?есть преодоления безоговорочного приоритета собственных традиций, что проявляется на всех уровнях взаимодействия людей в современном обществе.
Развиваясь в этом направлении, современная философия пытается выйти на уровень, способствующий разрешению проблем, захватывающих планетарное сообщество в целом, обращаясь к наднациональным, кросскультурным, общечеловеческим ценностям. В условиях мозаики культур народов, населяющих нашу планету, общечеловеческие ценности не могут пониматься однозначно. Они должны рассматриваться каждый раз с учетом уникальных национальных культур, а для этого их значимость должна осознаваться людьми, живущими в несхожих культурах [2, 224].
Список литературы
1. Воробьев В.В. Лингвокультурология: теория и методы. Москва, 1997.
2. Рикер П. Время и рассказ. Конфигурация в вымышленном рассказе. Т. М.: Эдиториал УРСС, 2000. 224 с.
UZBEKISTAN IS MY MOTHERLAND Sidiqova N.N.
Sidiqova Nozgul Nabiyevna – Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT, BUKHARA ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article is about my motherland sunny Uzbekistan and its historical places, monuments, culture.
Keywords: motherland, ancient, native, monument, history, architecture.
My motherland Uzbekistan is sunny and very beautiful in the world and I love my country. I just can compare it with paradise because there is nothing more like it.
The Republic of Uzbekistan declared September 1, 1991 the Day of Independence. The new country appeared on world map and its priorities were to establish a free democratic society and to develop a market economy. The Republic has been recognized by more than 165 countries and diplomatic relations have been established with more than 120. The embassies of more than 40 countries and many authorized international non-governmental agencies have set up their offices in Tashkent. The embassies of Uzbekistan operate in 25 countries of the world and its consulates 10 countries. The country joined the UN in March 1992 [1, 142].
There are many beautiful and attractive places in the world, Uzbekistan can be considered as one of them. Uzbekistan situated at the center of Central Asia and bordered with five neighbors Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Uzbekistan is prosperous one among them. In Uzbekistan, different nations live in peace and friendship. Uzbekistan is famous, in the world, for its hospitality and friendship. It is believed that the person who was born even in desert would say that it is paradise because it is his or her motherland.
We can speak about a great culture of Uzbeks’ without stopping. The culture and traditions of Uzbeks’ was known as a great one from history. If anybody has any doubt about it, them enough to be once in Uzbekistan and visit Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva.
One can be agree with me that people in Uzbekistan take care about each other. They respect each other and you can feel it in their speech. As example, you never hear as two well behaved people speak to each other with word “you”. They instead of it use “Aka” or “Opa” it means brother and sister. Elders are respected in Uzbek culture. At the table, younger guest will not make themselves more comfortable than their elders. The younger person should always greet the elder one first. Men typically greet each other with a handshake, the left hand held over the heart. Women place their right hand on the other’s elbow. If they are close friend or relatives, they may kiss each other on the cheeks. If two acquaintances meet on the street, they will usually ask each other how their affairs are. If the two don’t know each other well, the greeting will be shorter, or could involve just a nod.
Bread can be considered as important part of Uzbek culture. Uzbekistan is called as country of breads. At mealtime, bread will be spread to cover entire dusterhon. Traditional Uzbek bread, “tandir non”, is flat and round. It is always torn by hand, never placed upside down, and never thrown out.
“Choyxona” or teahouse is the focal point of the neighborhood’s men. It is always shaded and if possible located near a stream. Usually friends gather in Choyxona and make national meal which called “Palov”. I can give so more information about rich culture and traditions of Uzbeks’ but time is limited.
