Пример эссе по английскому языку «Граффити как вид современного искусства»
There is no doubt that art has a lot of different forms. Since the 20th century many controversial forms of art have appeared. Nowadays there are people who consider graffiti to be a new form of art. Are they right? To my mind, graffiti is a vandalism because instead of canvas graffiti artists choose train cars, bridges or public walls. To begin with, this form of art makes city look really ugly and run-down. Moreover, most of the graffiti you see on walls is a collection of swear words, gang names or just silly drawings that is why it is often associated with crime and violence. However, there are people who regard graffiti as a form of contemporary art. Nowadays graffiti art has a lot of admirers who view it as a form of personal and cultural expression. In their opinion, it is the way for people to express their talent. What is more, they claim that graffiti is worth being appreciated by people as any work of art takes a lot of efforts. I disagree with this point of view because I really do thinkthat if people want to express their talent they shouldn’t paint on public things. To conclude, I would like to say that our contemporary art is a mixture of different styles. As for graffiti, one cannot but admit that it is one of them. Yet I strongly believe that city authorities should create special places for graffiti artists where other people will go to enjoy art which is worth seeing and enjoying. (260 слов)
Mind, professionally made graffiti is very beautiful. Graffiti is very popular around the world. If it is done by really talented people, a picture can be a work of art.
To start with, graffiti makes deserted houses, fences, public telephones more beautiful. A picture should be drawn on old, dirty and broken walls. It would be good, if we can have special places for graffiti.
In addition to this, some graffiti artists want to be heard, and they try to explain something to the people. Drawing a picture, artists express themselves. They want to color this grey and boring world. Besides, there are some famous unusual pictures, which are made by the best graffiti artists. When people look at these colorful pictures on the buildings, they think of something warm and kind.
On the other hand there are some graffiti artists who write obscene words and draw senseless pictures. Some artists spoil monuments, memorial walls, tombstones, cars, metro wagons, so most of people believe that graffiti is more vandalism than art. Furthermore, if graffiti is not agreed with the city government or with building owners, graffiti artists are punishable by law.
To conclude, graffiti is an art, but it should be made by really talented people. If it is beautiful, why not? It is important graffiti to be legal. We should give graffiti artists a chance to tell us what they want.
По моему мнению, профессионально сделанное граффити очень красиво. Граффити очень популярно во всем мире. Если это сделано действительно талантливыми людьми, рисунок может стать произведением искусства.
Начнем с того, что граффити преображает заброшенные здания, заборы, телефонные будки. Рисунок должен быть нарисован на старых, грязных и разрушенных стенах. Было бы хорошо, если бы мы могли иметь специальные места для граффити.
В дополнение к этому, художники граффити хотят быть услышанными, и они пытаются объяснить что-то людям. Рисуя картину, художники выражают себя. Они хотят разукрасить этот серый и скучный мир. Кроме того, есть некоторые знаменитые необычные картины, которые сделаны лучшими художниками. Когда люди смотрят на эти разноцветные рисунки на зданиях, они думают о чем-то теплом и добром.
С другой стороны, есть много художников граффити, которые пишут неприличные слова и рисуют глупые изображения. Некоторые художники портят памятники, мемориальные стены, надгробия, машины, вагоны метро, из-за этого большинство людейдумают, что граффити больше вандализм, чем искусство. Кроме того, если граффити не оговорено с городскими властями или с владельцами зданий, художники преследуются по закону.
В заключение, граффити – это искусство, но оно должно быть сделано действительно талантливыми людьми. Если это красиво, то почему нет? Важно чтобы граффити было законным. Мы должны дать художникам граффити шанс донести до нас то, что они хотят.
На английском языке. Graffiti
Graffiti is a form of street art, which has existed from ancient times. People have always pictured or left inscriptions on walls and they continue doing it as an important form of creative expression today. It is also considered to be a form of visual communication, although some people find it illegal. They think that it’s an unauthorized marking of public space by groups of young people. Graffiti is often understood as antisocial behavior, however it still remains an expressive art form. They say that the term is derived from Greek work ‘graphein’, which means ‘to write’. Others think it comes from the Italian word ‘graffio’, which means ‘to scratch’. Similar inscriptions have been found in Ancient Rome, in Mayan cities, in Spain of the 16th century. Modern graffiti has developed in New York and Philadelphia in 1960s. For a decade it was considered to be the act of vandalism. Local people hated the aggressive inscriptions on walls, calling them an illegal eyesore and punishing by fines. Since then, graffiti has notably changed along with the attitude to it. It was no more a subway or poor ghetto areas’ art. It acquired the status of ‘street art’ and can be found anywhere. Graffiti has been a part of hip-hop culture in 1980s. One of the Dutch museums displays the examples of prominent graffiti as an art form. All graffiti artists have their own style and slang. To distinguish themselves from others they live their signature with special spray. Перевод на русский язык. Граффити
Граффити это форма уличного искусства, которая существует с древних времен. Люди всегда изображали что-то или оставляли надписи на стенах, и они продолжают делать это сегодня только как форму творческого выражения. Его также считают одной из форм визуальной коммуникации, хотя некоторые люди находят это незаконным. Они думают, что это несанкционированная маркировка публичного пространства группами молодых людей. Граффити часто понимается как антиобщественное поведение, несмотря на это оно остается выразительным видом искусства. Одни говорят, что этот термин происходит от греческого слова «graphein», что означает «писать». Другие думают, что он происходит от итальянского слова «graffio», что означает «царапать». Подобные надписи были найдены в Древнем Риме, в городах племен майя, в Испании 16-го века. Современное граффити появилось в Нью-Йорке и Филадельфии в 1960-е годы. В течение десяти лет оно считалось актом вандализма. Местные люди ненавидели эти агрессивные надписи на стенах, называя их незаконным бельмом на глазу и наказывая штрафами. С тех пор, граффити заметно изменилось, также как и отношением к нему. Это больше не было искусством метро или бедных гетто районов. Оно приобрело статус «уличного искусства» и могло встречаться повсюду. Граффити стало частью хип-хоп культуры в 1980-е годы. Один из голландских музеев выставил примеры выдающихся граффити, в качестве работ искусства. Все граффитчики имеют свой собственный стиль и сленг. Чтобы выделить себя среди других, они оставляют подпись, сделанную особой краской.
Some people claim that graffiti is vandalism, while others argue that graffiti is a special art form that should be admired. In this essay, I will try to look upon this issue.
From my point of view, graffiti should not be respected, because it cannot be considered as art. Firstly, obscene words and senseless pictures are disgusting and disrespectful. Secondly, graffiti usually spoil monuments, memorial walls, tombstones, metro carriages… And the last but not the least is that graffiti is not agreed with the city government or with building owners, that is the cause why graffiti artists are punished by law.
That is why I believe that graffiti is more vandalism than art and I cannot admit it.
However, some people believe that such “artworks” should be seen with fascination. They support their opinion by the fact that graffiti is the great way of self-expression that conveys the important massage or explains something to the people. Besides, graffiti can make deserted houses and fences look more vivid. These arguments make people think that graffiti is a modern art form.
Nevertheless, I do not agree with these arguments because they are not convincing for me. This is exactly owing to my belief that graffiti is just not the right way of self-realization that results in spoiled surrounding infrastructure.
In conclusion, I would like to state that graffiti is more like vandal action deed than a piece of art and it should not be promoted or admired. Therefore, I vote against it.
Муниципальное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение лицей №7 г.Томска
Проектная работа
по английскому языку
«Граффити-искусство или хулиганство»
«Graffiti-art or vandalism»
Работу выполнили ученики 7А класса: Асаев Роман, Кузькин Роман, Сорокин Роман.
Куратор работы: учитель английского языка Лазарева С.В.
Томск 2013
Contents
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………3
History of Graffiti……………………………………………………………………..4
Types and styles ………………………………………..……………………………..5
Art or Vandalism……………………………………………………………………….7
The survey ………………………………………………………………………………….8
Conclusion ………………..……………………………………………………………….9
Internet sources ……….…………………………………………………………………10
Enclosure №1 Questions for survey “Graffiti-art or vandalism.” ……………………11
The aim of the project work: learn and sum up information about graffiti, exploring the pictures of graffiti and teenagers’ relation to them.
Цель проектной работы: изучение и обобщение знаний о граффити, а так же исследование рисунков граффити и отношение к ним учащихся нашей школы.
Project problems:
Learn the history and developing of graffiti;
Explore the different types of graffiti;
Find out the teens’ attitude to this kindof modern art;
Write and draw own pictures.
Задачи проекта:
Проследить историю возникновения и развития граффити;
Изучить разные виды граффити ;
Исследовать отношение подростков к этому виду современного искусства;
Создать свои рисунки и надписи в стиле граффити.
Suppose: not all pictures and words on the fences and walls are the objects of art.
