS and
cancer. As for entertainment, I believe we will get it from the Internet and television will probably disappear. However, some people feel pessimistic about our future. They worry about the activity of terrorists and the possibility of nuclear wars. Another problem is our environment, which is in a sorry state. I am sure that people will be able control their weapons because everybody understands what disastrous consequences nuclear wars may have. We will also take care of our environment and in the future people will drive petrol-free cars, drink purified water and recycle their rubbish.
To sum up, I believe that we will finally solve all our problems and will live happily. History shows that people can make the right choices. That’s a good reason to be optimistic about science and humanity.
Внешний вид. Многие представители молодежи уделяют очень много внимания внешности, взрослые против этого. Ваше мнение
What people wear says a lot about who they are and what they do. It is not surprising that teenagers are so concerned about their clothes. However, their parents think that following fashion is a waste of time. From my point of view, it is important to look smart and attractive. We cannot go through life with the same hairstyle or make-up. I believe it is also necessary for teenagers to follow fashion. When you are up with fashion, you feel confident. Nevertheless, I feel that looking clean and tidy is even more important than looking stylish. What is more, everyone should find their own style to express their individuality. I hate when people dress alike. As for me, I prefer hand-made or designer clothes and try to look stylish. Many adults do not understand why teens spend so much time and money on their clothes. Moreover, they are often quite old-fashioned and do not accept modern trends in clothing. They say that fashion comes and goes but classical style remains: I cannot agree with them because teenage fashion is quite specific. Nobody likes to dress in styles that are too old for them, and it is no fun being teased because of it.
In conclusion, I would argue that modern lifestyle forces us to look stylish because people judge us by our clothes. It is especially important in business where your look can actually make or lose you money. Therefore I think we should learn how to look nice.
Все школьные предметы одинаково важны. Согласны ли вы с этим
People have various preferences so it is natural that school students want to study the subjects they are interested in. Yet many teachers are against this, arguing that students must learn all subjects equally. In my opinion, students should be allowed to choose the subjects they want to study because in this case they will probably be more enthusiastic about their school work. In addition, if students are forced to study all subjects obligatorily, they can easily lose interest in education. What is more, if all subjects are compulsory for studying, students will not have enough time to learn all of them properly therefore they will be constantly under a lot of pressure. On the other hand, most teachers believe their subject is of great importance and they will not let it be optional. Moreover, teachers claim that students must be well rounded so they need to study all subjects equally. I am afraid, however, that when we learn a variety of subjects, we get very poor knowledge and we are not able to get an idea of what our interests are. Besides, some subjects can be of no use for us in the future and we will forget everything we learned at school.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that being free to choose what to study is an effective form of education. Nevertheless, I must admit that we should not completely reject all the other subjects. Instead, teachers must find an easier form of teaching them.
Генетически измененное продовольствие. За или против
Genetically modified crops have made a big splash in the news lately. For example, in Honduras farmers are encouraged to produce genetically modified (GM) crops although many people dispute about harmful effects of genetic technologies.
On the one hand, genetic technology is one of the best solutions to the problem of world hunger. GM crops are faster and cheaper to grow therefore it will be possible to increase production and lower the cost of food. Besides, these crops could be grown in areas suffering from drought and salt. More than that, many people rely on genetically modified foods for medicines, for example insulin for diabetics. On the other hand, there is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may have an unexpected and negative impact on human health, for instance, it may create a new allergen and cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. In addition, since some crops are modified using the DNA from viruses and bacteria, we may encounter new diseases. Moreover, GM crops may also pose a health risk to animals that eat them as they may be poisoned by built-in pesticides.
In conclusion, I would like to say that many people feel that genetic engineering is the inevitable wave of the future and that we cannot afford to ignore a technology that has such enormous potential benefits. However, we must proceed with caution to avoid causing unintended harm to human health and the environment as a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology.
Граффити. За и против
Art has lots of different forms. However, its evaluation has become especially problematic since the twentieth century when controversial art forms such as graffiti became popular. Although graffiti is often regarded as a new form of art worthy of display in galleries, its value is still highly contested. On the one hand, works produced by graffiti artists demonstrate a broad spectrum of personal and cultural expression therefore it is the way for people to express their talent. In addition, graffiti like any other art work takes vision, planning as well as lots of efforts. What is more, in many ways viewing graffiti art is very much like viewing contemporary art in a gallery and it is appreciated by many people. On the other hand, graffiti is often seen as vandalism because instead of canvas graffiti artists choose train cars, bridges or public walls, which makes our cities look really ugly and run-down. Moreover, most of the graffiti you see on walls is a collection of swear words, gang names or just silly drawings. For many people graffiti is often associated with crime and violence.
To sum up, graffiti can be called an art form as long as artists get permission from those whose property might be used as canvas. In my opinion, people paint on public things because they have nowhere else to express their talent. I strongly believe city authorities should create special places for graffiti artists where all people will be able to appreciate this wonderful art form.
иеты. Что вы делаете, чтобы оставаться в форме
Nowadays many people think they are too fat even if their doctors disagree. They think the best way to improve their fitness is following a diet. But is dieting really so effective and healthy? On the one hand, if you want to lose weight it is very important to keep your eye on what you eat. To begin with, you should cut out snacks and desserts, which add weight without boosting energy levels. Besides, you ought to cut down on fat as it is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity. Finally, you may count the number of calories you eat every day, which may substantially re-duce the amount of food you eat and help to lose weight.
On the other hand, strict dieting may be dangerous. Firstly, the lower the calories eaten per day, the harder it is to get the daily requirements of proteins and vitamins. In addition, excessive dieting causes muscle loss and this loss may be from your heart with severe consequences. Moreover, dieting lowers your metabolic rate, so when you return to your normal food intake, you will put on weight even faster than before.
To conclude, I believe that to stay healthy everybody should follow a sensible, well-balanced diet that gives their body exactly what it needs. However, I think the best way of keeping fit is doing sports. If you do regular exercise, you can eat and drink whatever you want because you are burning it all off.
Запрещение машин в центрах больших городов. За или против
There is no doubt that the invention of the car changed the world and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Nevertheless, some people are against cars, especially in the centers of big cities.
In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Finally, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks. However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.
To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.
Изучение иностранного языка – лучшее, что может быть, изучать его в стране, где на нем разговаривают. Согласны ли вы
Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks. Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.
It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.
To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practise a language but not to study it.
Сочинения по английскому языку:
Sports and Olympic Games – Спорт и Олимпийские игры
Many people all over the world are interested in sport. Sport
helps people to stay healthy and makes them more organized and
better disciplined in their daily activities.
They have always paid great attention to sport in our schools,
colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a
gym or a sportsground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or
swimming pools, where local or even international competitions are
usually held. Traditionally, sport could be divided into
professional and amateur sport.
Former Soviet Union and later Ukrainian and Russian sportsmen
have set a great number of world records in gymnastics,
weightlifting, tennis, swimming, running, high jumping, etc. Our
sportsmen also participate in the Olympic Games and always win gold,
silver and bronze medals.
The Olympic Games have long history. They started in 776 ВС in
Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries
at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports. All the
cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in
the Games. When the Games took place, all the wars stopped. So, the
Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship.
Now, there are Summer and Winter Olympic Games. They are held
separately. There are always several cities wishing to host the
Games. The International Committee of Olympic Games selects the most
suitable. After that, the host city starts its preparations for the
competitions, constructs new sport facilities, or reconstructs them,
reconstructs stadiums, hotels, press centres, etc. Thousand of
athletes, journalists and guests arrive to the Games, and it takes
great efforts to arrange everything.
Russia joined the Olympic movement in 1952. In 1980, Moscow
hosted the twenty-second Olympic Games. The latest . Olympic Games
were held in Sydney, Australia. Our sportsmen won medals in many
sports. Next Olympic Games take place in Greece, the Motherland of
these games.
Перевод текста: Sports and Olympic Games – Спорт и Олимпийские
игры
Многие люди во всем мире интересуются спортом. Спорт помогает
людям оставаться здоровыми и делает их более организованными, лучше
дисциплинированными в их повседневной работе.
В наших школах, колледжах и университетах спорту всегда уделяли
большое внимание. Вы едва найдете школу, где нет физкультуры или
спортивных площадок. Каждый город и городок имеет несколько
стадионов или плавательных бассейнов, где обычно проводятся местные
или даже международные соревнования. Традиционно спорт делится на
профессиональный и любительский.
Спортсмены Советского Союза, а позднее украинские и российские
спортсмены установили много мировых рекордов в гимнастике, тяжелой
атлетике, теннисе, плавании, беге, прыжках в высоту и т. д. Наши
спортсмены участвуют в Олимпийских играх и всегда выигрывают
золотые, серебряные и бронзовые медали.
У Олимпийских игр длинная история. Они начались в 776 году до
н.э. в Греции и проводились в Олимпии: каждые четыре года в течение
почти двенадцати столетий. Они включали в себя много различных
спортивных состязаний. Все города Греции посылали своих лучших
атлетов в Олимпию, чтобы соревноваться на Олимпийских играх. Во
время Олимпийских игр все войны прекращались. Таким образом,
Олимпийские игры стали символом мира и дружбы.
Теперь Олимпийские игры делятся на Летние и Зимние Олимпийские
игры. Они проводятся отдельно. Всегда есть несколько городов,
желающих стать хозяевами проведения Олимпийских игр. Международный
Олимпийский комитет выбирает самый подходящий город. После этого
город, в котором будут проводиться Игры, начинает свои приготовления
к соревнованиям — строят новые спортивные сооружения,
восстанавливают стадионы, гостиницы, пресс-центры и т. д. Тысячи
атлетов, журналистов и гостей приезжают на Игры и нужно много
потрудиться, чтобы всех устроить.
Россия присоединилась к Олимпийскому движению в 1952 году. В 1980
Москва принимала гостей на двадцать вторых Олимпийских играх.
Последние Олимпийские игры прошли в Сиднее, Австралия. Наши
спортсмены выиграли медали во многих спортивных состязаниях.
Следующие Олимпийские игры пройдут в Греции, на родине этих игр.
Сочинение на тему : « Олимпийские игры » на английском с переводом
Ответы:
Olympic Games
Lots of people in the world are fond of sport, because it’s not only healthy, but also spectacular and exciting. For these reason people have started the Olympic Games. They have appeared in 776 BC in Ancient Greece, where people every four years held festivals to please the ancient God Zeus. Later on the Games have disappeared and were revived in the present era, in 1896. The first modern Olympics took place in the capital of Greece, Athens. The old tradition to hold the Games every four years was also revived. So, from then on the Olympic Games took place every four years in different cities of the world. At certain times, such as Second World War, the games were forbidden. The Olympic Games are considered to be the biggest international sports games, which unite people from all over the world. There are two types of Olympic Games: Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics. Ancient Greeks didn’t have Winter Games, so the first Winter Olympics were held in 1924 in France. The official emblem of the Olympic Games is a colourful flag with five interlinked rings. The colours of the rings are blue, red, yellow, green and black, because every country in the world has at least one of these colours on their national flag. Another idea sees in each colour a certain continent, for example, blue colour symbolizes Europe, yellow- Asia, red – America, black – Africa and green – Australia. The Olympic Games have been held in many countries, and Russia is no exception. In 1980 the 22nd Olympic Games took place in Moscow, and in 2014 they took place in Sochi.