My country, my pride! This essay was written by Elyor Homeland is a catch-all term that refers to the most sacred and precious place for all human beings. When it comes to my motherland, Uzbekistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is its picturesque views, tranquil streets, kind-hearted people and world-renowned ever-lived brilliant minds. Therefore, with pride and confidence, I can surely say that I am very proud of my country! In this essay, I would like to point out some of the main reasons why my country is my pride. Firstly, we should not forget those who fought in bloody wars in order to achieve the freedom and glittery life that we are enjoying today. I am, thus, very thankful for living under the peaceful sky since nothing gives me as much pride as being part of a country where liberty dwells. Living in a calm and independent country, in my opinion, is the most significant thing because people, in some countries, such as Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq, always live with fear and doubt due to some threats or dangers like terrorism. It is a fact that when the people living in such countries hear the sound of “boom”, they usually get into a panic, thinking somebody bombed somewhere. However, when we, in our country, hear such sound, we are used to thinking that someone is sharing their happiness by letting off the fireworks in the sky. Accordingly, it is a really great pleasure to dwell in such a peaceful and tranquil country without any violence or war which can put the lives of people in jeopardy. Hence, it would be an exaggeration if I say that if the paradise is in the sky, Uzbekistan is under of it, if it is on the Earth, Uzbekistan is above it! Secondly, it is rather difficult for me to express by words how the youths are respectful towards elderly people and how the Uzbeks are friendly not only to each other but also to everyone who comes to our country as hospitality is in our blood. Whenever tourists or foreigners visit Uzbekistan, we have always been welcoming to them with sincere greetings, respecting them no matter who they are, and thus Uzbek nation is, indeed, renowned for its well-disposed people throughout the world. Moreover, I really appreciate the remarkable achievements in various fields we have notched up thus far, in a short span of time, especially in the eyes of world history. In the sphere of sport, let us just take the example of the last summer Olympic Games held in Rio where Uzbek athletes have won a total of thirteen medals, mostly in wrestling and boxing, ranking the seventeenth place in the world, and this result has been considered the highest one so far in the history of Uzbek sportsmen. In other words, seeing how our compatriots raise the national flag of Uzbekistan high to the sky gives me a big honor of being a citizen of this country! Finally, as our first president Islam Abduganievich Karimov said “There is no future without past”, we should know more about our great ancestors whose contributions to science like astronomy, medicine and mathematics were tremendous. Now, we can proudly follow their path in order to take our motherland towards prosperity! It is not everyone’s lot to be born in such a great country. This is why I am proud to be a son of this wonderful land!
UZBEKISTAN Is My Homeland.
Uzbekistan is approximately the size of Morocco and has an area of 447,400 square kilometers (172,700 sq mi). It is the 56th largest country in the world by area and the 42nd by population.4 Among the CIS countries; it is the 5th largest by area and the 3rd largest by population.5
Uzbekistan stretches 1,425 kilometers (885 mi) from west to east and 930 kilometers (578 mi) from north to south. Bordering Kazakhstan and the Aral Sea to the north and northwest, Turkmenistan to the southwest, Tajikistan to the southeast, and Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Uzbekistan is not only one of the larger Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border (less than 150 km) with Afghanistan to the south.
Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; it is one of two double-landlocked countries in the world, i.e., a country completely surrounded by land-locked countries – the other being Liechtenstein. Less than 10% of its territory is intensively cultivated irrigated land in river valleys and oases. The rest is vast desert (Kyzyl Kum) and mountains. The highest point in Uzbekistan is 4,643 meters (15,233 ft), located in the southern part of the Gissar Range in Surkhandarya Province, on the border with Tajikistan, just north-west of Dushanbe (formerly called Peak of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party, today apparently unnamed).5
The climate in the Republic of Uzbekistan is continental, with little precipitation expected annually (100–200 millimeters, or 3.9–7.9 inches). The average summer temperature tends to be 40 °C, while the average winter temperature is around 0 °C.6
Major cities include Bukhara, Samarqand, Namangan and the capital Tashkent.
Geography of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is a country of Central Asia, located north of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. With an area of 447,000 square kilometers (approximately the size of Spain or California), Uzbekistan stretches 1,425 kilometers from west to east and 930 kilometers from north to south. Bordering Turkmenistan to the southwest, Kazakstan to the north, and Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to the south and east, Uzbekistan is not only one of the larger Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all of the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan to the south. As the Caspian Sea is an inland sea with no direct link to the oceans, Uzbekistan is one of only two “doubly landlocked” countries — countries completely surrounded by other landlocked countries. The other is Liechtenstein.