Гипотеза: Предположим, что не все рисунки на стенах и заборах являются объектом искусства.
Graffiti- is writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place. An usual artist uses paper and canvas for his work, but graffiti artists use for their works walls. We can see graffiti on the walls, in the yards, near the railway. It can be nice and really decorate the surrounding view. Some people admire the work of the so called artist, but the others think that it was vandalism and makes the world look bad. But it cannot be denied that graffiti is notable fact.
Love or hate it graffiti is part of the everyday urban world. It’s a fact that Banksy and other well-known street artists, who are now household names, have busted the whole urban art scene wide open, brought it forefront into the public’s attention and it seems the room to sit on the fence with an opinion as to whether it is an art-form or vandalism just got a whole lot narrower.
Graffiti however, still to this day remains an illegal art and the city authorities across the globe spend millions every year cleaning it up. Some would question, what exactly is the point of spending time and taking the risk to do an act which will be removed within a few days? Others will argue rules make a boring city, no character or self-expression. Nowadays some people consider that even the simplest thing such as photographing anomalous objects stacked on top of each other constitutes as being an acceptable art-form. While graffiti art in the appreciative eye, simply uses the urban environment as a creative canvas to showcase an innovative talent. So is graffiti, art or vandalism?
History of Graffiti
Graffiti appeared long ago. The word “Graffiti” came from the Italian word «graffiato» (“scratched”).
The earliest forms of graffiti date back to 30,000 BC in the form of prehistoric cave paintings and pictographs using tools such as Animal bones and pigments. Historic forms of graffiti have helped gain understanding into the lifestyles and languages of past cultures. These illustrations were often placed in ceremonial and sacred locations inside of the caves. The images drawn on the walls showed scenes of animal wildlife and hunting expeditions in most circumstances. This form of graffiti is subject to disagreement considering it is likely that members of prehistoric society endorsed the creation of these illustrations.
The only known source of the Safaitic language, a form of proto-Arabic, is from graffiti: inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and boulders in the predominantly basalt desert of southern Syria, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. Safaitic dates from the first century BC to the fourth century AD.
The first known example of “modern style” graffiti survives in the ancient Greek city of Ephesus. The ancient Romans carved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also survive in Egypt.
It was not only the Greeks and Romans that produced graffiti: the Mayan site of Tikal in Guatemala also contains ancient examples.
Viking graffiti survive in Rome and in Ireland. There are also examples of graffiti occurring in American history, such as Signature Rock, a national landmark along the Oregon Trail.
The history of modern graffiti is also very interesting. Writing on walls all started when cavemen drew on walls and boulders, but graffiti had not begun appearing on the subway cars and buses in New York and Chicago until the 1970’s. Most of the time graffiti was associated with inner city gang’s mainly in Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles in the 1970’s.
In New York City the trend of “tagging”, or writing one’s name, on subway cars is most often credited to Taki 183, a seventeen year old from 183rd Street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, whose job as a messenger required him to travel on the trains everyday. Taki began writing his name all over the trains and stations of the transit system, and it wasn’t too long before people started to notice. On July 21, 1971, the New York Times ran an article entitled “Taki 183 Spawns Pen Pals,” and it made a folk hero out of young Taki.
Of course, the New York Times wasn’t the only one who noticed. All over New York, more and more kids became enamored of the idea of their name traveling across the city every day and being seen by thousands upon thousands of commuters.
The first notice about graffiti in Russia appeared in 1985, when there were the first “Brake-dance” festivals. Their posters had pictures of graffiti, and soon this art became popular. Although graffiti historically was never completely welcome in Russia, as graffiti artists were often part of Russia’s underground movement, modern trends have made the practice more mainstream and accepted. Moscow’s Dream Energy graffiti festival “encourages Russia’s graffiti artists to come out and let their creativity go wild, painting the gray walls of Moscow’s ubiquitous power stations”. “Grammatika”, a graffiti show that took place in Russia from March 12 to March 18, 2012, featured work from twelve Russian graffiti writers. Founded by Berlin graffiti writer Akim, “Sign Your Style” is a graffiti festival, held in Moscow on May 7, and on May 13 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In the preview video, Petro, a judge for the competition part of the festival, shows in how he expects writers participating to “simply go off and get creative”, by freestyling some futurist outlines, doing a blind folded one-liner piece, and a throwing up some handstyle alphabets. The purpose of this Russian festival is to expand the originality and unique subtleties in Russian graffiti style.
Types and styles
Types of graffiti
1) Tagging. One can safely say that this kind is the beginning of the graffiti history. But nowadays it is regarded only as its addition. Tag is a writer’s signature, his nickname written in one colour. It is an integral part of graffiti, put to all works. Some of the most common styles of graffiti have their own names. A “tag” is the most basic writing of an artist’s name, it is simply a handstyle. A graffiti writer’s tag is his or her personalized signature. Tagging is often the example given when opponents of graffiti refer to any acts of handstyle graffiti writing (it is by far the most common form of graffiti). Tags can contain subtle and sometimes cryptic messages, and might incorporate the artist’s crew initials or other letters.
2)Bombing. Another form is the “throw-up”, also known as a “bombing” which is normally painted very quickly with two or three colors, sacrificing aesthetics for speed. Throw-ups can also be outlined on a surface with one color. Usually it is painted on transport at a very rapid pace. Today bombers use for their purposes overland trains. Not quality but quantity of paintings, made in a very short time, is the aim of bombing.
3)Writing — is graffiti inscriptions in its common sense, paintings of different styles made by writers on the walls of carriages.
4)Scratching (scrabbing). Equally with tagging scratching is oneof the graffiti additions. It is made on the windows in transport with a grindstone.
Styles of graffiti
1)Throw up. It is the simplest graffiti style used by bombers for whom speed of implementation is more important than quality. Very often it is used by beginners. The home of this style is New-York. The style is characterized by the curved lines of letters painted out from inside with a certain colour. First colour is for contour, the second is for painting. Only two colours are chiefly used: black and white, or black and silver. The most important condition is the contrast of colours.
2)Blockbusters. This style is also regards as a simple one. The home city of blockbusters style is Los-Angeles. Big and wide letters can be written only in one colour. There is an opinion that this style was used by street bands for demarcation of the affected areas. As a rule, graffiti is made by a team, where each person does his own job. In the end each participant put his tag to his picture (writer’s tag).
3)Dynamic styles. There are included all the trends that were popular in 80-s of the XXth century in New-York. They were used in painting of railway carriages. That is why there is the strongly marked dynamics of forms which should be watched only in movement. Wild Style — is a style of graffiti very difficult for reading. It is like the height of a writer’s craftsmanship. To make a wild style graffiti it is important not only to choose the contours in a right way but also to mix colours correctly. A more complex style is “wildstyle”, a form of graffiti usually involving interlocking letters and connecting points. These pieces are often harder to read by non-graffiti artists as the letters merge into one another in an often undecipherable manner. Some artists also use stickers as a quick way to catch ups. While certain critics from within graffiti culture consider this lazy, stickers can be quite detailed in their own right, and are often used in conjunction with other materials. Sticker tags are commonly done on blank postage stickers, as these can be easily acquired with no cost on the writers part.Military style. Different colours and letters (“loop”) are combined in a fantastic manner. It is a dynamic and emotional style.Gentle dynamic style. It is connected with the previous one. But lines in spite of dynamics of the image become more gentle.
4)Electical style — is the next after the wild style according to the level of complication. It is some kind of reflection of the writer’s craftsmanship. Painting graffiti of this style, one can create new directions.
5)FX (Daim style, 3D) — graffiti — three-dimensional letter images. Not every writer can paint in this style. It was created by Daim, the member of one of the most famous graffiti team FX Cru.
6)Character. Caricatures and commixes. Here appears a frame with the personage’s speech, typical of all commixes. Writers, possessing artistic skills, prefer this style of graffiti.
7)Bubble graffiti. All letters look like soap-bubbles, ready to burst. Two or three colours are used in this style. It is very popular among the beginners.
Many graffiti artists believe that doing complex pieces involves too great an investment of time to justify the practice. Doing a piece can take (depending on experience and size) 30 minutes to months on end, as was the case for Saber MSK while working on the world’s largest graffiti piece on the LA river.
Another graffiti artist can go over a piece in a matter of minutes with a simple throw up. This was exemplified by the writer “CAP” in the documentary Style Wars, who, other writers complain, ruins pieces with his quick throw ups. This became known as “capping” and is often done when there is “beef”, conflict between writers.
Art or Vandalism
Graffiti art is a form of self-expression. It’s another way artists can show their talent and opinions to the public. Graffiti is street art, often done over a period of time, which characterizes an artist or group. Vandalism is the intentional destruction of property with the sole purpose of doing something illegal and taboo. Though the two are often lumped together in conversation and subject, there is a defining line between them.