Олимпийские игры
Многие люди любят спорт, потому что это не только полезно для здоровья, но также зрелищно и захватывающе. По этой причине люди начали Олимпийские игры. Они появились в 776 году до н.э. в Древней Греции, где люди каждые четыре года проводили фестивали, чтобы угодить древнему богу Зевсу. Позже игры исчезли, и были возобновлены в нашей эре, в 1896 году. Первые современные Олимпийские игры проходили в столице Греции, Афинах. Старая традиция проводить игры каждые четыре года была также возобновлена. Итак, с тех пор, Олимпийские игры проводились каждые четыре года в различных городах мира. В определенные времена, такие как, Вторая мировая война, игры были запрещены. Олимпийские игры являются самыми крупными международными спортивными играми, которые соединяют людей со всего мира. Существует два вида Олимпийских игр: Летние игры и Зимние игры. У древних греков не было зимних игр, поэтому первые Зимние Олимпийские игры были в 1924-м году, во Франции. Официальной эмблемой Олимпийских игр является разноцветный флаг с пятью связанными друг с другом кольцами. Цвета колец синий, красный, желтый, зеленый и черный, так как каждая страна в мире имеет по крайне мере один из этих цветов на своем национальном флаге. Другая идея видит каждый цвет как определенный континент, например, синий цвет, символизирует Европу, желтый – Азию, красный – Америку, черный – Африку и зеленый – Австралию. Олимпийские игры проводились во многих странах, и Россия не исключение. В 1980-м году 22-ые Олимпийские игры проводились в Москве, а в 2014-м году были в Сочи.
Сочинения по английскому языку:
The Olympic Games – Олимпийские игры (3)
The Olympic Games were originally an ancient Greek religious
festival in honour of Zeus, held in Olympia near Mount Olympus, the
mythical home of the gods. The initial date for the beginning of the
Games was 776 В. С. They were held every four years, in the middle
of the summer; the main condition of the festival was that there
should be peace throughout Greece. The ceremonies included contests
in oratory, poetry, music, and art, as well as in athletic skills
like wrestling, throwing the javelin, and running.
The Olympic Games were an exclusively male festival, open to
young men from all the Greek cities. Women were not allowed to
compete in the Olympic Games, or even to attend and watch them. The
victors were traditionally crowned with olive leaves rather than
with gold medals. Their importance in Greek life was so great that
the Olympiad, the four-year interval between Games, was a main unit
of the Hellenic calendar. To be a victor in the classical Olympic
Games was a great honour not only for the athlete but for his city.
The classical Games continued for over a thousand years. The
Games were suppressed by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in A. D. 392.
With growth of interest in sport in the nineteenth century and
the organization of annual and traditional sporting contests,
especially between schools and universities, the idea arose of
reviving the Olympic Games in the modern world. A Frenchman, Baron
Pierre de Coubertin, was the enthusiast whose personal drive and
initiative brought about the inauguration of the modern Olympic
Games in 1896 with the participation of 311 athletes from thirteen
countries, competing in nine sports.
At first the modern Games were limited to men. Women first
competed in the Games in 1910, playing golf. The first womens
participation only began in Paris in 1924 with the inclusion of
women’s athletics in the programme. In recent Olympiads the women’s
programme has been greatly extended and in 1980 yet another event —
hockey, one of the most popular of girls team games was added to the
programme of the Moscow Games.
Winter sports were brought into the Olympic programme through the
organization of special Winter Games, first held in France at
Chamonix in 1924, with competitions in ice hockey, speedskating,
figure skating, and skiing. These are still the basic events of the
winter programme, with the addition of bobsleigh and toboggan races,
and ice hockey.
The most impressive moment in the opening ceremony of the Games
is the taking of the Olympic oaths. First a representative athlete
from the host country, holding a corner of the Olympic flag, takes
the following oath on behalf of all the participants.
The Olympic flag has a motif of five interlocking rings on a
white background. The five rings represent the five inhabited
continents of the world and symbolize universal brotherhood. The
six colours, the white of the background and the blue, yellow,
black, green, and red of the rings, represent the nations of the
world, since every national flag contains at least one of these
colours. The ceremonial embroidered flag, by the Olympic rules, must
reside in the principal municipal building of the host city until
the next Games.
The motto of the Games is “Citius, altius, fortius” (Latin —
faster, higher, braver). Officially there are individual and team
victors but no victor countries; from the very beginning of the
Games, however, the Press has made an unofficial count of the medals
won by the sportsmen of each participating country and has kept an
unofficial points score. Until Olympics in 1952 the team of the
United States dominated the Summer Games. Since the Helsinki Games,
when the USSR took part in them for the first time, competition in
all events of the programme has become keener, and one country has
ceased to dominate. The US hold on first place is being successfully
challenged by the USSR and the German Democratic Republic.
Each Olympiad the size of the Olympic Games has been growing in
the scale of competition, number of competitors, and size of the
audience watching them — live or by television. When the first
modern Games were held in Athens, the spectators numbered only
thousands; the cinema brought scenes from them to small, audiences
weeks later. Today huge stadiums accommodate tens of thousands of
spectators, while television brings the scene directly to the homes
of the whole world.
Перевод текста: The Olympic Games – Олимпийские игры (3)
Вначале Олимпийские игры были религиозным праздником древних
греков в честь Зевса и проводились в Олимпии, возле горы Олимп —
мифического жилища богов. Первые игры датируются 776 годом до н. э.
Они проводились каждые четыре года, в середине лета; главным
условием праздника было установление мира во всей Греции. Церемония
игр включала как соревнования в ораторстве, поэзии, музыке и
искусстве, так и в атлетических дисциплинах, таких как борьба,
метание копья и бег.
Олимпийские игры были исключительно мужским праздником. Женщинам
не разрешалось участвовать в Олимпийских играх и даже посещать их.
Победителей традиционно награждали венком из лавровых листьев. Игры
имели такое большое значение в греческой жизни, что Олимпиада с
четырехлетним интервалом между играми была главной единицей
греческого календаря. Быть победителем в классических Олимпийских
играх было большой честью не только для атлета, но и для его города.
Классические игры продолжались более тысячи лет. В 392 году н. э.
Игры были запрещены Римским Императором Феодосием.
В девятнадцатом столетии в связи с ростом интереса к спорту и
организацией ежегодных и традиционных спортивных соревнований,
особенно между школами и университетами, появилась идея возобновить
Олимпийские игры. Французский барон Пьер дэ Кубертен был
энтузиастом, чье личное руководство и инициатива привели к
торжественному открытию современных Олимпийских Игр в 1896 году с
участием 311 атлетов из тринадцати стран, которые соревновались в
девяти видах спорта.
Сначала в современных играх участвовали только мужчины. Женщины
впервые приняли участие в играх 1910 года, играя в гольф. Впервые
женщины приняли участие в играх только в Париже в 1924 году, когда в
программу игр включили женскую атлетику. В последних Олимпиадах
женская программа была расширена, и в 1980 году хоккей — один из
самых популярных видов спорта с участием женских команд, был
добавлен в программу московских игр.
Зимние виды спорта были введены в Олимпийскую программу благодаря
организации специальных зимних игр, проведенных во Франции, в
Шамони, в 1924 г. (хоккей на льду, скоростное катание на коньках,
фигурное катание и лыжный спорт). Это основные виды зимней
программы, помимо бобслея и гонок на санях.
Самый впечатляющий момент в церемонии открытия Игр — принятие
олимпийской присяги. Один атлет от страны, которая принимает игры,
держа за угол Олимпийский флаг, принимает присягу от имени всех
участников.
Олимпийский флаг — это пять соединенных колец на белом фоне. Пять
колец символизируют пять континентов мира и воплощают универсальное
братство. Шесть цветов (белый фон и голубой, желтый, черный, зеленый
и красный цвет колец) представляют нации мира, поскольку каждый
национальный флаг содержит как минимум один из этих цветов. Главный
флаг Олимпийских игр по правилам должен храниться в городе
проведения Олимпиады до следующих Игр.
Девиз игр — «Citius, altius, fortius» (от лат. — быстрее, выше,
сильнее). Официально отмечаются индивидуальные и командные победы,
но нет стран-победителей — так повелось с самого начала игр. Однако
пресса ведет неофициальный подсчет медалей, выигранных спортсменами
каждой страны, и представляет неофициального победителя. В
Олимпийских играх 1952 года команда Соединенных Штатов лидировала на
Летних играх. Начиная с Игр в Хельсинки, когда СССР впервые принял в
них участие, соревнования во всех видах программы стали более
увлекательными, и одна страна перестала лидировать. СССР и
Германская Демократическая Республика успешно победили США,
занимающие первое место.
С каждой Олимпиадой масштаб Олимпийских игр растет, увеличивается
и количество участников, и размер аудитории, которая смотрит их в
живую или по телевидению. Когда в Афинах проходили первые
современные игры, количество зрителей исчислялось тысячами,
киносъемка донесла до зрителей самые яркие моменты недели спустя.
Сегодня большие стадионы вмещают десятки тысяч болельщиков, а по
телевидению игры транслируют на весь мир.
In my opinion, these Games will play a very important role in the history of the Russian Federation. First of all, we can show our hospitality, our traditions and our culture to people all over the world. I know that foreigners have some stereotypes about Russia, so these Games can break them. Secondly, it will be a great opportunity for our people to communicate and make more friends among guests from different countries. That will make our international relationships stronger.
But some people claim that holding Olympic Games is not a very good idea, because the country has to invest really a great deal of money to organize the ceremonies, build stadiums, hotels and Olympic Games objects and equipment for stadiums and athletic halls.
I strongly disagree with this opinion. I believe the more you give, the better results you will have. So this money will worth it.
In conclusion, I would like to say that Russia is famous for its hospitality and “a wide soul”. I believe that this event will help us become one big family, enjoy all this time and support our country in these important competitions.
Люди начали задумываться о своем здоровье с незапамятных лет. Основной путь поддержания себя в форме – это занятия спортом. Поэтому были организованы Олимпийские Игры, которые имеют свою длинную историю. В этом году, Россия удостоена чести принимать Зимние Олимпийские Игры у себя в гостях. Так как это повлияет на нас и нашу страну?
По моему мнению, эти игры сыграют огромную роль в истории Российской Федерации. В первую очередь, мы сможем показать нашу гостеприимность, наши традиции и нашу культуру людям со всего мира. Я знаю, что иностранцы имеют некоторые стереотипы о нашей стране, так что это событие поможет их разрушить. Во-вторых, это будет замечательной возможностью для нашего народа пообщаться с людьми из разных стран и завести себе друзей среди иностранцев. Это поможет нашим международным отношениям стать сильнее.
Но некоторые считают, что проведение Олимпийских игр не очень хорошая идея, так как государству следует вкладывать огромное количество денег в организацию. В строительство стадионов, гостиниц и различных Олимпийских объектов и оборудование для стадионов и манежей.
Я категорично не соглашаюсь с этим мнением, так как считаю, что чем больше ты вкладываешь, тем больше ты получаешь. Так что все эти деньги будут стоить результата.
В заключение я бы хотела сказать, что Россия известна своей гостеприимность и «широкой душой». Я верю, что это событие поможет нам стать одним целым, насладиться этим временем и поддержать нашу сборную в этом сложном соревновании.