Topography and drainage
The physical environment of Uzbekistan is diverse, ranging from the flat, desert topography that comprises almost 80% of the country’s territory to mountain peaks in the east reaching about 4,500 meters above sea level. The southeastern portion of Uzbekistan is characterized by the foothills of the Tian Shan mountains, which rise higher in neighboring Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and form a natural border between Central Asia and China. The vast Qizilqum (Turkic for “red sand”–Russian spelling Kyzyl Kum) Desert, shared with southern Kazakstan, dominates the northern lowland portion of Uzbekistan. The most fertile part of Uzbekistan, the Fergana Valley, is an area of about 21,440 square kilometers directly east of the Qizilqum and surrounded by mountain ranges to the north, south, and east. The western end of the valley is defined by the course of the Syr Darya, which runs across the northeastern sector of Uzbekistan from southern Kazakhstan into the Qizilqum. Although the Fergana Valley receives just 100 to 300 millimeters of rainfall per year, only small patches of desert remain in the center and along ridges on the periphery of the valley.
Water resources, which are unevenly distributed, are in short supply in most of Uzbekistan. The vast plains that occupy two-thirds of Uzbekistan’s territory have little water, and there are few lakes. The two largest rivers feeding Uzbekistan are the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, which originate in the mountains of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, respectively. These rivers form the two main river basins of Central Asia; they are used primarily for irrigation, and several artificial canals have been built to expand the supply of arable land in the Fergana Valley and elsewhere.
Another important feature of Uzbekistan’s physical environment is the significant seismic activity that dominates much of the country. Indeed, much of Uzbekistan’s capital city, Tashkent, was destroyed in a major earthquake in 1966, and other earthquakes have caused significant damage before and since the Tashkent disaster. The mountain areas are especially prone to earthquakes.
Climate
Uzbekistan’s climate is classified as continental, with hot summers and cool winters. Summer temperatures often surpass 40°C; winter temperatures average about -2°C, but may fall as low as -40°C. Most of the country also is quite arid, with average annual rainfall amounting to between 100 and 200 millimeters and occurring mostly in winter and spring. Between July and September, little precipitation falls, essentially stopping the growth of vegetation during that period.
Environmental problems
Despite Uzbekistan’s rich and varied natural environment, decades of environmental neglect in the Soviet Union have combined with skewed economic policies in the Soviet south to make Uzbekistan one of the gravest of the CIS’s many environmental crises. The heavy use of agrochemicals, diversion of huge amounts of irrigation water from the two rivers that feed the region, and the chronic lack of water treatment plants are among the factors that have caused health and environmental problems on an enormous scale.
Environmental devastation in Uzbekistan is best exemplified by the catastrophe of the Aral Sea. Because of diversion of the Amu Darya and Syrdariya for cotton cultivation and other purposes, what once was the world’s fourth largest inland sea has shrunk in the past thirty years to only about one-third of its 1960 volume and less than half its 1960 geographical size. The desiccation and salinization of the lake have caused extensive storms of salt and dust from the sea’s dried bottom, wreaking havoc on the region’s agriculture and ecosystems and on the population’s health. Desertification has led to the large-scale loss of plant and animal life, loss of arable land, changed climatic conditions, depleted yields on the cultivated land that remains, and destruction of historical and cultural monuments. Every year, many tons of salts reportedly are carried as far as 800 kilometers away. Regional experts assert that salt and dust storms from the Aral Sea have raised the level of particulate matter in the earth’s atmosphere by more than 5%, seriously affecting global climate change.
The Aral Sea disaster is only the most visible indicator of environmental decay, however. The Soviet approach to environmental management brought decades of poor water management and lack of water or sewage treatment facilities; inordinately heavy use of pesticides, herbicides, defoliants, and fertilizers in the fields; and construction of industrial enterprises without regard to human or environmental impact. Those policies present enormous environmental challenges throughout Uzbekistan.