Today Graffiti is a kind of streets’ art, one of the most actual form of art self-expression all around the world. Creations of graffiti artists became the separate kind of modern art, a part of city’s life and culture. A lot of countries and cities have got their own famous writers, who make the real masterpieces of art. In many countries drawing on someone’s property without permission is considered to be an act of vandalism and can be punished.
Sometimes graffiti can use to get abroad some political and social information. Tastes differ, and graffiti may be the real art for one people but vandalism for another. In all civilized countries graffiti is a kind of art. Some graffiti artists are against any form of vandalism on private property such as people’s houses, schools or churches. Most respectful artists are against defacing another person’s art by tagging on or over the piece. Most importantly, the majority strive to make their art viewable by everyone, which means no excessive cursing or tags on stores in which you must be 18 or older to enter.
Graffiti artists have their own rules:
1) Don’t paint the houses, had cultural value;
2) Don’t force your ideas on people;
3) Don’t write on the other artists’ works;
4) Don’t write on the tombs: painting on memorial walls means death!
But not everyone obey the rules. Some persons only constitute themselves graffiti artists, but they are vandals in deed! Don’t forget that writing words such as “Sasha+Masha” and” Vasya was here” are not the art!
Our town is not clear of worldwide developing of street-art. We can see different graffiti on the walls, houses and fences. It’s glad that lots of them can be considered by cultural point of view. We had examined 1 hundred of student from our lyceum (Enclosure №1) and found out their relations to graffiti.
The results of our survey you can see in these diagrams.
What’s your relation to Graffiti?
63%of students are interested in Graffiti
21% don’t like it and 16% don’t care about it.
Is Graffiti a kind of art or vandalism?
54% think it’s an art
13% think it’s a vandalism
33% think it’s a way of self-realization
Do you try yourself as a graffiti artist?
62% only watch the pictures
17% can write “tag”
21% are active graffiti artists
As for my friends and I, we’ve been interested in graffiti for several years. Some of us have got their own works on paper and on the walls and buildings. We write them in different styles.
We write our pictures because we want to show them to everyone and make our town better. We are looking for people’s understanding and acceptance. I’d like to show you some of my works.
Conclusion:
We found out the following:
•The word “Graffiti” appeared long ago;
•Graffiti started in USA at the beginning of 70th;
•Modern graffiti is a subject image sometimes of poster type, with cartoon or naive pictures;
•This art is in progress, and it can have a stunning future;
•We can see the creation of this art in Tomsk too. Even among our students there are few graffiti artists.
We came to the conclusion that graffiti is a way of self-realization of teenagers.
Graffiti is an artistic property that people have and should show to the whole world through exhibitions, museums, and art galleries dedicated to them. Artistic graffiti is important because it motivated and still motivates, young kids and adults, to be creative, allows them to view themselves as artists, and helps them to become better role models who love art and make it their own.
Well… the famous saying “art is in the eye of the beholder” cannot be better suited in order to form your own opinion, regardless of what government laws attempt to impose upon you. It is your personal right and privilege to decide yourself, however as such in every art-form there will also be an opposite critic to contradict whatever your view is. The controversy surrounding this debate keeps the scene extremely vibrant and exciting! You are your one and only beholder. It’s your choice.
Internet sources:
1. Википедия.- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti
2. Граффити становится искусством и поднимает свои стандарты – http://www.corsar- art.nm.ru/site/write/graffiti.htm
3. Art Crimes – The Writing on the Wall – graffiti art worldwide- http://www.graffiti.org/
4. Граффити в Томске.- http://graffiti.tomsk.ru/
Enclosure №1
Questions for survey “Graffiti-art or vandalism.”
1. What’s your relation to Graffiti?
а) I’m interested in Graffiti. b) I don’t like it. с) I don’t care about it.
2.Is Graffiti a kind of art or vandalism?
А) Yes, it’s an art. b) No, it’s a vandalism. с) It’s a way of self-realization.
3.Do you try yourself as a graffiti artist?
а) No, I only watch the pictures. b) Sometimes I write «tag». с) I’m an active graffiti artist.
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The term graffiti comes from Greek word ‘graphein’ which means ’to write’.
Street art ‘graffiti’ had arisen in New York. The scrawled names and slogan were seen as ugly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of ‘street art’ and you get where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys.
Graffiti became very popular in 80s due to hip-hop subculture. It became as a part of hip-hop subculture.
The Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few in the world that displays and recognized graffiti as an art form.
History of Russian graffiti began in 1985 along with craze on break-dance. The first graffiti’s package the festival decoration, then were shocking people.
Every graffiti artist has their style. Graffiti artists have put on a special slang. Most graffiti artists prefer to be called ‘writers’. A writer’s signature with spray paint or marker is called a ‘tag’. Communities of writers who are friends are know as ‘crews’. Those writers who are inexperienced or new to an area are called ‘toys’. Also exist precepts of use spray paint. Professional graffiti artist has special protectants: mask and gloves.
Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art, other think that graffiti is vandalism.
In my opinion, graffiti is vandalism, because it makes our cities look really run-down and ugly.
Essay Sample 09
Музланова Е.С.
Comment on the following statement: Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art whereas others consider it to be pure vandalism. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
– explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Some people think that graffiti is art, whereas others do not agree with this point of view. They consider it something that spoils walls and mood.
I think that graffiti is another form of art. First of all, it can look really beautiful if it is painted by a talented artist. Second, usually it is drawn on horribly looking walls which can not be made to look worse. Graffiti is also a way for many young people to express themselves.
At the same time there are people who say that it is absolute vandalism and should be forbidden. Graffiti looks horrible and puts people into a bad state of mind!
Well, there are awfully looking graffiti that probably should be removed, nevertheless, there are a lot of good looking graffiti that cheers up people. It can give a person some thoughts to think of as well.
In conclusion, I would like to say that we should not label or stereotype things or events. Abstractionism was treated in the same suspicious or even bad way but then it turned out to be among the best art and other masterpieces that cost a fortune. Thus, I strongly believe that graffiti is a type of art that can bring people a lot of pleasure. or
In conclusion, I would like to say that there are opposing views on this issue. At first sight graffiti might seem as vandalism but in actual fact it is a sort of art since can bring the same emotions. Thus, I strongly believe that graffiti is a new type of art that is being gradually developed.
Read by George William Dole
Nowadays there are different kinds of art and one of the most popular is graffiti. However, some people are against such creativeness. They think that graffiti is vandalism and people shouldn’t do it.
In my opinion, skill of graffiti is amazing workmanship. First of all, graffiti is the best way of town decoration. In a city there are a great number of boring and similar skyscrapers. Every person wants to see some new and unusual and to be of good cheer when he or she is going to work. Secondly, graffiti is the great way of self-expression. Painters of graffiti have wonderful imagination and a big space for art. They can share their art with the entire city and present people their beautiful creations.
Despite this, many people don’t like such kind of art. They think that a majority of painters draws on garages, fences etc. They just spoil property and don’t care about harm which they do.
I disagree with such opinion. When graffiti only appears at the first time as art people really paints everywhere. But now there are special places for this creativeness.
To sum up, I’d like to say that graffiti is wonderful art and people should develop it and use as decoration of their everyday life.
New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as something menacing and an example of urban decay. The scrawled names and slogans were seen as unsightly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of ‘street art’ and you get graffiti in places where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the Wall Street Journal’s official website! In the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art and the sophisticated Manhattan art world had displays of street art in its galleries. The trend was short-lived – until the arrival of hip-hop music in the late 80s.
In her book, Subway Art, Martha Cooper says “Graffiti came back with hip-hop music and people are now appreciating it for its style, which they couldn’t back then, because they couldn’t get beyond the vandalism thing.” Hip-hop was originally black ghetto music, sung by young African Americans from the poor, run-down districts of American cities. When it suddenly got to the top of the American music charts, hip-hop culture was spread, bringing graffiti with it.
Today companies are starting to realise the appeal of graffiti in advertising. Kel Rodriguez, who used to spray New York subway trains, was the artist chosen to design the Wall Street Journal’s website and it is obviously done in graffiti-style. “Some of that graffiti feeling, that energy, sort of got in there,” Rodriguez explained. Many of this new wave of artists give lectures on developments in their art. Lee Quindnesis having a lot of success in Europe and feels that European galleries and museums are more open to his art form. “They want to support an artist as he develops,” comments Quinones, who can get up to $10,000 for his paintings. Indeed, the Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few museums in the world that displays and recognizes graffiti as an art form.
Another artist, Blade, has his own website devoted only to the world of graffiti. This website has a ‘merchandise page’ where Blade sells things with his own original designs all over the world – everything from baseball caps to yo-yos! Leonard McGurr, a street artist for 25 years, went from painting subway trains to designing and marketing graffiti-inspired clothes for young people. “Graffiti has been a story of survival,” he says. “There’s a way to benefit from your work without spoiling public property.”
The term graffiti comes from Greek word ‘graphein’ which means ’to write’.