Традиция Олимпийских игр идет из Древней Греции. Мы знаем, что первые Олимпийские игры были проведены в городе Олимпия более 2700 лет назад. На пять дней в стране прекращались все войны и проводились спортивные состязания. Это был замечательный спортивный праздник борьбы, состязаний в беге, метания диска и других видах спорта. Игры организовывались и проводились вплоть до 393 года. Затем более чем 1700 лет об Олимпиадах ничего не было слышно. Первые современные Олимпийские игры были проведены в Афинах в 1896 году. Они проводятся каждые четыре года. Игры не проводятся в стране, которая находится в состоянии войны. Вот почему во время двух мировых войн Олимпийских иф не было. Во время Олимпийских игр проводятся соревнования и состязания по многим видам спорта. Состязания по летним видам спорта проводятся летом, во время летних Олимпийских игр. Зимние Олимпийские игры проводятся в этом же году, но в другой стране. Знаменитые спортсмены считают честью участвовать в играх. Они соревнуются в футболе, волейболе, баскетболе, боксе, тяжелой и легкой атлетике, гимнастике, гребле и многих других летних видах спорта. Во время зимних Олимпийских игр многие команды из различных стран принимают участие в соревнованиях по фигурному катанию, лыжному спорту, фристайлу, хоккею и других видах зимнего спорта. Олимпийские игры очень популярны в нашей стране. Все любители спорта смотрят игры по телевизору, а многие из них наблюдают события вживую и поддерживают свои национальные команды. Перевод на английский:
The tradition of the Olympic Games runs back to ancient Greece. We know that the first Olympic Games took place in the town of Olympia more than 2700 years ago. There was no war in the country for these five days when sports competition took place. It was a great athletic festival of wrestling, foot-racing, discus throwing and others. The Games were organized and held up to the year of 393. Then, for more than 1700 years nothing more was heard of the Olympiads. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896. They take place every fourth year. The Games cannot take place in a country which is at war. That’s why there were no Olympic Games during the two world wars. During the Olympic Games there are tournaments in many kinds of sport. Summer sports competitions take place in summer during the Summer Olympic Games. The Winter Olympic Games are held the same year but in a different country. Famous sportsmen are proud to participate in the Games. They compete in football, basketball, volleyball, boxing, weight-lifting, field athletics, gymnastics and many other kinds of sport. At the Winter Olympic Games many teams from different countries take part in competitions in figure-skating, skiing, free-style, ice-hockey and other winter sports. The Olympic Games are very popular in our country. All sports fans see the Games on TV and many of them see the events live and support their national team.
The Olympic Games are an international sports competition which are held every four years in a different city. Thousands of athletes from all over the world compete against each other in individual and team sports. Over 1 billion people watch the games on TV.
The first Olympic Games were held in Greece in 776 B.C. They were called the ancient games and lasted until the 4th century A.D. The modern games began in 1896, when the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin revived the games to bring peace and friendship to the young people all over the world.
Today, there are summer and winter games. Up to 1994 both games were held in the same year, but now they are staged two years apart from each other.
Ceremonies and symbols
The Olympic Games begin with the opening ceremony. Athletes from all the participating nations march into the stadium. Greece comes in first, because it was the first nation to hold the Olympics and the host nation comes in last.
The Olympic flag is raised and a chosen athlete lights the Olympic flame. It is a symbol of spirit, knowledge and life. The fire comes from Olympia, a small town in Greece and many runners transport the flame in a torch relay to the site of the games. It burns from the opening ceremony until the end of the games.
The Olympic rings were created in 1913 and represent the five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia and the Americas).
All athletes must take the Olympic oath. One of them has to promise that all athletes will give their best and compete in a fair way.
After each event, medals are given to the first three athletes. They receive gold, silver and bronze medals. Their flags are raised and the national anthem of the winner’s country is played.
The International Olympic Committee
The IOC is the organisation that governs the games. It decides which sports and events are held at the games. The IOC also selects the host city for the summer and winter games, at least seven years before they take place. Cities that want the games must show that • they have enough stadiums for all events • they have enough room for all the athletes • they can provide safety for the athletes • they can transport athletes and spectators from one event to another
Host cities must build an Olympic village where all athletes live during the games.
How can athletes take part?
Normally, each country decides for itself which sportsmen and –women are allowed to take part. Athletes must qualify for the games by winning or doing well in competitions before the Olympic Games start.
Athletes, who are sent to the games by their country must be a citizen of that country. For years, only amateurs were able to participate in the games, but today, most athletes are professionals, who earn their money through sport.
Most governments give their team money so that it can take part in the games.
The ancient Games
The ancient Olympic Games were celebrated at Olympia, Greece every four years. They were held in honour of the god Zeus. In the early games, only Greek men were allowed to participate. The games consisted of sports like footraces, wrestling, boxing, the pentathlon and horse racing. The last event of the games was usually a chariot race.
When the Romans conquered Greece in 140 B.C. the games started to lose their religious meaning and in 393 the Roman emperor banned the event.
The Summer Games
The Summer Games are held during the summer season of the host country. They last for 16 days. Today, there are more than 270 events during the games. Over 15,000 athletes from 190 nations take part.
The next Summer Games will be held in London (2012).
The Winter Games
The first separate Winter Games were held in Chamonix, France in 1924. They usually take place in February. Today, the Winter Olympics include over 60 events. Athletes from more than 60 countries participate.
Politics and the Olympic Games
In the past, the Olympic Games have been disturbed by political issues. In 1936 the IOC chose Berlin as the site for the 1936 Summer Games. A few years later, Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party rose to power and Hitler used the games to show Germany’s power.
In 1968 two Black American runners protested against their government and raised their fists when the American national anthem was played.
In 1980 the USA—and many other countries—didn’t send athletes to the games in Moscow because the Soviet Union had invaded Afghanistan a year before. In return, the Russians and other Communist countries refused to take part in the 1984 games in Los Angeles.
The worst day in Olympic history came on September 5th, 1972 during the Munich games. Eight Palestinian terrorists broke into the Olympic village and killed two Israeli athletes. 9 others were taken hostage. They wanted the Israeli government to set free over 400 Arab prisoners in Israel. During a battle with German policemen all hostages and the terrorists were killed.
Olympia today
The Olympic Games have become very successful over the past years. More and more people are able to watch them on TV and television stations are spending more money for the rights to broadcast the games. The IOC earns more money than ever before. With this money they help athletes in poorer countries.
Drugs have become a big problem. Some athletes take drugs before and during the games in order to help their muscles grow. When they are caught they are disqualified and their medals are taken away from them.
The Olympic Games is a worldwide famous sport event. Every four years the best sportsmen of every country united in national teams meet each other in one selected city to find out who is the strongest, fastest and the sturdiest person in the world. There are two types of these games: summer and winter ones, because all sports are conditionally divided according to seasons.
The event was first organized by the ancient Greeks at the Olympus (a residence of Greek gods) more than 2,700 years ago. Modern games are very different from the first ones and quantity of played sports changes every time depending on their popularity. Summer sports usually include synchronized swimming, volleyball, rhythmic-sportive gymnastics, pole vaulting, athletics, etc. The most popular winter sports are hockey, bobsledding, figure skating, biathlon and skiing. As it was noted before, the programme is changeable: the most popular sport stays, the less popular one disappears for some time (rugby, motor sports and golf).
The winners in every competition get gold, silver and bronze medals and every sportsman desires to win the golden award. It is a big honor for every country to be a host for Olympic Games, because this is a chance to show its power, financial capabilities and the highest hospitality to guests from other countries by means of organization, opening/closing ceremonies of event and Olympic torch relay.
Перевод
Олимпийские Игры являются всемирно известным спортивным событием. Лучшие спортсмены всех стран объединяются в команды, представляющие нации, встречаются в специально выбранном городе каждые четыре года для того чтобы выяснить, кто из них самый сильный, быстрый и выносливый. Существует два вида таких игр: зимние и летние, так как все виды спорта можно условно разделить относительно сезона.
Это мероприятие было впервые проведено Древними Греками на Олимпе (место обитания Греческих богов) более 2700 лет тому назад. Современные игры очень далеки от тех, что проводились первыми, и количество участвующих видов спорта каждый раз меняется в зависимости от их популярности. Летние виды спорта обычно включают в себя синхронное плавание, волейбол, художественная гимнастика, прыжки с шестом, атлетика и т.д. Наиболее популярными Зимними видами являются хоккей, бобслей, фигурное катание, биатлон и бег на лыжах. Как уже было отмечено ранее, программа изменчива: наиболее популярные виды спорта остаются, а менее популярные исчезают на какое-то время (регби, мотоспорт и гольф).
Победители соревнований получают золотые, серебряные и бронзовые медали и каждый спортсмен мечтает о золотой награде. Для каждой страны является большой честью принимать у себя Олимпиаду, так как это шанс показать свою мощь, финансовые возможности и высокий уровень гостеприимства по отношению к гостям из других стран с помощью организации мероприятий, церемоний открытия и закрытия игры и эстафета с Олимпийским огнем.
Стоит отметить, что официальный язык в Рио-Де-Жанейро – столице игр 2016 года, португальский, который можно выучить по Скайпу в нашей школе.
Sport and Olympic Games
M any people all over the world are interested in sport. Sport helps people to stay healthy and makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.
They have always paid great attention to sport in our schools, colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a gym or a sportsground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or swimming pools, where local or even international competitions are usually held. Traditionally, sport could be divided into professional and amateur sport.
Former Soviet Union and later Ukrainian and Russian sportsmen have set a great number of world records in gymnastics, weightlifting, tennis, swimming, running, high jumping, etc. Our sportsmen also participate in the Olympic Games and always win gold, silver and bronze medals.
The Olympic Games have long history. They started in 776 ВС in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in the Games. When the Games took place, all the wars stopped. So, the Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship.
Now, there are Summer and Winter Olympic Games. They are held separately. There are always several cities wishing to host the Games. The International Committee of Olympic Games selects the most suitable. After that, the host city starts its preparations for the competitions, constructs new sport facilities, or reconstructs them, reconstructs stadiums, hotels, press centres, etc. Thousand of athletes, journalists and guests arrive to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything.
Russia joined the Olympic movement in 1952. In 1980, Moscow hosted the twenty-second Olympic Games. The latest . Olympic Games were held in Sydney, Australia. Our sportsmen won medals in many sports. Next Olympic Games take place in Greece, the Motherland of these games.
Перевод
Спорт и Олимпийские игры
M ногие люди во всем мире интересуются спортом. Спорт помогает людям оставаться здоровыми и делает их более организованными, лучше дисциплинированными в их повседневной работе.
В наших школах, колледжах и университетах спорту всегда уделяли большое внимание. Вы едва найдете школу, где нет физкультуры или спортивных площадок. Каждый город и городок имеет несколько стадионов или плавательных бассейнов, где обычно проводятся местные или даже международные соревнования. Традиционно спорт делится на профессиональный и любительский.
Спортсмены Советского Союза, а позднее украинские и российские спортсмены установили много мировых рекордов в гимнастике, тяжелой атлетике, теннисе, плавании, беге, прыжках в высоту и т. д. Наши спортсмены участвуют в Олимпийских играх и всегда выигрывают золотые, серебряные и бронзовые медали.