Natural hazards: NA
Environment – current issues: drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT
Environment – international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Water pollution
Large-scale use of chemicals for cotton cultivation, inefficient irrigation systems, and poor drainage systems are examples of the conditions that led to a high filtration of salinized and contaminated water back into the soil. Post-Soviet policies have become even more dangerous; in the early 1990s, the average application of chemical fertilizers and insecticides throughout the Central Asian republics was twenty to twenty-five kilograms per hectare, compared with the former average of three kilograms per hectare for the entire Soviet Union. As a result, the supply of fresh water has received further contaminants. Industrial pollutants also have damaged Uzbekistan’s water. In the Amu Darya, concentrations of phenol and oil products have been measured at far above acceptable health standards. In 1989 the minister of health of the Turkmen SSR described the Amu Darya as a sewage ditch for industrial and agricultural waste substances. Experts who monitored the river in 1995 reported even further deterioration.
In the early 1990s, about 60% of pollution control funding went to water-related projects, but only about half of cities and about one-quarter of villages have sewers. Communal water systems do not meet health standards; much of the population lacks drinking water systems and must drink water straight from contaminated irrigation ditches, canals, or the Amu Darya itself.
According to one report, virtually all the large underground fresh-water supplies in Uzbekistan are polluted by industrial and chemical wastes. An official in Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Environment estimated that about half of the country’s population lives in regions where the water is severely polluted. The government estimated in 1995 that only 230 of the country’s 8,000 industrial enterprises were following pollution control standards. ^ Historical Cities of Uzbekistan Popular tourist places in Uzbekistan
History and pictures of every interesting place and city in Uzbekistan. Tashkent
Tashkent is the capital of sovereign Uzbekistan. At present, Tashkent is one of the most important business centers of Central Asia. Present-day Tashkent is one of the most attractive Oriental cities. The architecture of Tashkent is unique, and the hospitality and friendliness of Tashkent people is amazing. Tashkent is about 2200 years old. It has evolved from a small ancient settlement into one of the largest Asian cities. Many memorable events of peace and war have taken place during the history of Tashkent, full of… Andijan
Andijan, is a city and administrative center in far eastern Uzbekistan in Andijan province, at the southeastern edge of the Fergana Valley. Andijan is about 475 km east of Tashkent, and about 45 km west of Osh, Kyrgyzstan. Andijan is a center for oil production and has a few oil refineries. Cotton production and processing remain the dominant economic activities. Andijan sits on an ancient riverbed (the Say River) and is known to have existed since the 9th century on a trade route into… Aral Sea
Millions of years ago, the northwestern parts of Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan were covered by a massive inland sea. When the waters receded, they left a broad plain of highly saline soil. One of the remnants of the ancient sea was the Aral Sea, the fourth largest inland body of water in the world… Baisun
South of Shakhrisabz, in the Surkhandarya province, along the ancient trade route of the Great Silk Road, hidden away in a beautiful valley, lies Baisun, an area on its way to becoming a household name among the culturally aware in Uzbekistan and Central Asia. Recently, Baisun has been included on the Unesco List of world heritage sites. It was in the nearby Baisuntau mountains that early man developed during the Palaeolithic era. Finds from cave sites in the area and… Bukhara
Bukhara is an ancient settlement with a history that goes back to the early centuries A. D. In the 6th century, it became the capital of the early feudal realm of the Bukhara oasis. As the Shakhristan, the centre of a shah’s realm, it was formed around an ancient citadel, but with the development of handicrafts and trade, new suburbs (rabads) arose beyond its walls which were included with the Shakhristan in a new fortified wall.