Street art ‘graffiti’ had arisen in New York. The scrawled names and slogan were seen as ugly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of ‘street art’ and you get where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys.
Graffiti became very popular in 80s due to hip-hop subculture. It became as a part of hip-hop subculture.
The Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few in the world that displays and recognized graffiti as an art form.
History of Russian graffiti began in 1985 along with craze on break-dance. The first graffiti’s package the festival decoration, then were shocking people.
Every graffiti artist has their style. Graffiti artists have put on a special slang. Most graffiti artists prefer to be called ‘writers’. A writer’s signature with spray paint or marker is called a ‘tag’. Communities of writers who are friends are know as ‘crews’. Those writers who are inexperienced or new to an area are called ‘toys’. Also exist precepts of use spray paint. Professional graffiti artist has special protectants: mask and gloves.
Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art, other think that graffiti is vandalism.
In my opinion, graffiti is vandalism, because it makes our cities look really run-down and ugly.
Топик Уличное искусство рассказывает о зарождении, развитии и признании широкими массами «стрит-арта» или «граффити». До 1970 года надписи и лозунги, нарисованные на стенах домов бедных кварталов Нью-Йорка и вагонах метро, рассматривались как агрессивная работа вандалов, стремящихся выразить свою индивидуальность или политическую точку зрения. В начале 1980-х наблюдался реальный расцвет граффити, затем это искусство вновь вернулось, в конце 80-х годов, с появлением музыкального направления хип-хоп. Уличному искусству посвящено много книг, его используют рекламные агентства, многие европейские галереи и музеи стали размещать у себя произведения уличного искусства. В настоящее время стрит-арт повсюду: в рекламе, на одежде, на игрушках и даже на официальных сайтах.
New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as something menacing and an example of urban decay. The scrawled names and slogans were seen as unsightly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of “street art” and you get graffiti in places where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the Wall Street Journal’s official website! In the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art and the sophisticated Manhattan art world had displays of street art in its galleries. The trend was short-lived – until the arrival of hip-hop music in the late 80s.
In her book, “Subway Art”, Martha Cooper says: “Graffiti came back with hip-hop music and people are now appreciating it for its style, which they couldn’t back then, because they couldn’t get beyond the vandalism thing.” Hip-hop was originally black ghetto music, sung by young African Americans from the poor, run-down districts of American cities. When it suddenly got to the top of the American music charts, hip-hop culture was spread, bringing graffiti with it.
Today companies are starting to realise the appeal of graffiti in advertising. Kel Rodriguez, who used to spray New York subway trains, was the artist chosen to design the Wall Street Journal’s website and it is obviously done in graffiti-style. “Some of that graffiti feeling, that energy, sort of got in there,” Rodriguez explained. Many of this new wave of artists give lectures on developments in their art. Lee Quindnesis having a lot of success in Europe and feels that European galleries and museums are more open to his art form. “They want to support an artist as he develops,” comments Quinones, who can get up to $10,000 for his paintings. Indeed, the Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few museums in the world that displays and recognizes graffiti as an art form.
Another artist, Blade, has his own website devoted only to the world of graffiti. This website has a “merchandise page” where Blade sells things with his own original designs all over the world – everything from baseball caps to yo-yos! Leonard McGurr, a street artist for 25 years, went from painting subway trains to designing and marketing graffiti-inspired clothes for young people. “Graffiti has been a story of survival,” he says. “There’s a way to benefit from your work without spoiling public property.”
Until relatively recently, graffiti was consider to be an example of anti-social behaviour, the of vandals. Nowadays, many of those “vandals” are treated as respected artists, and some of them have made it in the world of business.
New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as something menacing and an example of urban decay. The scrawled names and slogan were seen as ugly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of “street art” and you get where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the Wall Street Journal”s official website! In the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art and the sophisticated Manhattan art world had displays of street art in its galleries. The trend was short-lived – until the arrival of hip-hop music in the late 80s. In her book, Subway Art, Martha Cooper says: “Graffiti came back with hip-hop music and people are now appreciating it for its style, which they couldn”t back then, because they couldn”t get beyond the vandalism thing”.
Hip-hop was originally black ghetto music, sung by young African Americans from the poor, run-down districts of American cities. When it suddenly got to the top of the American music charts, hip-hop culture was spread, bringing graffiti with it.
Today companies are starting to realise the appeal of graffiti in advertising. Kel Rodriguez, who used to spray New York subway trains, was the artist chosen to design the Wall Street Journal”s website and in graffiti style.
“Some of that graffiti feeling, that energy, sort of got in there”. Rodriguez explained.
Many of this new wave of artists give lectures on developments in their art. Lee Quinones is having a lot of success in Europe and feels that European galleries and museums are more open to his art form.
‘They want to support an artist as he develops’, comments Quinones, who can get up to $10,000 for his paintings.
Indeed, the Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few in the world that displays and recognized graffiti as an art form.
Another artist, Blade, has his own website devoted only to the world of graffiti. This website has a ‘merchandise page’ where Blade sells things with his own original designs all over the world – everything from baseball caps to yo-yos!
Leonard McGurr, a street artist for 25 years, went from painting subway trains to designing and marketing graffiti-inspired clothes for young people.
‘Graffiti has been a story of survival’, he says. ‘There’s a way to benefit from your work without spoiling public property.’
The term graffiti comes from Greek word ‘graphein’ which means ’to write’.
Street art ‘graffiti’ had arisen in New York. The scrawled names and slogan were seen as ugly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of “street art” and you get where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys. Graffiti became very popular in 80s due to hip-hop subculture. It became as a part of hip-hop subculture.
The Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few in the world that displays and recognized graffiti as an art form.
History of Russian graffiti began in 1985 along with craze on break-dance. The first graffiti’s package the festival decoration, then were shocking people.
Every graffiti artist has their style. Graffiti artists have put on a special slang. Most graffiti artists prefer to be called ‘writers’. A writer’s signature with spray paint or marker is called a ‘tag’. Communities of writers who are friends are know as ‘crews’. Those writers who are inexperienced or new to an area are called ‘toys’. Also exist precepts of use spray paint. Professional graffiti artist has special protectants: mask and gloves.
Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art, other think that graffiti is vandalism.
In my opinion, graffiti is vandalism, because it makes our cities look really run-down and ugly.
Graffiti – art or vandalism? To my mind, professionally made graffiti is very beautiful. Graffiti is very popular around the world. If it is done by really talented people, a picture can be a work of art.
To start with, graffiti makes deserted houses, fences, public telephones more beautiful. A picture should be drawn on old, dirty and broken walls. It would be good, if we can have special places for graffiti.
In addition to this, some graffiti artists want to be heard, and they try to explain something to the people. Drawing a picture, artists express themselves. They want to color this grey and boring world. Besides, there are some famous unusual pictures, which are made by the best graffiti artists. When people look at these colorful pictures on the buildings, they think of something warm and kind.
On the other hand there are some graffiti artists who write obscene words and draw senseless pictures. Some artists spoil monuments, memorial walls, tombstones, cars, metro wagons, so most of people believe that graffiti is more vandalism than art. Furthermore, if graffiti is not agreed with the city government or with building owners, graffiti artists are punishable by law.
To conclude, graffiti is an art, but it should be made by really talented people. If it is beautiful, why not? It is important graffiti to be legal. We should give graffiti artists a chance to tell us what they want.
Граффити – искусство или вандализм? По моему мнению, профессионально сделанное граффити очень красиво. Граффити очень популярно во всем мире. Если это сделано действительно талантливыми людьми, рисунок может стать произведением искусства.
Начнем с того, что граффити преображает заброшенные здания, заборы, телефонные будки. Рисунок должен быть нарисован на старых, грязных и разрушенных стенах. Было бы хорошо, если бы мы могли иметь специальные места для граффити.
В дополнение к этому, художники граффити хотят быть услышанными, и они пытаются объяснить что-то людям. Рисуя картину, художники выражают себя. Они хотят разукрасить этот серый и скучный мир. Кроме того, есть некоторые знаменитые необычные картины, которые сделаны лучшими художниками. Когда люди смотрят на эти разноцветные рисунки на зданиях, они думают о чем-то теплом и добром.
С другой стороны, есть много художников граффити, которые пишут неприличные слова и рисуют глупые изображения. Некоторые художники портят памятники, мемориальные стены, надгробия, машины, вагоны метро, из-за этого большинство людейдумают, что граффити больше вандализм, чем искусство. Кроме того, если граффити не оговорено с городскими властями или с владельцами зданий, художники преследуются по закону.
В заключение, граффити – это искусство, но оно должно быть сделано действительно талантливыми людьми. Если это красиво, то почему нет? Важно чтобы граффити было законным. Мы должны дать художникам граффити шанс донести до нас то, что они хотят.