У Олимпийских игр длинная история. Они начались в 776 году до н.э. в Греции и проводились в Олимпии: каждые четыре года в течение почти двенадцати столетий. Они включали в себя много различных спортивных состязаний. Все города Греции посылали своих лучших атлетов в Олимпию, чтобы соревноваться на Олимпийских играх. Во время Олимпийских игр все войны прекращались. Таким образом, Олимпийские игры стали символом мира и дружбы.
Теперь Олимпийские игры делятся на Летние и Зимние Олимпийские игры. Они проводятся отдельно. Всегда есть несколько городов, желающих стать хозяевами проведения Олимпийских игр. Международный Олимпийский комитет выбирает самый подходящий город. После этого город, в котором будут проводиться Игры, начинает свои приготовления к соревнованиям — строят новые спортивные сооружения, восстанавливают стадионы, гостиницы, пресс-центры и т. д. Тысячи атлетов, журналистов и гостей приезжают на Игры и нужно много потрудиться, чтобы всех устроить.
Россия присоединилась к Олимпийскому движению в 1952 году. В 1980 Москва принимала гостей на двадцать вторых Олимпийских играх. Последние Олимпийские игры прошли в Сиднее, Австралия. Наши спортсмены выиграли медали во многих спортивных состязаниях. Следующие Олимпийские игры пройдут в Греции, на родине этих игр.
The Olympic Games are known to us since the days of ancient Greece, whence came the expression – “in a healthy body – a healthy mind”. The Greeks paid special attention to sports and loaded themselves with physical exertion in order to always be in good physical shape in case of military actions. Sports competitions, gladiator fights, chariot competitions began to take place in the Mount Olympus. Each participant demonstrated his dexterity, courage, strength, speed.
Later, with the advent of the Romans on the territory of Greece, the Olympic Games began to be held less and less, and at the beginning of the eighth century, the authorities declared them a pagan rite and banned.
In 1894, the International Congress of Sports decided new rules for the games and, in 1896, the Olympic Games began to be held again every four years. Later the International Olympic Committee was created which selected the city for each regular game. The goal of the Olympic Games was to give every athlete the opportunity to play for his country in fair competition.
The most famous symbol of the Olympic Games is the image of five interconnected rings. Rings represent the union of five continents.
In 1928, Amsterdam first lit the Olympic flame, as a symbol of the will to win. Since then, the fire is lit before the start of each game, and it burns to the very end.
Перевод
Олимпийские игры известны нам ещё со времён Древней Греции, откуда пришло выражение – “в здоровом теле – здоровый дух”. Греки уделяли особое внимание спорту и нагружали себя физическими нагрузками, чтобы на случай военных действий всегда быть в хорошей физической форме. На горе Олимп начали устраиваться спортивные состязания, бои гладиаторов, соревнования на колесницах. Каждый участник демонстрировал свою ловкость, смелость, силу, скорость.
Позже, с появлением римлян на территории Греции, Олимпийские игры стали проводиться все реже и реже, и в начале восьмого века власти объявили их языческим обрядом и запретили.
В 1894 году году Международный спортивный конгресс постановил новые правила проведения игр и с 1896 году Олимпийские игры начали проводиться вновь через каждые четыре года. Позже был создан Международный олимпийский комитет, который выбирал город для проведения каждых очередных игр. Целью Олимпийских игр являлось дать возможность каждому спортсмену выступить за свою страну в честных состязаниях.
Самым известным символом Олимпийских игр является изображение пяти колец соединённых между собой. Кольца представляют объединение пяти континентов.
В 1928 году в Амстердаме впервые зажегся Олимпийский огонь, как символ воли к победе. С тех пор огонь зажигают перед началом каждых игр, и он горит до самого их завершения.
Ответ оставил Гость
Olympic Games
Lots of people in the world are fond of sport, because it’s not only healthy, but also spectacular and exciting. For these reason people have started the Olympic Games. They have appeared in 776 BC in Ancient Greece, where people every four years held festivals to please the ancient God Zeus. Later on the Games have disappeared and were revived in the present era, in 1896. The first modern Olympics took place in the capital of Greece, Athens. The old tradition to hold the Games every four years was also revived. So, from then on the Olympic Games took place every four years in different cities of the world. At certain times, such as Second World War, the games were forbidden. The Olympic Games are considered to be the biggest international sports games, which unite people from all over the world. There are two types of Olympic Games: Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics. Ancient Greeks didn’t have Winter Games, so the first Winter Olympics were held in 1924 in France. The official emblem of the Olympic Games is a colourful flag with five interlinked rings. The colours of the rings are blue, red, yellow, green and black, because every country in the world has at least one of these colours on their national flag. Another idea sees in each colour a certain continent, for example, blue colour symbolizes Europe, yellow- Asia, red – America, black – Africa and green – Australia. The Olympic Games have been held in many countries, and Russia is no exception. In 1980 the 22nd Olympic Games took place in Moscow, and in 2014 they took place in Sochi.
Олимпийские игры
Многие люди любят спорт, потому что это не только полезно для здоровья, но также зрелищно и захватывающе. По этой причине люди начали Олимпийские игры. Они появились в 776 году до н.э. в Древней Греции, где люди каждые четыре года проводили фестивали, чтобы угодить древнему богу Зевсу. Позже игры исчезли, и были возобновлены в нашей эре, в 1896 году. Первые современные Олимпийские игры проходили в столице Греции, Афинах. Старая традиция проводить игры каждые четыре года была также возобновлена. Итак, с тех пор, Олимпийские игры проводились каждые четыре года в различных городах мира. В определенные времена, такие как, Вторая мировая война, игры были запрещены. Олимпийские игры являются самыми крупными международными спортивными играми, которые соединяют людей со всего мира. Существует два вида Олимпийских игр: Летние игры и Зимние игры. У древних греков не было зимних игр, поэтому первые Зимние Олимпийские игры были в 1924-м году, во Франции. Официальной эмблемой Олимпийских игр является разноцветный флаг с пятью связанными друг с другом кольцами. Цвета колец синий, красный, желтый, зеленый и черный, так как каждая страна в мире имеет по крайне мере один из этих цветов на своем национальном флаге. Другая идея видит каждый цвет как определенный континент, например, синий цвет, символизирует Европу, желтый – Азию, красный – Америку, черный – Африку и зеленый – Австралию. Олимпийские игры проводились во многих странах, и Россия не исключение. В 1980-м году 22-ые Олимпийские игры проводились в Москве, а в 2014-м году были в Сочи.
После ознакомления с содержанием Топика ( Сочинения ) по теме “Спорт” Советуем каждому из вас обратить внимание на дополнительные материалы. Большинство из наших топиков содержат дополнительные вопросы по тексту и наиболее интересные слова текста. Отвечая на не сложные вопросы по тексту вы сможете максимально осмыслить содержание Топика ( Сочинения ) и если вам необходимо написать собственное Сочинение по теме “Спорт” у вас возникнет минимум сложностей.
Если у вас возникают вопросы по прочтению отдельных слов вы можете дважды нажать на непонятное слово и в нижнем левом углу в форме перевода есть отдельная кнопка которая позволит вам услышать непосредственно произношение слова. Или также вы можете пройти к разделу Правила Чтения Английского Языка и найти ответ на возникший вопрос.
Sports and Olympic Games
Many people all over the world are interested in sport. Sport helps people to stay healthy and makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.
They have always paid great attention to sport in our schools, colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a gym or a sportsground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or swimming pools, where local or even international competitions are usually held. Traditionally, sport could be divided into professional and amateur sport.
Former Soviet Union and later Ukrainian and Russian sportsmen have set a great number of world records in gymnastics, weightlifting, tennis, swimming, running, high jumping, etc. Our sportsmen also participate in the Olympic Games and always win gold, silver and bronze medals.
The Olympic Games have long history. They started in 776 ВС in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in the Games. When the Games took place, all the wars stopped. So, the Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship.
Now, there are Summer and Winter Olympic Games. They are held separately. There are always several cities wishing to host the Games. The International Committee of Olympic Games selects the most suitable. After that, the host city starts its preparations for the competitions, constructs new sport facilities, or reconstructs them, reconstructs stadiums, hotels, press centres, etc. Thousand of athletes, journalists and guests arrive to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything.
Russia joined the Olympic movement in 1952. In 1980, Moscow hosted the twenty-second Olympic Games. The latest . Olympic Games were held in Sydney, Australia. Our sportsmen won medals in many sports. Next Olympic Games take place in Greece, the Motherland of these games.
Спорт и Олимпийские игры
Многие люди во всем мире интересуются спортом. Спорт помогает людям оставаться здоровыми и делает их более организованными, лучше дисциплинированными в их повседневной работе.
В наших школах, колледжах и университетах спорту всегда уделяли большое внимание. Вы едва найдете школу, где нет физкультуры или спортивных площадок. Каждый город и городок имеет несколько стадионов или плавательных бассейнов, где обычно проводятся местные или даже международные соревнования. Традиционно спорт делится на профессиональный и любительский.
Спортсмены Советского Союза, а позднее украинские и российские спортсмены установили много мировых рекордов в гимнастике, тяжелой атлетике, теннисе, плавании, беге, прыжках в высоту и т. д. Наши спортсмены участвуют в Олимпийских играх и всегда выигрывают золотые, серебряные и бронзовые медали.
У Олимпийских игр длинная история. Они начались в 776 году до н.э. в Греции и проводились в Олимпии: каждые четыре года в течение почти двенадцати столетий. Они включали в себя много различных спортивных состязаний. Все города Греции посылали своих лучших атлетов в Олимпию, чтобы соревноваться на Олимпийских играх. Во время Олимпийских игр все войны прекращались. Таким образом, Олимпийские игры стали символом мира и дружбы.
Теперь Олимпийские игры делятся на Летние и Зимние Олимпийские игры. Они проводятся отдельно. Всегда есть несколько городов, желающих стать хозяевами проведения Олимпийских игр. Международный Олимпийский комитет выбирает самый подходящий город. После этого город, в котором будут проводиться Игры, начинает свои приготовления к соревнованиям — строят новые спортивные сооружения, восстанавливают стадионы, гостиницы, пресс-центры и т. д. Тысячи атлетов, журналистов и гостей приезжают на Игры и нужно много потрудиться, чтобы всех устроить.
Россия присоединилась к Олимпийскому движению в 1952 году. В 1980 Москва принимала гостей на двадцать вторых Олимпийских играх. Последние Олимпийские игры прошли в Сиднее, Австралия. Наши спортсмены выиграли медали во многих спортивных состязаниях. Следующие Олимпийские игры пройдут в Греции, на родине этих игр.
Questions:
1. Why do many people like sport?
2. How could sport be traditionally divided into?
3. When did the Olympic Games start?
4. What happened in Greece when the Olympic Games started there?
5. When did Russia join the Olympic movement?
6. When did Moscow host the twenty-second Olympic Games?
7. When and where do the next Olympic Games take place?
Vocabulary:
healthy — здоровый; полезный t
to discipline — дисциплинировать; тренировать, упражнять
to pay (past paid, p.p. paid) attention — обратить внимание
hardly — едва
gym —разг.; сокр. от gymnasium — спортивный зал
competition — спорт, соревнование, встреча, состязание
amateur — любитель; поклонник
weightlif ting — тяжелая атлетика
to participate — участвовать, принимать участие
to include — включать
to compete — состязаться, соперничать
peace — мир
separately — отдельно, раздельно
to host — принимать гостей; выступать в роли хозяина, принимающей стороны
suitable — подходящий, пригодный, соответствующий
guest — гость
to arrive — прибывать
to arrange — устраивать(ся), организовывать, подготавливать; принимать меры
The Olympic Games are one of the most spectacular reminders of the debt we owe to the Greeks.