Remains of it dating back to the sixteenth century have survived… Chirchiq
Chirchiq is a city in eastern Uzbekistan, about 32 km northeast of Tashkent, along the Chirchiq River. Chirchiq lies among the Chatkal Mountains of the Tian Shan mountain range. It lies in the middle of an intensively cultivated area, producing mainly vegetables and fruits, including melons and grapes. A large electrochemical factory produces nitrogenous fertilizer for the region’s collective farms. Chirchiq’s industries also include the production of ferroalloys (a group of iron alloys) and machinery for… Fergana
Fergana is a city in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southern edge of the Fergana Valley. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, and about 75 km west of Andijan. Fergana has been a center of oil production in the Fergana Valley since the region’s first oil refinery was built near the city in 1908. Since then more refineries have been added, and Fergana is one of the most important centers of oil production and refining in Uzbekistan. Natural gas from western Uzbekistan is… ^ Ferghana Valley
The Ferghana Valley is the most densely populated region of Uzbekistan, with almost a third of the country’s population. It has nearly 25,000 sq. km of fertile land, and is a great oasis surrounded by the Kuramin mountain ridge in the North-West, Chatkal mountain range in the North, Fergana mountain range in the East, and Alai and Turkestan ranges in the South. There is scarcely a hectare of uncultivated land, the primary crop being cotton. In ancient times, the exceptional flora of… Karshi
Karshi is a city in southern Uzbekistan, in Kashqadaryo province, about 520 km south-southwest of Tashkent, and about 335 km north of Uzbekistan’s border with Afghanistan. In the early 1970s, the first section of a major irrigation project was completed to divert water from the Amu Darya River in Turkmenistan eastward into Uzbekistan to irrigate the land surrounding Karshi. The water from the Amu Darya is in addition to water already being diverted from the Zeravshan River near Bukhara, about… Khiva (Khorezm)
The history of Khorezm dates back so far, to ancient times, that only a few civilizations can equal its age. Many hundreds of years before the opening of the Great Silk Road, ancient Khorezm was already connected by water and land with Europe and the Orient, Siberia and the civilizations of the South. The great world civilizations of the time mingled in Khorezm. Their cultural interaction preceded the opening of the Great Silk Road. Khiva is located to the west of Khorezm region, at the… Kokand
Kokand is a city in eastern Uzbekistan, in the Fergana province at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. Kokand is 228 km southeast of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, 115 km west of Andijan, and 88 km west of the city of Fergana. Kokand sits at the junction of two main routes into the Fergana Valley, one leading northwest over the mountains to Tashkent, and the other west through Khujand. As a result, Kokand is the main transportation junction in the Fergana Valley. Kokand is a center for… Moynaq (Aral Sea)
Moynaq encapsulates more visibly than anywhere else the absurd tragedy of the receding Aral Sea. Once one of the sea’s two major fishing ports, it now stands some 40 km (25 mi) from the water. What remains of Moynaq’s redundant fishing fleet lies rusting on the sand, beside depressions marking the town’s futile efforts to keep channels open to the receding water. The town’s shrunken population of 2000 people now suffers the full force of the Aral Sea disaster, with hotter summers, colder… Margilan The city is located 12 kilometers from the regional center and is one of the oldest cities in the Fergana Valley. City area – 50 square meters. and a population of over 165 thousand people. Margilan located at an altitude of 475 meters above sea level. Located 15 km from Fergana and Kokand… Namangan
Namangan is a city in eastern Uzbekistan, on the northern edge of the Fergana Valley, about 430 km east of Tashkent, about 65 km west of Andijan, and about 75 km north of Fergana… Nukus
Nukus is a city in western Uzbekistan, capital of the Karakalpakistan Autonomous Republic, in the delta of the Amu Darya River. Nukus is about 1255 km west of Tashkent, and about 230 km south of Muynaq and the former shoreline of the Aral Sea. An increase in upstream irrigation needs reduced the downstream flow of the Amu Darya, contributing to the shrinking of the Aral and the disappearance of its plentiful fish stocks. Nukus is a center for the growing and processing of… Samarkand
Samarkand is situated in the Zerafshan Valley, and surrounded by the spurs of the Pamir-Alay ranges. Ancient Samarkand was well-known both in the East and the West. In the 4th c. BC, Samarkand, then called Marakanda, was one of the centers of culture and trade in the East.Samarkand equals such cradles of human civilization as Athens, Rome, Memphis, Alexandria… Shakhrisabz
It has been resolved by UNESCO to place the ancient city of Shakhrisabz on the list of world heritage memorials, a city which has left a significant mark on world civilization. The 2700th anniversary of the foundation of Shakhrisabz has been celebrated, demonstrating to the world the ancient value of this land, its greatness and beauty. Shakhrisabz, called “Kesh” in the Middle Ages – also known as ancient “Nautaca” – was nicknamed “Dilkesh” (“Kesh” means heart-pleasing) and… Termez
This is a kingdom of trade routes and brave warriors. This is a land famous worldwide for its richness in gold and laurite. Archeological discoveries have proven that the origin of agricultural civilization on this territory dates to before the 5th c. BC.