Copyright © Russian centres of City and Guilds, 2011-2012
Пример эссе по английскому языку «Граффити как вид современного искусства»
There is no doubt that art has a lot of different forms. Since the 20th century many controversial forms of art have appeared. Nowadays there are people who consider graffiti to be a new form of art. Are they right?
To my mind, graffiti is a vandalism because instead of canvas graffiti artists choose train cars, bridges or public walls. To begin with, this form of art makes city look really ugly and run-down. Moreover, most of the graffiti you see on walls is a collection of swear words, gang names or just silly drawings that is why it is often associated with crime and violence.
However, there are people who regard graffiti as a form of contemporary art. Nowadays graffiti art has a lot of admirers who view it as a form of personal and cultural expression. In their opinion, it is the way for people to express their talent. What is more, they claim that graffiti is worth being appreciated by people as any work of art takes a lot of efforts. I disagree with this point of view because I really do think that if people want to express their talent they shouldn’t paint on public things.
To conclude, I would like to say that our contemporary art is a mixture of different styles. As for graffiti, one cannot but admit that it is one of them. Yet I strongly believe that city authorities should create special places for graffiti artists where other people will go to enjoy art which is worth seeing and enjoying. (260 слов)
Mind, professionally made graffiti is very beautiful. Graffiti is very popular around the world. If it is done by really talented people, a picture can be a work of art.
To start with, graffiti makes deserted houses, fences, public telephones more beautiful. A picture should be drawn on old, dirty and broken walls. It would be good, if we can have special places for graffiti.
In addition to this, some graffiti artists want to be heard, and they try to explain something to the people. Drawing a picture, artists express themselves. They want to color this grey and boring world. Besides, there are some famous unusual pictures, which are made by the best graffiti artists. When people look at these colorful pictures on the buildings, they think of something warm and kind.
On the other hand there are some graffiti artists who write obscene words and draw senseless pictures. Some artists spoil monuments, memorial walls, tombstones, cars, metro wagons, so most of people believe that graffiti is more vandalism than art. Furthermore, if graffiti is not agreed with the city government or with building owners, graffiti artists are punishable by law.
To conclude, graffiti is an art, but it should be made by really talented people. If it is beautiful, why not? It is important graffiti to be legal. We should give graffiti artists a chance to tell us what they want.
По моему мнению, профессионально сделанное граффити очень красиво. Граффити очень популярно во всем мире. Если это сделано действительно талантливыми людьми, рисунок может стать произведением искусства.
Начнем с того, что граффити преображает заброшенные здания, заборы, телефонные будки. Рисунок должен быть нарисован на старых, грязных и разрушенных стенах. Было бы хорошо, если бы мы могли иметь специальные места для граффити.
В дополнение к этому, художники граффити хотят быть услышанными, и они пытаются объяснить что-то людям. Рисуя картину, художники выражают себя. Они хотят разукрасить этот серый и скучный мир. Кроме того, есть некоторые знаменитые необычные картины, которые сделаны лучшими художниками. Когда люди смотрят на эти разноцветные рисунки на зданиях, они думают о чем-то теплом и добром.
С другой стороны, есть много художников граффити, которые пишут неприличные слова и рисуют глупые изображения. Некоторые художники портят памятники, мемориальные стены, надгробия, машины, вагоны метро, из-за этого большинство людейдумают, что граффити больше вандализм, чем искусство. Кроме того, если граффити не оговорено с городскими властями или с владельцами зданий, художники преследуются по закону.
В заключение, граффити – это искусство, но оно должно быть сделано действительно талантливыми людьми. Если это красиво, то почему нет? Важно чтобы граффити было законным. Мы должны дать художникам граффити шанс донести до нас то, что они хотят.
На английском языке. Graffiti
Graffiti is a form of street art, which has existed from ancient times. People have always pictured or left inscriptions on walls and they continue doing it as an important form of creative expression today. It is also considered to be a form of visual communication, although some people find it illegal. They think that it’s an unauthorized marking of public space by groups of young people. Graffiti is often understood as antisocial behavior, however it still remains an expressive art form. They say that the term is derived from Greek work ‘graphein’, which means ‘to write’. Others think it comes from the Italian word ‘graffio’, which means ‘to scratch’. Similar inscriptions have been found in Ancient Rome, in Mayan cities, in Spain of the 16th century. Modern graffiti has developed in New York and Philadelphia in 1960s. For a decade it was considered to be the act of vandalism. Local people hated the aggressive inscriptions on walls, calling them an illegal eyesore and punishing by fines. Since then, graffiti has notably changed along with the attitude to it. It was no more a subway or poor ghetto areas’ art. It acquired the status of ‘street art’ and can be found anywhere. Graffiti has been a part of hip-hop culture in 1980s. One of the Dutch museums displays the examples of prominent graffiti as an art form. All graffiti artists have their own style and slang. To distinguish themselves from others they live their signature with special spray.
Перевод на русский язык. Граффити
Граффити это форма уличного искусства, которая существует с древних времен. Люди всегда изображали что-то или оставляли надписи на стенах, и они продолжают делать это сегодня только как форму творческого выражения. Его также считают одной из форм визуальной коммуникации, хотя некоторые люди находят это незаконным. Они думают, что это несанкционированная маркировка публичного пространства группами молодых людей. Граффити часто понимается как антиобщественное поведение, несмотря на это оно остается выразительным видом искусства. Одни говорят, что этот термин происходит от греческого слова «graphein», что означает «писать». Другие думают, что он происходит от итальянского слова «graffio», что означает «царапать». Подобные надписи были найдены в Древнем Риме, в городах племен майя, в Испании 16-го века. Современное граффити появилось в Нью-Йорке и Филадельфии в 1960-е годы. В течение десяти лет оно считалось актом вандализма. Местные люди ненавидели эти агрессивные надписи на стенах, называя их незаконным бельмом на глазу и наказывая штрафами. С тех пор, граффити заметно изменилось, также как и отношением к нему. Это больше не было искусством метро или бедных гетто районов. Оно приобрело статус «уличного искусства» и могло встречаться повсюду. Граффити стало частью хип-хоп культуры в 1980-е годы. Один из голландских музеев выставил примеры выдающихся граффити, в качестве работ искусства. Все граффитчики имеют свой собственный стиль и сленг. Чтобы выделить себя среди других, они оставляют подпись, сделанную особой краской.
Some people claim that graffiti is vandalism, while others argue that graffiti is a special art form that should be admired. In this essay, I will try to look upon this issue.
From my point of view, graffiti should not be respected, because it cannot be considered as art. Firstly, obscene words and senseless pictures are disgusting and disrespectful. Secondly, graffiti usually spoil monuments, memorial walls, tombstones, metro carriages… And the last but not the least is that graffiti is not agreed with the city government or with building owners, that is the cause why graffiti artists are punished by law.
That is why I believe that graffiti is more vandalism than art and I cannot admit it.
However, some people believe that such “artworks” should be seen with fascination. They support their opinion by the fact that graffiti is the great way of self-expression that conveys the important massage or explains something to the people. Besides, graffiti can make deserted houses and fences look more vivid. These arguments make people think that graffiti is a modern art form.
Nevertheless, I do not agree with these arguments because they are not convincing for me. This is exactly owing to my belief that graffiti is just not the right way of self-realization that results in spoiled surrounding infrastructure.
In conclusion, I would like to state that graffiti is more like vandal action deed than a piece of art and it should not be promoted or admired. Therefore, I vote against it.
It is said that art plays a very important spiritual role in our life. But nowadays people are speaking much about graffiti. Some people think that graffiti is an art, others think that graffiti is vandalism. Who is right? As for me, I strongly believe that graffiti is an art.
Now I will try to prove my point of view. Firstly, graffiti makes our cities more attractive. Usually cities are grey, and graffiti helps to make them brighter. Secondly, graffiti develops teenagers’ talents. Thirdly, graffiti prevents teenagers from drugs, alcohol, and other harmful addictions.
But there is another point of viewon the problem. Some people are quite sure that graffiti is vandalism. They think that it is illegal, and graffiti shows bad sides of cities. I don`t agree with these people. In cities politicians participate in opening graffiti walls and ”graffiti battles”, and all people, both old and young, like graffiti. Besides, many shops in London, Brighton and other British towns, are decorated with graffiti because it shows the best sides of towns and cities.
In conclusion, I would like to underline that I am for graffiti. Of course I can`t but agree that the problem needs further discussion. So many people, so many opinions.
Говорят, что искусство играет очень важную роль в нашей жизни. Сейчас люди много говорят о граффити. Некоторые люди думают, что граффити- вандализм. Кто прав? Что касается меня, я уверен, что граффити – искусство.
Сейчас я попытаюсь доказать свою точку зрения. Во-первых, граффити делаетнаши города ярче. Обычно города серые, а граффити помогает сделать их ярче. Во-вторых, граффити развивает таланты нашей молодёжи. В-третьих, граффити отвлекает молодёжь от наркотиков, алкоголя и других вредных зависимостей.