The original Olympic Games were held every four years in honour of Zeus, the supreme god of Greek religion. The first record of the games dates from 776 B.C., but it is certain that they existed prior to that. They were held continuously for over 1.000 years until they were abolished in the reign of King Theodosius about 392 A.D. The Olympic festival was a great unifying bond between the Independent city-states of Greece.
The important sports in the original Olympic Games were running, jumping, wrestling, throwing the discus and throwing the javelin. Only men competed and they wore no clothes in order to have greater freedom of movement. Each competitor had to take the Olympic Oath – a promise to behave in a sportsman-like fashion.
The modern Olympic era began in 1894 when Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin decided to revive the ancient Greek tradition of celebrating health, youth and peace with a sports festival. Baron de Coubertin created the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the first modem Olympiad took place in Athens in 1896. Since then the Olympic Games have been held every four years with only two exceptions because of the two world wars.
Even though the modern Olympic Games embrace the whole world, the connection with Greece is still very strong. A lighted torch is brought all the way from Greece, carried by a relay of runners, in order to light the Olympic Flame which bums all through the Games. As in ancient Greek times, the competitors still take the Olympic Oath. The long-distance race is still called the Marathon. Marathon was a village about 26 miles from Athens. In the year 490 BC the Greeks defeated a powerful Persian army at that spot. After the fierce day’s fighting a soldier volunteered to bring news of the victory to the anxious citizens of Athens. He ran all the way and after gasping out the message. “Rejoice, we conquer!” he collapsed and died.
One important rule of the Olympic Games is that the competitors must be amateurs. This rule has been under a lot of pressure in recent years because modem sport is so professional and competitive. Athletes train for years to take part in the Olympics and some countries spend much more than others on equipment and facilities. But despite these pressures, the amateur rule remains.
In modern times the Olympic movement has become an enormous and expensive organisation, It’s controlled by the International Olympic Committee, which consists of members from all the participating countries. The IOC is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It chooses the locations of both summer and winter games (both take place once very four years, with winter games half a year before summer Olympiads). It also controls the rules of the competitions and selects new Olympic sports. The famous flag of the IOC shows five rings of different colours linked together. The rings represent the five continents.
Написание сочинения по английскому языку, готовые эссе
Источник: https://5-ege.ru/napisanie-sochineniya-po-anglijskomu-yazyku/
Используйте формальный стиль письма:
не пользуйтесь сокращениями (don’t, can’t, I’m, it’s),
не используйте скобки или восклицательные знаки — это свойственно неформальному стилю письма;
не начинайте предложения со слов and, but или also; в разговорном языке вы можете их использовать, но избегайте этого в сочинении;
не употребляйте вводные слова, характерные для неформального стиля (well, to tell the truth и др.);
избегайте слишком простых предложений; объединяйте их в сложные, используя логические средства связи.
Разделите текст на смысловые абзацы в соответствии с предложенным в задании планом.
В первом абзаце сформулируйте проблему, которую вы будете обсуждать, однако не повторяйте тему сочинения слово в слово. Представьте, что ваш читатель не знает, о чем пойдет речь, и попытайтесь объяснить ему проблему другими словами.
Выделите положительные и отрицательные стороны проблемы, подумайте о разумных аргументах, в поддержку обеих точек зрения. Помните, что вы должны выразить не только свою точку зрения, но и противоположную. Также не забудьте объяснить, почему вы не согласны с другой точкой зрения. Старайтесь соблюдать баланс между абзацами.
Используйте слова-связки, чтобы помочь читателю проследить за логикой ваших рассуждений. Помните, что вводные слова выделяются запятыми.
В последнем абзаце сделайте обобщающий вывод по данной проблеме. Вы можете также окончательно сформулировать свое мнение или предложить пути решения данной проблемы.
Структура по частям:
Заголовок — название эссе, которое отражает тему повествования.
Введение — 2-4 коротких предложения, которые раскрывают тему эссе.
Основная часть — 2-3 абзаца, которые описывают суть сочинения. Максимально полно и грамотно раскройте тему, приведите доводы и аргументируйте их.
Заключение — 2-4 предложения, которые подводят итог. Общий вывод по теме.
В основной части сочинения все абзацы начинаются с вводного предложения (Topic Sentence) – введения. Далее мысль Topic Sentence развивается и подтверждается.
Объем сочинения должен составлять 200-250 слов. При этом артикль – это тоже слово, поэтому не слишком увлекайтесь с развитием идей, постарайтесь удержаться в заданных рамках.
Клише для сочинений
Выражения мнения:
I agree/ disagree
In my opinion, … / From my point of view, … / As far as I am concerned, …
I believe that…/ It seems to me that…
I am in favour of… / I am against the idea of…
According to…
Some people say that…
It is said/believed that…
There is no doubt that…
It cannot be denied that…
It goes without saying that…
We must admit that…
Представление аргументов:
The main argument against/in favour is…
First of all, I would like to consider…
The first thing I would like to consider is…
To begin with, …/ To start with, …
Despite the fact that…/ In spite of the fact that…
On the one hand, … /On the other hand, …
Besides,…/ In addition,…
What is more, …/ Moreover, …/ More than that, …
Finally, …
However, … / …, though
…although…
Nevertheless,…
Логические связки:
for this reason
therefore/that is why
thus something happened because of/as a result of/owing to/due to/as a consequence of
Примеры:
For example
For instance
Such as
Like
Заключение:
To sum up, …
To conclude, I would argue that…
On this basis, I can conclude that…
In conclusion, I would like to stress that…
All in all, I believe that…
Готовые эссе (примеры сочинений)
Единый язык для всей планеты. За и против.
No doubt that learning languages takes up a lot of time. That is why some people think that it would be better to have only one language on our planet. But will it be really beneficial for mankind?
In my opinion, the reduction of the number of languages is a disaster because it will totally destroy our great cultural heritage. With each loss of a language comes a loss of a culture, a loss of a way of life that deserves to be protected and treated as valuable. I also believe that leaving one language for communication will greatly reduce the linguistic diversity of our planet, which is the key to our survival. What is more, it will be rather difficult to choose which language to use and it may even lead to wars.
Many people think that if we have only one language, communication will become easier and there will be no need to learn foreign languages. I cannot agree with them because knowledge of foreign languages makes a person educated and well rounded. You cannot broaden your mind if you see the world only from the perspective of your own culture. Besides, people are a lot more helpful if you speak their language.
In conclusion, I would argue that we should try our best to preserve the linguistic diversity of our planet. I think that larger cultures should have a respect for minority languages, but first of all the younger generation must want to preserve their native language.
Животные в зоопарке. Как вы к этому относитесь. Справедливо ли это
There are a lot of zoos in the world and millions of people visit them every year. But are zoos harmful or helpful to animals which are caged there?
I strongly believe that we should not keep animals in zoos because captivity is not natural for them and it is a constant stress to a wild animal. Keeping animals in zoos harms them by denying them freedom of movement and association. What is more, zoos are like prisons for animals as they live in small cages and do not get necessary food. In addition, animals become very aggressive and unpredictable as they get older and often attack zoo keepers and other people.
However, most people think that zoos help endangered species survive. But this is not true because most rare animals are extremely difficult to breed in captivity. Besides, in zoos, it is almost impossible to meet the animals’ natural needs. Another argument for keeping animals in zoos is that people learn something new about these animals. Actually, zoos do not teach us much because animals do not act the way they would in the wild. I think we can learn more about animals by watching wildlife programs on TV.
In conclusion, I would argue that zoos do not seem to help endangered species and keeping animals behind bars only for the sake of our entertainment is not quite fair. In my opinion, people must create nature reserves, where wild animals will be able to live in their natural environment.
Запрещение машин в центрах больших городов. За или против
There is no doubt that the invention of the car changed the world and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Nevertheless, some people are against cars, especially in the centers of big cities.
In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Finally, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks. However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.
To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.
Изучение иностранного языка – лучшее, что может быть, изучать его в стране, где на нем разговаривают. Согласны ли вы
Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks. Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.
It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.
To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practise a language but not to study it.
Иностранные языки. Сейчас в школах изучают по 2-3 языка. За и против
Most people understand that without knowledge of foreign languages it is difficult to survive in the modern world. Therefore they send their children to schools where they can study two or even three foreign languages. However, is it good to study several languages simultaneously? On the one hand, foreign languages are the main part of our culture so they help us to expand our outlook. We cannot broaden our minds if we see the world only from the perspective of our own culture. In addition, learning languages is a good exercise for the intellect. Moreover, if pupils know at least one foreign language, they learn new languages much faster. On the other hand, many pupils find it confusing to learn two or three languages at a time, especially languages that are similar, because children usually mix up lots of words. Besides, some languages are tricky enough to learn. For example, in English there are more exceptions than rules. In this case, children can be overloaded with homework. More than that, some pupils do not know their native language well and learning several foreign languages could prevent them from mastering their own language.
In conclusion, I want to say that learning languages is extremely beneficial and I would like to know different foreign languages. However, I believe children should not learn too many languages at the same time so as not to get confused. They ought to get a solid base in one language before they start learning a new one. 16. Интернет. За и против We live in the age of information technology and nowadays the Internet is nearly as common as the telephone. No doubt that it is a unique invention, which has influenced all areas of our lives. However, some people consider the Internet one of the greatest evils of our time. On the one hand, the Internet is very useful, because it lets us access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. In addition, with the Internet, it is now possible to speak to friends and relatives any-where in the world cheaply and quickly. Other services are also available through the Internet such as booking tickets or buying things. Moreover, the Internet allows a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements and makes it easier to find a job. On the other hand, the Internet can become a disaster for our society, because people spend hours in front of their computers and neglect their everyday duties. Another worry is the activities of cybercriminals. For example, hackers can steal your money or even your property while cyber terrorists may ‘attack’ the world’s computers, causing chaos, and making planes and trains crash. What is more, leaders of different terrorist or oppositional organizations can use the Internet to find new followers.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that despite the criticisms by some and the fears of others, the Internet seems to have changed our world to the better and we must try to make the best use of it.
Клонирование. За и против
Recent advances in genetic biology have led us to quite a doubtful situation. People all over the world argue whether human cloning research should be controlled by the government as solving problems connected with human cloning is definitely not a piece of cake. In my opinion, human cloning experiments are extremely dangerous because there are huge risks of abnormalities in human clones. Moreover, if clones have been made, they will obviously have serious psychological problems connected with their unusual birth. Finally, there is no doubt that human cloning will change our perception of what is the value of a human life as we might change from having children to manufacturing them. However, scientists claim that human cloning could be very beneficial as therapeutic cloning could provide stem cells for regenerative medicine and tissues for transplantation. Besides, re-productive cloning will probably give parents who are both infertile an opportunity to have children. I am afraid that this technology is not safe enough to use on humans. It is also possible that clones will age quicker since the cell used in the cloning procedure has already been used in a real life individual.
To sum up, we must question whether human cloning is really worth it when weighed against the problems it raises. From my point of view, human reproductive cloning should be under the tight control of the government and the UN because it is dangerous to interfere with nature and the consequences can be really disastrous.