Но существует другая точка зрения. Некоторые люди уверены, что граффити-вандализм. Они считают, что граффити нелегально, и оно показывает плохие черты города. Я не согласен с этими людьми. Во многих городах, представители власти открывают граффити стены и граффити батлы. Много людей и в возрасте, и молодых, любят граффити. И многие магазины в Лондоне, Брайтоне украшены при помощи граффити, и это демонстрирует хорошие черты городов.
В конце я хочу подчеркнуть, что я за граффити. Сколько людей, столько и мнений.
Copyright © Russian centres of City and Guilds, 2011-2012
Муниципальное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение лицей №7 г.Томска
Проектная работа
по английскому языку
«Граффити-искусство или хулиганство»
«Graffiti-art or vandalism»
Работу выполнили ученики 7А класса: Асаев Роман, Кузькин Роман, Сорокин Роман.
Куратор работы: учитель английского языка Лазарева С.В.
Томск 2013
Contents
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………3
History of Graffiti……………………………………………………………………..4
Types and styles ………………………………………..……………………………..5
Art or Vandalism……………………………………………………………………….7
The survey ………………………………………………………………………………….8
Conclusion ………………..……………………………………………………………….9
Internet sources ……….…………………………………………………………………10
Enclosure №1 Questions for survey “Graffiti-art or vandalism.” ……………………11
The aim of the project work: learn and sum up information about graffiti, exploring the pictures of graffiti and teenagers’ relation to them.
Цель проектной работы: изучение и обобщение знаний о граффити, а так же исследование рисунков граффити и отношение к ним учащихся нашей школы.
Project problems:
Learn the history and developing of graffiti;
Explore the different types of graffiti;
Find out the teens’ attitude to this kindof modern art;
Write and draw own pictures.
Задачи проекта:
Проследить историю возникновения и развития граффити;
Изучить разные виды граффити ;
Исследовать отношение подростков к этому виду современного искусства;
Создать свои рисунки и надписи в стиле граффити.
Suppose: not all pictures and words on the fences and walls are the objects of art.
Гипотеза: Предположим, что не все рисунки на стенах и заборах являются объектом искусства.
Graffiti- is writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place. An usual artist uses paper and canvas for his work, but graffiti artists use for their works walls. We can see graffiti on the walls, in the yards, near the railway. It can be nice and really decorate the surrounding view. Some people admire the work of the so called artist, but the others think that it was vandalism and makes the world look bad. But it cannot be denied that graffiti is notable fact.
Love or hate it graffiti is part of the everyday urban world. It’s a fact that Banksy and other well-known street artists, who are now household names, have busted the whole urban art scene wide open, brought it forefront into the public’s attention and it seems the room to sit on the fence with an opinion as to whether it is an art-form or vandalism just got a whole lot narrower.
Graffiti however, still to this day remains an illegal art and the city authorities across the globe spend millions every year cleaning it up. Some would question, what exactly is the point of spending time and taking the risk to do an act which will be removed within a few days? Others will argue rules make a boring city, no character or self-expression. Nowadays some people consider that even the simplest thing such as photographing anomalous objects stacked on top of each other constitutes as being an acceptable art-form. While graffiti art in the appreciative eye, simply uses the urban environment as a creative canvas to showcase an innovative talent. So is graffiti, art or vandalism?
History of Graffiti
Graffiti appeared long ago. The word “Graffiti” came from the Italian word «graffiato» (“scratched”).
The earliest forms of graffiti date back to 30,000 BC in the form of prehistoric cave paintings and pictographs using tools such as Animal bones and pigments. Historic forms of graffiti have helped gain understanding into the lifestyles and languages of past cultures. These illustrations were often placed in ceremonial and sacred locations inside of the caves. The images drawn on the walls showed scenes of animal wildlife and hunting expeditions in most circumstances. This form of graffiti is subject to disagreement considering it is likely that members of prehistoric society endorsed the creation of these illustrations.
The only known source of the Safaitic language, a form of proto-Arabic, is from graffiti: inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and boulders in the predominantly basalt desert of southern Syria, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. Safaitic dates from the first century BC to the fourth century AD.
The first known example of “modern style” graffiti survives in the ancient Greek city of Ephesus. The ancient Romans carved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also survive in Egypt.
It was not only the Greeks and Romans that produced graffiti: the Mayan site of Tikal in Guatemala also contains ancient examples.
Viking graffiti survive in Rome and in Ireland. There are also examples of graffiti occurring in American history, such as Signature Rock, a national landmark along the Oregon Trail.
The history of modern graffiti is also very interesting. Writing on walls all started when cavemen drew on walls and boulders, but graffiti had not begun appearing on the subway cars and buses in New York and Chicago until the 1970’s. Most of the time graffiti was associated with inner city gang’s mainly in Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles in the 1970’s.
In New York City the trend of “tagging”, or writing one’s name, on subway cars is most often credited to Taki 183, a seventeen year old from 183rd Street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, whose job as a messenger required him to travel on the trains everyday. Taki began writing his name all over the trains and stations of the transit system, and it wasn’t too long before people started to notice. On July 21, 1971, the New York Times ran an article entitled “Taki 183 Spawns Pen Pals,” and it made a folk hero out of young Taki.
Of course, the New York Times wasn’t the only one who noticed. All over New York, more and more kids became enamored of the idea of their name traveling across the city every day and being seen by thousands upon thousands of commuters.
The first notice about graffiti in Russia appeared in 1985, when there were the first “Brake-dance” festivals. Their posters had pictures of graffiti, and soon this art became popular. Although graffiti historically was never completely welcome in Russia, as graffiti artists were often part of Russia’s underground movement, modern trends have made the practice more mainstream and accepted. Moscow’s Dream Energy graffiti festival “encourages Russia’s graffiti artists to come out and let their creativity go wild, painting the gray walls of Moscow’s ubiquitous power stations”. “Grammatika”, a graffiti show that took place in Russia from March 12 to March 18, 2012, featured work from twelve Russian graffiti writers. Founded by Berlin graffiti writer Akim, “Sign Your Style” is a graffiti festival, held in Moscow on May 7, and on May 13 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In the preview video, Petro, a judge for the competition part of the festival, shows in how he expects writers participating to “simply go off and get creative”, by freestyling some futurist outlines, doing a blind folded one-liner piece, and a throwing up some handstyle alphabets. The purpose of this Russian festival is to expand the originality and unique subtleties in Russian graffiti style.
Types and styles
Types of graffiti
1) Tagging. One can safely say that this kind is the beginning of the graffiti history. But nowadays it is regarded only as its addition. Tag is a writer’s signature, his nickname written in one colour. It is an integral part of graffiti, put to all works. Some of the most common styles of graffiti have their own names. A “tag” is the most basic writing of an artist’s name, it is simply a handstyle. A graffiti writer’s tag is his or her personalized signature. Tagging is often the example given when opponents of graffiti refer to any acts of handstyle graffiti writing (it is by far the most common form of graffiti). Tags can contain subtle and sometimes cryptic messages, and might incorporate the artist’s crew initials or other letters.
2)Bombing. Another form is the “throw-up”, also known as a “bombing” which is normally painted very quickly with two or three colors, sacrificing aesthetics for speed. Throw-ups can also be outlined on a surface with one color. Usually it is painted on transport at a very rapid pace. Today bombers use for their purposes overland trains. Not quality but quantity of paintings, made in a very short time, is the aim of bombing.
3)Writing — is graffiti inscriptions in its common sense, paintings of different styles made by writers on the walls of carriages.
4)Scratching (scrabbing). Equally with tagging scratching is oneof the graffiti additions. It is made on the windows in transport with a grindstone.
Styles of graffiti
1)Throw up. It is the simplest graffiti style used by bombers for whom speed of implementation is more important than quality. Very often it is used by beginners. The home of this style is New-York. The style is characterized by the curved lines of letters painted out from inside with a certain colour. First colour is for contour, the second is for painting. Only two colours are chiefly used: black and white, or black and silver. The most important condition is the contrast of colours.
2)Blockbusters. This style is also regards as a simple one. The home city of blockbusters style is Los-Angeles. Big and wide letters can be written only in one colour. There is an opinion that this style was used by street bands for demarcation of the affected areas. As a rule, graffiti is made by a team, where each person does his own job. In the end each participant put his tag to his picture (writer’s tag).
3)Dynamic styles. There are included all the trends that were popular in 80-s of the XXth century in New-York. They were used in painting of railway carriages. That is why there is the strongly marked dynamics of forms which should be watched only in movement. Wild Style — is a style of graffiti very difficult for reading. It is like the height of a writer’s craftsmanship. To make a wild style graffiti it is important not only to choose the contours in a right way but also to mix colours correctly. A more complex style is “wildstyle”, a form of graffiti usually involving interlocking letters and connecting points. These pieces are often harder to read by non-graffiti artists as the letters merge into one another in an often undecipherable manner. Some artists also use stickers as a quick way to catch ups. While certain critics from within graffiti culture consider this lazy, stickers can be quite detailed in their own right, and are often used in conjunction with other materials. Sticker tags are commonly done on blank postage stickers, as these can be easily acquired with no cost on the writers part.Military style. Different colours and letters (“loop”) are combined in a fantastic manner. It is a dynamic and emotional style.Gentle dynamic style. It is connected with the previous one. But lines in spite of dynamics of the image become more gentle.
4)Electical style — is the next after the wild style according to the level of complication. It is some kind of reflection of the writer’s craftsmanship. Painting graffiti of this style, one can create new directions.
5)FX (Daim style, 3D) — graffiti — three-dimensional letter images. Not every writer can paint in this style. It was created by Daim, the member of one of the most famous graffiti team FX Cru.
6)Character. Caricatures and commixes. Here appears a frame with the personage’s speech, typical of all commixes. Writers, possessing artistic skills, prefer this style of graffiti.
7)Bubble graffiti. All letters look like soap-bubbles, ready to burst. Two or three colours are used in this style. It is very popular among the beginners.
Many graffiti artists believe that doing complex pieces involves too great an investment of time to justify the practice. Doing a piece can take (depending on experience and size) 30 minutes to months on end, as was the case for Saber MSK while working on the world’s largest graffiti piece on the LA river.
Another graffiti artist can go over a piece in a matter of minutes with a simple throw up. This was exemplified by the writer “CAP” in the documentary Style Wars, who, other writers complain, ruins pieces with his quick throw ups. This became known as “capping” and is often done when there is “beef”, conflict between writers.
Art or Vandalism
Graffiti art is a form of self-expression. It’s another way artists can show their talent and opinions to the public. Graffiti is street art, often done over a period of time, which characterizes an artist or group. Vandalism is the intentional destruction of property with the sole purpose of doing something illegal and taboo. Though the two are often lumped together in conversation and subject, there is a defining line between them.
Today Graffiti is a kind of streets’ art, one of the most actual form of art self-expression all around the world. Creations of graffiti artists became the separate kind of modern art, a part of city’s life and culture. A lot of countries and cities have got their own famous writers, who make the real masterpieces of art. In many countries drawing on someone’s property without permission is considered to be an act of vandalism and can be punished.
Sometimes graffiti can use to get abroad some political and social information. Tastes differ, and graffiti may be the real art for one people but vandalism for another. In all civilized countries graffiti is a kind of art. Some graffiti artists are against any form of vandalism on private property such as people’s houses, schools or churches. Most respectful artists are against defacing another person’s art by tagging on or over the piece. Most importantly, the majority strive to make their art viewable by everyone, which means no excessive cursing or tags on stores in which you must be 18 or older to enter.
Graffiti artists have their own rules:
1) Don’t paint the houses, had cultural value;
2) Don’t force your ideas on people;
3) Don’t write on the other artists’ works;
4) Don’t write on the tombs: painting on memorial walls means death!
But not everyone obey the rules. Some persons only constitute themselves graffiti artists, but they are vandals in deed! Don’t forget that writing words such as “Sasha+Masha” and” Vasya was here” are not the art!
Our town is not clear of worldwide developing of street-art. We can see different graffiti on the walls, houses and fences. It’s glad that lots of them can be considered by cultural point of view. We had examined 1 hundred of student from our lyceum (Enclosure №1) and found out their relations to graffiti.
The results of our survey you can see in these diagrams.
What’s your relation to Graffiti?
63%of students are interested in Graffiti
21% don’t like it and 16% don’t care about it.
Is Graffiti a kind of art or vandalism?
54% think it’s an art
13% think it’s a vandalism
33% think it’s a way of self-realization
Do you try yourself as a graffiti artist?
62% only watch the pictures
17% can write “tag”
21% are active graffiti artists
As for my friends and I, we’ve been interested in graffiti for several years. Some of us have got their own works on paper and on the walls and buildings. We write them in different styles.
We write our pictures because we want to show them to everyone and make our town better. We are looking for people’s understanding and acceptance. I’d like to show you some of my works.
Conclusion:
We found out the following:
•The word “Graffiti” appeared long ago;
•Graffiti started in USA at the beginning of 70th;
•Modern graffiti is a subject image sometimes of poster type, with cartoon or naive pictures;
•This art is in progress, and it can have a stunning future;
•We can see the creation of this art in Tomsk too. Even among our students there are few graffiti artists.
We came to the conclusion that graffiti is a way of self-realization of teenagers.
Graffiti is an artistic property that people have and should show to the whole world through exhibitions, museums, and art galleries dedicated to them. Artistic graffiti is important because it motivated and still motivates, young kids and adults, to be creative, allows them to view themselves as artists, and helps them to become better role models who love art and make it their own.
Well… the famous saying “art is in the eye of the beholder” cannot be better suited in order to form your own opinion, regardless of what government laws attempt to impose upon you. It is your personal right and privilege to decide yourself, however as such in every art-form there will also be an opposite critic to contradict whatever your view is. The controversy surrounding this debate keeps the scene extremely vibrant and exciting! You are your one and only beholder. It’s your choice.
Internet sources:
1. Википедия.- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti
2. Граффити становится искусством и поднимает свои стандарты – http://www.corsar- art.nm.ru/site/write/graffiti.htm
3. Art Crimes – The Writing on the Wall – graffiti art worldwide- http://www.graffiti.org/
4. Граффити в Томске.- http://graffiti.tomsk.ru/
Enclosure №1
Questions for survey “Graffiti-art or vandalism.”
1. What’s your relation to Graffiti?
а) I’m interested in Graffiti. b) I don’t like it. с) I don’t care about it.
2.Is Graffiti a kind of art or vandalism?
А) Yes, it’s an art. b) No, it’s a vandalism. с) It’s a way of self-realization.
3.Do you try yourself as a graffiti artist?
а) No, I only watch the pictures. b) Sometimes I write «tag». с) I’m an active graffiti artist.
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The term graffiti comes from Greek word ‘graphein’ which means ’to write’.
Street art ‘graffiti’ had arisen in New York. The scrawled names and slogan were seen as ugly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of ‘street art’ and you get where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys.
Graffiti became very popular in 80s due to hip-hop subculture. It became as a part of hip-hop subculture.
The Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few in the world that displays and recognized graffiti as an art form.
History of Russian graffiti began in 1985 along with craze on break-dance. The first graffiti’s package the festival decoration, then were shocking people.
Every graffiti artist has their style. Graffiti artists have put on a special slang. Most graffiti artists prefer to be called ‘writers’. A writer’s signature with spray paint or marker is called a ‘tag’. Communities of writers who are friends are know as ‘crews’. Those writers who are inexperienced or new to an area are called ‘toys’. Also exist precepts of use spray paint. Professional graffiti artist has special protectants: mask and gloves.
Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art, other think that graffiti is vandalism.
In my opinion, graffiti is vandalism, because it makes our cities look really run-down and ugly.
Essay Sample 09
Музланова Е.С.
Comment on the following statement:
Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art whereas others consider it to be pure vandalism.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
– explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
Some people think that graffiti is art, whereas others do not agree with this point of view. They consider it something that spoils walls and mood.
I think that graffiti is another form of art. First of all, it can look really beautiful if it is painted by a talented artist. Second, usually it is drawn on horribly looking walls which can not be made to look worse. Graffiti is also a way for many young people to express themselves.
At the same time there are people who say that it is absolute vandalism and should be forbidden. Graffiti looks horrible and puts people into a bad state of mind!
Well, there are awfully looking graffiti that probably should be removed, nevertheless, there are a lot of good looking graffiti that cheers up people. It can give a person some thoughts to think of as well.
In conclusion, I would like to say that we should not label or stereotype things or events. Abstractionism was treated in the same suspicious or even bad way but then it turned out to be among the best art and other masterpieces that cost a fortune. Thus, I strongly believe that graffiti is a type of art that can bring people a lot of pleasure.
or
In conclusion, I would like to say that there are opposing views on this issue. At first sight graffiti might seem as vandalism but in actual fact it is a sort of art since can bring the same emotions. Thus, I strongly believe that graffiti is a new type of art that is being gradually developed.
Read by George William Dole
Nowadays there are different kinds of art and one of the most popular is graffiti. However, some people are against such creativeness. They think that graffiti is vandalism and people shouldn’t do it.
In my opinion, skill of graffiti is amazing workmanship. First of all, graffiti is the best way of town decoration. In a city there are a great number of boring and similar skyscrapers. Every person wants to see some new and unusual and to be of good cheer when he or she is going to work. Secondly, graffiti is the great way of self-expression. Painters of graffiti have wonderful imagination and a big space for art. They can share their art with the entire city and present people their beautiful creations.