Книги или компьютеры. Кто победит в будущем
The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes. But will they be able to replace printed books? In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information. Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts. On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.
To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.
Компьютерные игры. За и против
People have always had different hobbies but technological progress has caused the appearance of computers and computer games, which can keep a child occupied for hours. However, adults consider computer games a complete waste of time. As for me, I believe computer games are more than mindless entertainment. To begin with, computer games can teach people to achieve their aims as they regularly put obstacles and traps in the way of players which are necessary to overcome in order to progress through the rest of the game. Additionally, computer games can be a valuable source of accidental learning that can be applied to school, home, and social events. Moreover, teachers have also started to appreciate educational games as an opportunity to make their lessons more exciting. Nevertheless, quite a few people are against this activity as they find it rather addictive and harmful for children’s health. They argue that computer games make students neglect their school work. However, if we learn to control our computer use and play games for an hour just to relax after a hard day at school, this will not do us any harm. What is more, modern technology made it possible to eliminate the bad effect of computers on our eyes.
To sum up, I believe that computer games have more advantages than drawbacks. They make us persistent, develop our logical reasoning and help us to escape from everyday problems. The thing is to find a right balance between virtual reality and everyday reality.
Космос. За и против исследований в космосе
Space exploration can mean a major leap for mankind. However, it is often criticized because the price for these space experiments is too high, especially while poverty still exists in many parts of the world. On the one hand, space research is extremely beneficial as it advances technology. As a result of this work, we have lots of inventions, which have made our lives much more comfortable. In addition, through the exploration of space, we could find new elements, minerals or even discover new laws of physics and eventually learn more about ourselves. What is more, space exploration will allow us to establish a human civilization on another planet as a hedge against the catastrophe that might occur on the Earth. On the other hand, the benefits of space exploration are not self-evident, no matter how real they are. It costs billions of dollars to fund the projects of space science whereas this money should rather be spent on meeting the needs of the underprivileged. Besides, some of the technology we develop through space science can be used in a destructive manner if it is in the wrong hands. Finally, a travel to space can be dangerous as we may discover something that is extremely harmful for the living beings on Earth.
To conclude, I want to say that space exploration satisfies the human desire for adventure therefore most people are interested in space research. Nevertheless, I believe our governments should find the right balance between social and space programs.
Автомобили. За и против
There is no doubt that the invention of the car completely changed the way people thought about travelling causing the development of many other means of transport. However, the draw-backs of cars make people think that we should stop using them. In my opinion, cars are necessary in today’s world. To begin with, they help us transport goods to places that cannot be reached by other means of transport. In addition, cars are the main way of transportation for people who live far from their workplaces, especially now when public transport is frequently lacking. It is even more difficult to use public transport if you have children with you or heavy goods to carry. Finally, cars are the best way of travelling because you need not buy tickets and you can stop wherever you like. Nevertheless, cars are often criticized because they cause air pollution. Another argument against using cars is that people are turning into legless creatures and inactivity leads to serious diseases. I cannot agree with these views because nowadays all cars are to be equipped with special control systems to reduce their exhaust fumes and new environmentally friendly cars are being developed. Moreover, with cars, people have better opportunities to reach sports facilities and therefore spend more time doing sports.
To sum up, I would argue that although cars have certain disadvantages people would not be able to survive without them. However, I believe that we should improve cars to lower their harmful influence on people’s health.
Богатые — только они успешные. Согласны ли вы?
Does one’s success depend on the amount of money a person earns? This question has always worried people and the answer to it is not simple. In my opinion, being rich does not necessarily mean that you are successful. First of all, if you only work for money, you will not get satisfaction from your job. What is more, while making your fortune, you may not have enough time for your family so you are bound to have problems in family relationship. Finally, lots of money can worsen your character because rich people are often greedy and arrogant so you are unlikely to have any true friends. Unfortunately, most people view success in terms of money. They believe money will bring happiness because they will be able to buy luxurious things, travel around the world and realize their dreams. However, there are a lot of millionaires with personal problems and they are often very unhappy. You can buy houses and cars but money will not help you to buy love, friendship and good health, which are the most valuable things in life. What is more, being wealthy is often a powerful predictor that people spend less time doing pleasurable things and therefore feel stressed.
In conclusion, I would argue that being rich is not the only way of being successful in life. From my point of view, it is more important to have an interesting job, good friends and a happy family. Other people make you happy, not money!
Будущее. Больше плохо будет или хорошего. Ваше мнение
People have always been intrigued of what the future will look like. That is why there are a lot of futuristic books and films, both optimistic and pessimistic. But what does the real future holds for us? Will life in the future be better, worse or the same as now? As for me, I am optimistic about the future. We have already seen major technological advances over the last fifty years and the next fifty years are going to be equally exciting. For example, in fifty years’ time scientists will have created robots that will be doing all dangerous and difficult jobs. In addition, medicine technology will have conquered many diseases including AIDS and
cancer. As for entertainment, I believe we will get it from the Internet and television will probably disappear. However, some people feel pessimistic about our future. They worry about the activity of terrorists and the possibility of nuclear wars. Another problem is our environment, which is in a sorry state. I am sure that people will be able control their weapons because everybody understands what disastrous consequences nuclear wars may have. We will also take care of our environment and in the future people will drive petrol-free cars, drink purified water and recycle their rubbish.
To sum up, I believe that we will finally solve all our problems and will live happily. History shows that people can make the right choices. That’s a good reason to be optimistic about science and humanity.
Внешний вид. Многие представители молодежи уделяют очень много внимания внешности, взрослые против этого. Ваше мнение
What people wear says a lot about who they are and what they do. It is not surprising that teenagers are so concerned about their clothes. However, their parents think that following fashion is a waste of time. From my point of view, it is important to look smart and attractive. We cannot go through life with the same hairstyle or make-up. I believe it is also necessary for teenagers to follow fashion. When you are up with fashion, you feel confident. Nevertheless, I feel that looking clean and tidy is even more important than looking stylish. What is more, everyone should find their own style to express their individuality. I hate when people dress alike. As for me, I prefer hand-made or designer clothes and try to look stylish. Many adults do not understand why teens spend so much time and money on their clothes. Moreover, they are often quite old-fashioned and do not accept modern trends in clothing. They say that fashion comes and goes but classical style remains: I cannot agree with them because teenage fashion is quite specific. Nobody likes to dress in styles that are too old for them, and it is no fun being teased because of it.
In conclusion, I would argue that modern lifestyle forces us to look stylish because people judge us by our clothes. It is especially important in business where your look can actually make or lose you money. Therefore I think we should learn how to look nice.
Все школьные предметы одинаково важны. Согласны ли вы с этим
People have various preferences so it is natural that school students want to study the subjects they are interested in. Yet many teachers are against this, arguing that students must learn all subjects equally. In my opinion, students should be allowed to choose the subjects they want to study because in this case they will probably be more enthusiastic about their school work. In addition, if students are forced to study all subjects obligatorily, they can easily lose interest in education. What is more, if all subjects are compulsory for studying, students will not have enough time to learn all of them properly therefore they will be constantly under a lot of pressure. On the other hand, most teachers believe their subject is of great importance and they will not let it be optional. Moreover, teachers claim that students must be well rounded so they need to study all subjects equally. I am afraid, however, that when we learn a variety of subjects, we get very poor knowledge and we are not able to get an idea of what our interests are. Besides, some subjects can be of no use for us in the future and we will forget everything we learned at school.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that being free to choose what to study is an effective form of education. Nevertheless, I must admit that we should not completely reject all the other subjects. Instead, teachers must find an easier form of teaching them.
Генетически измененное продовольствие. За или против
Genetically modified crops have made a big splash in the news lately. For example, in Honduras farmers are encouraged to produce genetically modified (GM) crops although many people dispute about harmful effects of genetic technologies.
On the one hand, genetic technology is one of the best solutions to the problem of world hunger. GM crops are faster and cheaper to grow therefore it will be possible to increase production and lower the cost of food. Besides, these crops could be grown in areas suffering from drought and salt. More than that, many people rely on genetically modified foods for medicines, for example insulin for diabetics. On the other hand, there is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may have an unexpected and negative impact on human health, for instance, it may create a new allergen and cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. In addition, since some crops are modified using the DNA from viruses and bacteria, we may encounter new diseases. Moreover, GM crops may also pose a health risk to animals that eat them as they may be poisoned by built-in pesticides.
In conclusion, I would like to say that many people feel that genetic engineering is the inevitable wave of the future and that we cannot afford to ignore a technology that has such enormous potential benefits. However, we must proceed with caution to avoid causing unintended harm to human health and the environment as a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology.
Граффити. За и против
Art has lots of different forms. However, its evaluation has become especially problematic since the twentieth century when controversial art forms such as graffiti became popular. Although graffiti is often regarded as a new form of art worthy of display in galleries, its value is still highly contested. On the one hand, works produced by graffiti artists demonstrate a broad spectrum of personal and cultural expression therefore it is the way for people to express their talent. In addition, graffiti like any other art work takes vision, planning as well as lots of efforts. What is more, in many ways viewing graffiti art is very much like viewing contemporary art in a gallery and it is appreciated by many people. On the other hand, graffiti is often seen as vandalism because instead of canvas graffiti artists choose train cars, bridges or public walls, which makes our cities look really ugly and run-down. Moreover, most of the graffiti you see on walls is a collection of swear words, gang names or just silly drawings. For many people graffiti is often associated with crime and violence.
To sum up, graffiti can be called an art form as long as artists get permission from those whose property might be used as canvas. In my opinion, people paint on public things because they have nowhere else to express their talent. I strongly believe city authorities should create special places for graffiti artists where all people will be able to appreciate this wonderful art form.
иеты. Что вы делаете, чтобы оставаться в форме
Nowadays many people think they are too fat even if their doctors disagree. They think the best way to improve their fitness is following a diet. But is dieting really so effective and healthy? On the one hand, if you want to lose weight it is very important to keep your eye on what you eat. To begin with, you should cut out snacks and desserts, which add weight without boosting energy levels. Besides, you ought to cut down on fat as it is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity. Finally, you may count the number of calories you eat every day, which may substantially re-duce the amount of food you eat and help to lose weight.
On the other hand, strict dieting may be dangerous. Firstly, the lower the calories eaten per day, the harder it is to get the daily requirements of proteins and vitamins. In addition, excessive dieting causes muscle loss and this loss may be from your heart with severe consequences. Moreover, dieting lowers your metabolic rate, so when you return to your normal food intake, you will put on weight even faster than before.
To conclude, I believe that to stay healthy everybody should follow a sensible, well-balanced diet that gives their body exactly what it needs. However, I think the best way of keeping fit is doing sports. If you do regular exercise, you can eat and drink whatever you want because you are burning it all off.
Запрещение машин в центрах больших городов. За или против
There is no doubt that the invention of the car changed the world and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Nevertheless, some people are against cars, especially in the centers of big cities.
In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Finally, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks. However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.
To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.
Изучение иностранного языка – лучшее, что может быть, изучать его в стране, где на нем разговаривают. Согласны ли вы
Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks. Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.
It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.
To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practise a language but not to study it.
Сочинения по английскому языку:
Sports and Olympic Games – Спорт и Олимпийские игры
Many people all over the world are interested in sport. Sport
helps people to stay healthy and makes them more organized and
better disciplined in their daily activities.
They have always paid great attention to sport in our schools,
colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a
gym or a sportsground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or
swimming pools, where local or even international competitions are
usually held. Traditionally, sport could be divided into
professional and amateur sport.
Former Soviet Union and later Ukrainian and Russian sportsmen
have set a great number of world records in gymnastics,
weightlifting, tennis, swimming, running, high jumping, etc. Our
sportsmen also participate in the Olympic Games and always win gold,
silver and bronze medals.
The Olympic Games have long history. They started in 776 ВС in
Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries
at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports. All the
cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in
the Games. When the Games took place, all the wars stopped. So, the
Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship.
Now, there are Summer and Winter Olympic Games. They are held
separately. There are always several cities wishing to host the
Games. The International Committee of Olympic Games selects the most
suitable. After that, the host city starts its preparations for the
competitions, constructs new sport facilities, or reconstructs them,
reconstructs stadiums, hotels, press centres, etc. Thousand of
athletes, journalists and guests arrive to the Games, and it takes
great efforts to arrange everything.
Russia joined the Olympic movement in 1952. In 1980, Moscow
hosted the twenty-second Olympic Games. The latest . Olympic Games
were held in Sydney, Australia. Our sportsmen won medals in many
sports. Next Olympic Games take place in Greece, the Motherland of
these games.
Перевод текста: Sports and Olympic Games – Спорт и Олимпийские
игры
Многие люди во всем мире интересуются спортом. Спорт помогает
людям оставаться здоровыми и делает их более организованными, лучше
дисциплинированными в их повседневной работе.
В наших школах, колледжах и университетах спорту всегда уделяли
большое внимание. Вы едва найдете школу, где нет физкультуры или
спортивных площадок. Каждый город и городок имеет несколько
стадионов или плавательных бассейнов, где обычно проводятся местные
или даже международные соревнования. Традиционно спорт делится на
профессиональный и любительский.
Спортсмены Советского Союза, а позднее украинские и российские
спортсмены установили много мировых рекордов в гимнастике, тяжелой
атлетике, теннисе, плавании, беге, прыжках в высоту и т. д. Наши
спортсмены участвуют в Олимпийских играх и всегда выигрывают
золотые, серебряные и бронзовые медали.
У Олимпийских игр длинная история. Они начались в 776 году до
н.э. в Греции и проводились в Олимпии: каждые четыре года в течение
почти двенадцати столетий. Они включали в себя много различных
спортивных состязаний. Все города Греции посылали своих лучших
атлетов в Олимпию, чтобы соревноваться на Олимпийских играх. Во
время Олимпийских игр все войны прекращались. Таким образом,
Олимпийские игры стали символом мира и дружбы.
Теперь Олимпийские игры делятся на Летние и Зимние Олимпийские
игры. Они проводятся отдельно. Всегда есть несколько городов,
желающих стать хозяевами проведения Олимпийских игр. Международный
Олимпийский комитет выбирает самый подходящий город. После этого
город, в котором будут проводиться Игры, начинает свои приготовления
к соревнованиям — строят новые спортивные сооружения,
восстанавливают стадионы, гостиницы, пресс-центры и т. д. Тысячи
атлетов, журналистов и гостей приезжают на Игры и нужно много
потрудиться, чтобы всех устроить.
Россия присоединилась к Олимпийскому движению в 1952 году. В 1980
Москва принимала гостей на двадцать вторых Олимпийских играх.
Последние Олимпийские игры прошли в Сиднее, Австралия. Наши
спортсмены выиграли медали во многих спортивных состязаниях.
Следующие Олимпийские игры пройдут в Греции, на родине этих игр.
Сочинение на тему : « Олимпийские игры » на английском с переводом
Ответы:
Olympic Games
Lots of people in the world are fond of sport, because it’s not only healthy, but also spectacular and exciting. For these reason people have started the Olympic Games. They have appeared in 776 BC in Ancient Greece, where people every four years held festivals to please the ancient God Zeus. Later on the Games have disappeared and were revived in the present era, in 1896. The first modern Olympics took place in the capital of Greece, Athens. The old tradition to hold the Games every four years was also revived. So, from then on the Olympic Games took place every four years in different cities of the world. At certain times, such as Second World War, the games were forbidden. The Olympic Games are considered to be the biggest international sports games, which unite people from all over the world. There are two types of Olympic Games: Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics. Ancient Greeks didn’t have Winter Games, so the first Winter Olympics were held in 1924 in France. The official emblem of the Olympic Games is a colourful flag with five interlinked rings. The colours of the rings are blue, red, yellow, green and black, because every country in the world has at least one of these colours on their national flag. Another idea sees in each colour a certain continent, for example, blue colour symbolizes Europe, yellow- Asia, red – America, black – Africa and green – Australia. The Olympic Games have been held in many countries, and Russia is no exception. In 1980 the 22nd Olympic Games took place in Moscow, and in 2014 they took place in Sochi.
Олимпийские игры
Многие люди любят спорт, потому что это не только полезно для здоровья, но также зрелищно и захватывающе. По этой причине люди начали Олимпийские игры. Они появились в 776 году до н.э. в Древней Греции, где люди каждые четыре года проводили фестивали, чтобы угодить древнему богу Зевсу. Позже игры исчезли, и были возобновлены в нашей эре, в 1896 году. Первые современные Олимпийские игры проходили в столице Греции, Афинах. Старая традиция проводить игры каждые четыре года была также возобновлена. Итак, с тех пор, Олимпийские игры проводились каждые четыре года в различных городах мира. В определенные времена, такие как, Вторая мировая война, игры были запрещены. Олимпийские игры являются самыми крупными международными спортивными играми, которые соединяют людей со всего мира. Существует два вида Олимпийских игр: Летние игры и Зимние игры. У древних греков не было зимних игр, поэтому первые Зимние Олимпийские игры были в 1924-м году, во Франции. Официальной эмблемой Олимпийских игр является разноцветный флаг с пятью связанными друг с другом кольцами. Цвета колец синий, красный, желтый, зеленый и черный, так как каждая страна в мире имеет по крайне мере один из этих цветов на своем национальном флаге. Другая идея видит каждый цвет как определенный континент, например, синий цвет, символизирует Европу, желтый – Азию, красный – Америку, черный – Африку и зеленый – Австралию. Олимпийские игры проводились во многих странах, и Россия не исключение. В 1980-м году 22-ые Олимпийские игры проводились в Москве, а в 2014-м году были в Сочи.
Сочинения по английскому языку:
The Olympic Games – Олимпийские игры (3)
The Olympic Games were originally an ancient Greek religious
festival in honour of Zeus, held in Olympia near Mount Olympus, the
mythical home of the gods. The initial date for the beginning of the
Games was 776 В. С. They were held every four years, in the middle
of the summer; the main condition of the festival was that there
should be peace throughout Greece. The ceremonies included contests
in oratory, poetry, music, and art, as well as in athletic skills
like wrestling, throwing the javelin, and running.
The Olympic Games were an exclusively male festival, open to
young men from all the Greek cities. Women were not allowed to
compete in the Olympic Games, or even to attend and watch them. The
victors were traditionally crowned with olive leaves rather than
with gold medals. Their importance in Greek life was so great that
the Olympiad, the four-year interval between Games, was a main unit
of the Hellenic calendar. To be a victor in the classical Olympic
Games was a great honour not only for the athlete but for his city.
The classical Games continued for over a thousand years. The
Games were suppressed by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in A. D. 392.
With growth of interest in sport in the nineteenth century and
the organization of annual and traditional sporting contests,
especially between schools and universities, the idea arose of
reviving the Olympic Games in the modern world. A Frenchman, Baron
Pierre de Coubertin, was the enthusiast whose personal drive and
initiative brought about the inauguration of the modern Olympic
Games in 1896 with the participation of 311 athletes from thirteen
countries, competing in nine sports.
At first the modern Games were limited to men. Women first
competed in the Games in 1910, playing golf. The first womens
participation only began in Paris in 1924 with the inclusion of
women’s athletics in the programme. In recent Olympiads the women’s
programme has been greatly extended and in 1980 yet another event —
hockey, one of the most popular of girls team games was added to the
programme of the Moscow Games.
Winter sports were brought into the Olympic programme through the
organization of special Winter Games, first held in France at
Chamonix in 1924, with competitions in ice hockey, speedskating,
figure skating, and skiing. These are still the basic events of the
winter programme, with the addition of bobsleigh and toboggan races,
and ice hockey.
The most impressive moment in the opening ceremony of the Games
is the taking of the Olympic oaths. First a representative athlete
from the host country, holding a corner of the Olympic flag, takes
the following oath on behalf of all the participants.
The Olympic flag has a motif of five interlocking rings on a
white background. The five rings represent the five inhabited
continents of the world and symbolize universal brotherhood. The
six colours, the white of the background and the blue, yellow,
black, green, and red of the rings, represent the nations of the
world, since every national flag contains at least one of these
colours. The ceremonial embroidered flag, by the Olympic rules, must
reside in the principal municipal building of the host city until
the next Games.
The motto of the Games is “Citius, altius, fortius” (Latin —
faster, higher, braver). Officially there are individual and team
victors but no victor countries; from the very beginning of the
Games, however, the Press has made an unofficial count of the medals
won by the sportsmen of each participating country and has kept an
unofficial points score. Until Olympics in 1952 the team of the
United States dominated the Summer Games. Since the Helsinki Games,
when the USSR took part in them for the first time, competition in
all events of the programme has become keener, and one country has
ceased to dominate. The US hold on first place is being successfully
challenged by the USSR and the German Democratic Republic.
Each Olympiad the size of the Olympic Games has been growing in
the scale of competition, number of competitors, and size of the
audience watching them — live or by television. When the first
modern Games were held in Athens, the spectators numbered only
thousands; the cinema brought scenes from them to small, audiences
weeks later. Today huge stadiums accommodate tens of thousands of
spectators, while television brings the scene directly to the homes
of the whole world.
Перевод текста: The Olympic Games – Олимпийские игры (3)
Вначале Олимпийские игры были религиозным праздником древних
греков в честь Зевса и проводились в Олимпии, возле горы Олимп —
мифического жилища богов. Первые игры датируются 776 годом до н. э.
Они проводились каждые четыре года, в середине лета; главным
условием праздника было установление мира во всей Греции. Церемония
игр включала как соревнования в ораторстве, поэзии, музыке и
искусстве, так и в атлетических дисциплинах, таких как борьба,
метание копья и бег.
Олимпийские игры были исключительно мужским праздником. Женщинам
не разрешалось участвовать в Олимпийских играх и даже посещать их.
Победителей традиционно награждали венком из лавровых листьев. Игры
имели такое большое значение в греческой жизни, что Олимпиада с
четырехлетним интервалом между играми была главной единицей
греческого календаря. Быть победителем в классических Олимпийских
играх было большой честью не только для атлета, но и для его города.
Классические игры продолжались более тысячи лет. В 392 году н. э.
Игры были запрещены Римским Императором Феодосием.
В девятнадцатом столетии в связи с ростом интереса к спорту и
организацией ежегодных и традиционных спортивных соревнований,
особенно между школами и университетами, появилась идея возобновить
Олимпийские игры. Французский барон Пьер дэ Кубертен был
энтузиастом, чье личное руководство и инициатива привели к
торжественному открытию современных Олимпийских Игр в 1896 году с
участием 311 атлетов из тринадцати стран, которые соревновались в
девяти видах спорта.