Despite this, many people don’t like such kind of art. They think that a majority of painters draws on garages, fences etc. They just spoil property and don’t care about harm which they do.
I disagree with such opinion. When graffiti only appears at the first time as art people really paints everywhere. But now there are special places for this creativeness.
To sum up, I’d like to say that graffiti is wonderful art and people should develop it and use as decoration of their everyday life.
New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as something menacing and an example of urban decay. The scrawled names and slogans were seen as unsightly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of ‘street art’ and you get graffiti in places where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the Wall Street Journal’s official website! In the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art and the sophisticated Manhattan art world had displays of street art in its galleries. The trend was short-lived – until the arrival of hip-hop music in the late 80s.
In her book, Subway Art, Martha Cooper says “Graffiti came back with hip-hop music and people are now appreciating it for its style, which they couldn’t back then, because they couldn’t get beyond the vandalism thing.” Hip-hop was originally black ghetto music, sung by young African Americans from the poor, run-down districts of American cities. When it suddenly got to the top of the American music charts, hip-hop culture was spread, bringing graffiti with it.
Today companies are starting to realise the appeal of graffiti in advertising. Kel Rodriguez, who used to spray New York subway trains, was the artist chosen to design the Wall Street Journal’s website and it is obviously done in graffiti-style. “Some of that graffiti feeling, that energy, sort of got in there,” Rodriguez explained. Many of this new wave of artists give lectures on developments in their art. Lee Quindnesis having a lot of success in Europe and feels that European galleries and museums are more open to his art form. “They want to support an artist as he develops,” comments Quinones, who can get up to $10,000 for his paintings. Indeed, the Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few museums in the world that displays and recognizes graffiti as an art form.
Another artist, Blade, has his own website devoted only to the world of graffiti. This website has a ‘merchandise page’ where Blade sells things with his own original designs all over the world – everything from baseball caps to yo-yos! Leonard McGurr, a street artist for 25 years, went from painting subway trains to designing and marketing graffiti-inspired clothes for young people. “Graffiti has been a story of survival,” he says. “There’s a way to benefit from your work without spoiling public property.”
The term graffiti comes from Greek word ‘graphein’ which means ’to write’.
Street art ‘graffiti’ had arisen in New York. The scrawled names and slogan were seen as ugly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of ‘street art’ and you get where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys.
Graffiti became very popular in 80s due to hip-hop subculture. It became as a part of hip-hop subculture.
The Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few in the world that displays and recognized graffiti as an art form.
History of Russian graffiti began in 1985 along with craze on break-dance. The first graffiti’s package the festival decoration, then were shocking people.
Every graffiti artist has their style. Graffiti artists have put on a special slang. Most graffiti artists prefer to be called ‘writers’. A writer’s signature with spray paint or marker is called a ‘tag’. Communities of writers who are friends are know as ‘crews’. Those writers who are inexperienced or new to an area are called ‘toys’. Also exist precepts of use spray paint. Professional graffiti artist has special protectants: mask and gloves.
Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art, other think that graffiti is vandalism.
In my opinion, graffiti is vandalism, because it makes our cities look really run-down and ugly.
Топик Уличное искусство рассказывает о зарождении, развитии и признании широкими массами «стрит-арта» или «граффити». До 1970 года надписи и лозунги, нарисованные на стенах домов бедных кварталов Нью-Йорка и вагонах метро, рассматривались как агрессивная работа вандалов, стремящихся выразить свою индивидуальность или политическую точку зрения. В начале 1980-х наблюдался реальный расцвет граффити, затем это искусство вновь вернулось, в конце 80-х годов, с появлением музыкального направления хип-хоп. Уличному искусству посвящено много книг, его используют рекламные агентства, многие европейские галереи и музеи стали размещать у себя произведения уличного искусства. В настоящее время стрит-арт повсюду: в рекламе, на одежде, на игрушках и даже на официальных сайтах.
New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as something menacing and an example of urban decay. The scrawled names and slogans were seen as unsightly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of “street art” and you get graffiti in places where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the Wall Street Journal’s official website! In the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art and the sophisticated Manhattan art world had displays of street art in its galleries. The trend was short-lived – until the arrival of hip-hop music in the late 80s.
In her book, “Subway Art”, Martha Cooper says: “Graffiti came back with hip-hop music and people are now appreciating it for its style, which they couldn’t back then, because they couldn’t get beyond the vandalism thing.” Hip-hop was originally black ghetto music, sung by young African Americans from the poor, run-down districts of American cities. When it suddenly got to the top of the American music charts, hip-hop culture was spread, bringing graffiti with it.
Today companies are starting to realise the appeal of graffiti in advertising. Kel Rodriguez, who used to spray New York subway trains, was the artist chosen to design the Wall Street Journal’s website and it is obviously done in graffiti-style. “Some of that graffiti feeling, that energy, sort of got in there,” Rodriguez explained. Many of this new wave of artists give lectures on developments in their art. Lee Quindnesis having a lot of success in Europe and feels that European galleries and museums are more open to his art form. “They want to support an artist as he develops,” comments Quinones, who can get up to $10,000 for his paintings. Indeed, the Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few museums in the world that displays and recognizes graffiti as an art form.
Another artist, Blade, has his own website devoted only to the world of graffiti. This website has a “merchandise page” where Blade sells things with his own original designs all over the world – everything from baseball caps to yo-yos! Leonard McGurr, a street artist for 25 years, went from painting subway trains to designing and marketing graffiti-inspired clothes for young people. “Graffiti has been a story of survival,” he says. “There’s a way to benefit from your work without spoiling public property.”
Until relatively recently, graffiti was consider to be an example of anti-social behaviour, the of vandals. Nowadays, many of those “vandals” are treated as respected artists, and some of them have made it in the world of business.
New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighbourhoods and subway trains as something menacing and an example of urban decay. The scrawled names and slogan were seen as ugly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of “street art” and you get where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys, and even on the Wall Street Journal”s official website! In the early 1980s, there was a real craze for graffiti art and the sophisticated Manhattan art world had displays of street art in its galleries. The trend was short-lived – until the arrival of hip-hop music in the late 80s. In her book, Subway Art, Martha Cooper says: “Graffiti came back with hip-hop music and people are now appreciating it for its style, which they couldn”t back then, because they couldn”t get beyond the vandalism thing”.
Hip-hop was originally black ghetto music, sung by young African Americans from the poor, run-down districts of American cities. When it suddenly got to the top of the American music charts, hip-hop culture was spread, bringing graffiti with it.
Today companies are starting to realise the appeal of graffiti in advertising. Kel Rodriguez, who used to spray New York subway trains, was the artist chosen to design the Wall Street Journal”s website and in graffiti style.
“Some of that graffiti feeling, that energy, sort of got in there”. Rodriguez explained.
Many of this new wave of artists give lectures on developments in their art. Lee Quinones is having a lot of success in Europe and feels that European galleries and museums are more open to his art form.
‘They want to support an artist as he develops’, comments Quinones, who can get up to $10,000 for his paintings.
Indeed, the Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few in the world that displays and recognized graffiti as an art form.
Another artist, Blade, has his own website devoted only to the world of graffiti. This website has a ‘merchandise page’ where Blade sells things with his own original designs all over the world – everything from baseball caps to yo-yos!
Leonard McGurr, a street artist for 25 years, went from painting subway trains to designing and marketing graffiti-inspired clothes for young people.
‘Graffiti has been a story of survival’, he says. ‘There’s a way to benefit from your work without spoiling public property.’
The term graffiti comes from Greek word ‘graphein’ which means ’to write’.
Street art ‘graffiti’ had arisen in New York. The scrawled names and slogan were seen as ugly and aggressive, the work of vandals seeking to express their identities or even make a political point. Up to the 1970s, most New Yorkers hated graffiti, considering it as an eyesore that was illegal and punishable by fines.
Since those days, graffiti has changed a lot and it is no longer found only in the subway and the poor ghetto areas of the city. Nowadays, it has the status of “street art” and you get where you wouldn’t expect to – in advertisements, on clothes, on toys. Graffiti became very popular in 80s due to hip-hop subculture. It became as a part of hip-hop subculture.
The Groninger Museum in Holland is one of the few in the world that displays and recognized graffiti as an art form.
History of Russian graffiti began in 1985 along with craze on break-dance. The first graffiti’s package the festival decoration, then were shocking people.
Every graffiti artist has their style. Graffiti artists have put on a special slang. Most graffiti artists prefer to be called ‘writers’. A writer’s signature with spray paint or marker is called a ‘tag’. Communities of writers who are friends are know as ‘crews’. Those writers who are inexperienced or new to an area are called ‘toys’. Also exist precepts of use spray paint. Professional graffiti artist has special protectants: mask and gloves.
Some people think that graffiti is another form of expressing art, other think that graffiti is vandalism.
In my opinion, graffiti is vandalism, because it makes our cities look really run-down and ugly.