Сначала в современных играх участвовали только мужчины. Женщины
впервые приняли участие в играх 1910 года, играя в гольф. Впервые
женщины приняли участие в играх только в Париже в 1924 году, когда в
программу игр включили женскую атлетику. В последних Олимпиадах
женская программа была расширена, и в 1980 году хоккей — один из
самых популярных видов спорта с участием женских команд, был
добавлен в программу московских игр.
Зимние виды спорта были введены в Олимпийскую программу благодаря
организации специальных зимних игр, проведенных во Франции, в
Шамони, в 1924 г. (хоккей на льду, скоростное катание на коньках,
фигурное катание и лыжный спорт). Это основные виды зимней
программы, помимо бобслея и гонок на санях.
Самый впечатляющий момент в церемонии открытия Игр — принятие
олимпийской присяги. Один атлет от страны, которая принимает игры,
держа за угол Олимпийский флаг, принимает присягу от имени всех
участников.
Олимпийский флаг — это пять соединенных колец на белом фоне. Пять
колец символизируют пять континентов мира и воплощают универсальное
братство. Шесть цветов (белый фон и голубой, желтый, черный, зеленый
и красный цвет колец) представляют нации мира, поскольку каждый
национальный флаг содержит как минимум один из этих цветов. Главный
флаг Олимпийских игр по правилам должен храниться в городе
проведения Олимпиады до следующих Игр.
Девиз игр — «Citius, altius, fortius» (от лат. — быстрее, выше,
сильнее). Официально отмечаются индивидуальные и командные победы,
но нет стран-победителей — так повелось с самого начала игр. Однако
пресса ведет неофициальный подсчет медалей, выигранных спортсменами
каждой страны, и представляет неофициального победителя. В
Олимпийских играх 1952 года команда Соединенных Штатов лидировала на
Летних играх. Начиная с Игр в Хельсинки, когда СССР впервые принял в
них участие, соревнования во всех видах программы стали более
увлекательными, и одна страна перестала лидировать. СССР и
Германская Демократическая Республика успешно победили США,
занимающие первое место.
С каждой Олимпиадой масштаб Олимпийских игр растет, увеличивается
и количество участников, и размер аудитории, которая смотрит их в
живую или по телевидению. Когда в Афинах проходили первые
современные игры, количество зрителей исчислялось тысячами,
киносъемка донесла до зрителей самые яркие моменты недели спустя.
Сегодня большие стадионы вмещают десятки тысяч болельщиков, а по
телевидению игры транслируют на весь мир.
In my opinion, these Games will play a very important role in the history of the Russian Federation. First of all, we can show our hospitality, our traditions and our culture to people all over the world. I know that foreigners have some stereotypes about Russia, so these Games can break them. Secondly, it will be a great opportunity for our people to communicate and make more friends among guests from different countries. That will make our international relationships stronger.
But some people claim that holding Olympic Games is not a very good idea, because the country has to invest really a great deal of money to organize the ceremonies, build stadiums, hotels and Olympic Games objects and equipment for stadiums and athletic halls.
I strongly disagree with this opinion. I believe the more you give, the better results you will have. So this money will worth it.
In conclusion, I would like to say that Russia is famous for its hospitality and “a wide soul”. I believe that this event will help us become one big family, enjoy all this time and support our country in these important competitions.
Люди начали задумываться о своем здоровье с незапамятных лет. Основной путь поддержания себя в форме – это занятия спортом. Поэтому были организованы Олимпийские Игры, которые имеют свою длинную историю. В этом году, Россия удостоена чести принимать Зимние Олимпийские Игры у себя в гостях. Так как это повлияет на нас и нашу страну?
По моему мнению, эти игры сыграют огромную роль в истории Российской Федерации. В первую очередь, мы сможем показать нашу гостеприимность, наши традиции и нашу культуру людям со всего мира. Я знаю, что иностранцы имеют некоторые стереотипы о нашей стране, так что это событие поможет их разрушить. Во-вторых, это будет замечательной возможностью для нашего народа пообщаться с людьми из разных стран и завести себе друзей среди иностранцев. Это поможет нашим международным отношениям стать сильнее.
Но некоторые считают, что проведение Олимпийских игр не очень хорошая идея, так как государству следует вкладывать огромное количество денег в организацию. В строительство стадионов, гостиниц и различных Олимпийских объектов и оборудование для стадионов и манежей.
Я категорично не соглашаюсь с этим мнением, так как считаю, что чем больше ты вкладываешь, тем больше ты получаешь. Так что все эти деньги будут стоить результата.
В заключение я бы хотела сказать, что Россия известна своей гостеприимность и «широкой душой». Я верю, что это событие поможет нам стать одним целым, насладиться этим временем и поддержать нашу сборную в этом сложном соревновании.
Традиция Олимпийских игр идет из Древней Греции. Мы знаем, что первые Олимпийские игры были проведены в городе Олимпия более 2700 лет назад. На пять дней в стране прекращались все войны и проводились спортивные состязания. Это был замечательный спортивный праздник борьбы, состязаний в беге, метания диска и других видах спорта. Игры организовывались и проводились вплоть до 393 года. Затем более чем 1700 лет об Олимпиадах ничего не было слышно. Первые современные Олимпийские игры были проведены в Афинах в 1896 году. Они проводятся каждые четыре года. Игры не проводятся в стране, которая находится в состоянии войны. Вот почему во время двух мировых войн Олимпийских иф не было. Во время Олимпийских игр проводятся соревнования и состязания по многим видам спорта. Состязания по летним видам спорта проводятся летом, во время летних Олимпийских игр. Зимние Олимпийские игры проводятся в этом же году, но в другой стране. Знаменитые спортсмены считают честью участвовать в играх. Они соревнуются в футболе, волейболе, баскетболе, боксе, тяжелой и легкой атлетике, гимнастике, гребле и многих других летних видах спорта. Во время зимних Олимпийских игр многие команды из различных стран принимают участие в соревнованиях по фигурному катанию, лыжному спорту, фристайлу, хоккею и других видах зимнего спорта. Олимпийские игры очень популярны в нашей стране. Все любители спорта смотрят игры по телевизору, а многие из них наблюдают события вживую и поддерживают свои национальные команды.
Перевод на английский:
The tradition of the Olympic Games runs back to ancient Greece. We know that the first Olympic Games took place in the town of Olympia more than 2700 years ago. There was no war in the country for these five days when sports competition took place. It was a great athletic festival of wrestling, foot-racing, discus throwing and others. The Games were organized and held up to the year of 393. Then, for more than 1700 years nothing more was heard of the Olympiads. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896. They take place every fourth year. The Games cannot take place in a country which is at war. That’s why there were no Olympic Games during the two world wars. During the Olympic Games there are tournaments in many kinds of sport. Summer sports competitions take place in summer during the Summer Olympic Games. The Winter Olympic Games are held the same year but in a different country. Famous sportsmen are proud to participate in the Games. They compete in football, basketball, volleyball, boxing, weight-lifting, field athletics, gymnastics and many other kinds of sport. At the Winter Olympic Games many teams from different countries take part in competitions in figure-skating, skiing, free-style, ice-hockey and other winter sports. The Olympic Games are very popular in our country. All sports fans see the Games on TV and many of them see the events live and support their national team.
The Olympic Games are an international sports competition which are held every four years in a different city. Thousands of athletes from all over the world compete against each other in individual and team sports. Over 1 billion people watch the games on TV.
The first Olympic Games were held in Greece in 776 B.C. They were called the ancient games and lasted until the 4th century A.D. The modern games began in 1896, when the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin revived the games to bring peace and friendship to the young people all over the world.
Today, there are summer and winter games. Up to 1994 both games were held in the same year, but now they are staged two years apart from each other.
Ceremonies and symbols
The Olympic Games begin with the opening ceremony. Athletes from all the participating nations march into the stadium. Greece comes in first, because it was the first nation to hold the Olympics and the host nation comes in last.
The Olympic flag is raised and a chosen athlete lights the Olympic flame. It is a symbol of spirit, knowledge and life. The fire comes from Olympia, a small town in Greece and many runners transport the flame in a torch relay to the site of the games. It burns from the opening ceremony until the end of the games.
The Olympic rings were created in 1913 and represent the five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia and the Americas).
All athletes must take the Olympic oath. One of them has to promise that all athletes will give their best and compete in a fair way.
After each event, medals are given to the first three athletes. They receive gold, silver and bronze medals. Their flags are raised and the national anthem of the winner’s country is played.
The International Olympic Committee
The IOC is the organisation that governs the games. It decides which sports and events are held at the games. The IOC also selects the host city for the summer and winter games, at least seven years before they take place. Cities that want the games must show that
• they have enough stadiums for all events
• they have enough room for all the athletes
• they can provide safety for the athletes
• they can transport athletes and spectators from one event to another
Host cities must build an Olympic village where all athletes live during the games.
How can athletes take part?
Normally, each country decides for itself which sportsmen and –women are allowed to take part. Athletes must qualify for the games by winning or doing well in competitions before the Olympic Games start.
Athletes, who are sent to the games by their country must be a citizen of that country. For years, only amateurs were able to participate in the games, but today, most athletes are professionals, who earn their money through sport.
Most governments give their team money so that it can take part in the games.
The ancient Games
The ancient Olympic Games were celebrated at Olympia, Greece every four years. They were held in honour of the god Zeus. In the early games, only Greek men were allowed to participate. The games consisted of sports like footraces, wrestling, boxing, the pentathlon and horse racing. The last event of the games was usually a chariot race.
When the Romans conquered Greece in 140 B.C. the games started to lose their religious meaning and in 393 the Roman emperor banned the event.
The Summer Games
The Summer Games are held during the summer season of the host country. They last for 16 days. Today, there are more than 270 events during the games. Over 15,000 athletes from 190 nations take part.
The next Summer Games will be held in London (2012).
The Winter Games
The first separate Winter Games were held in Chamonix, France in 1924. They usually take place in February. Today, the Winter Olympics include over 60 events. Athletes from more than 60 countries participate.
Politics and the Olympic Games
In the past, the Olympic Games have been disturbed by political issues. In 1936 the IOC chose Berlin as the site for the 1936 Summer Games. A few years later, Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party rose to power and Hitler used the games to show Germany’s power.
In 1968 two Black American runners protested against their government and raised their fists when the American national anthem was played.
In 1980 the USA—and many other countries—didn’t send athletes to the games in Moscow because the Soviet Union had invaded Afghanistan a year before. In return, the Russians and other Communist countries refused to take part in the 1984 games in Los Angeles.
The worst day in Olympic history came on September 5th, 1972 during the Munich games. Eight Palestinian terrorists broke into the Olympic village and killed two Israeli athletes. 9 others were taken hostage. They wanted the Israeli government to set free over 400 Arab prisoners in Israel. During a battle with German policemen all hostages and the terrorists were killed.
Olympia today
The Olympic Games have become very successful over the past years. More and more people are able to watch them on TV and television stations are spending more money for the rights to broadcast the games. The IOC earns more money than ever before. With this money they help athletes in poorer countries.
Drugs have become a big problem. Some athletes take drugs before and during the games in order to help their muscles grow. When they are caught they are disqualified and their medals are taken away from them.