The earliest signs of culture appeared during the Stone Age. Tashkent Professional Tourism College I-course Theme:UZBEKISTAN Is My Homeland. DONE BY: Qodirov Xusan Group 60 CHECKED BY: Rasulova Shaxnoza
Tashkent-2011
Топик Узбекистан познакомит вас с одной из республик Центральной Азии. Всего их пять: Казахстан, Киргизия, Таджикистан, Туркмения и Узбекистан. Узбекистан имеет общие границы со всеми 4-мя республиками, а на юге граничит с Афганистаном. В Узбекистане летом – очень жарко, а зима чаще бывает холодной, но иногда и теплой – это признаки умеренно-континетального климата. В республике хорошо развито сельское хозяйство и промышленность.
Uzbekistan Republic is one of the five Republics of Central Asia. Uzbekistan is situated between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, the greatest Asian rivers. It is the region of flat-lands, mountains and deserts. The territory of the Republic covers 447,4 thousand square kilometers and is larger than Great Britain or Italy. Uzbekistan borders on Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Tajikistan and Turkmenia. In the South Uzbekistan borders on Afghanistan. The Republic consists of 12 regions and the Karakalpak Republic. There are about 80 towns and 86 settlements of urban type there.
The climate is continental. A great number of bright sunny days are good for cotton growing. Uzbekistan is one of the most important producers of cotton and silk. If you look at the map of the Uzbek Republic you will see coal, oil and natural gas resources, deposits of marble, non-ferrous and other metals including gold.
According to the last data the population of Uzbekistan is 20 million people. About 120 nations and nationalities live on its territory. Uzbeks represent more than 70% (percent) of the whole population. Titanic work to develop all sectors of the economy, of industry in particular, has been done in Uzbekistan. Once there was no industry there; today the Republic has more than 100 industries. Now planes, tractors, cotton harvesters, technical equipment for the textile and chemical industries are being manufactured in Uzbekistan.
?есть преодоления безоговорочного приоритета собственных традиций, что проявляется на всех уровнях взаимодействия людей в современном обществе.
Развиваясь в этом направлении, современная философия пытается выйти на уровень, способствующий разрешению проблем, захватывающих планетарное сообщество в целом, обращаясь к наднациональным, кросскультурным, общечеловеческим ценностям. В условиях мозаики культур народов, населяющих нашу планету, общечеловеческие ценности не могут пониматься однозначно. Они должны рассматриваться каждый раз с учетом уникальных национальных культур, а для этого их значимость должна осознаваться людьми, живущими в несхожих культурах [2, 224].
Список литературы
1. Воробьев В.В. Лингвокультурология: теория и методы. Москва, 1997.
2. Рикер П. Время и рассказ. Конфигурация в вымышленном рассказе. Т. М.: Эдиториал УРСС, 2000. 224 с.
UZBEKISTAN IS MY MOTHERLAND Sidiqova N.N.
Sidiqova Nozgul Nabiyevna – Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT, BUKHARA ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article is about my motherland sunny Uzbekistan and its historical places, monuments, culture.
Keywords: motherland, ancient, native, monument, history, architecture.
My motherland Uzbekistan is sunny and very beautiful in the world and I love my country. I just can compare it with paradise because there is nothing more like it.
The Republic of Uzbekistan declared September 1, 1991 the Day of Independence. The new country appeared on world map and its priorities were to establish a free democratic society and to develop a market economy. The Republic has been recognized by more than 165 countries and diplomatic relations have been established with more than 120. The embassies of more than 40 countries and many authorized international non-governmental agencies have set up their offices in Tashkent. The embassies of Uzbekistan operate in 25 countries of the world and its consulates 10 countries. The country joined the UN in March 1992 [1, 142].
There are many beautiful and attractive places in the world, Uzbekistan can be considered as one of them. Uzbekistan situated at the center of Central Asia and bordered with five neighbors Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Uzbekistan is prosperous one among them. In Uzbekistan, different nations live in peace and friendship. Uzbekistan is famous, in the world, for its hospitality and friendship. It is believed that the person who was born even in desert would say that it is paradise because it is his or her motherland.
We can speak about a great culture of Uzbeks’ without stopping. The culture and traditions of Uzbeks’ was known as a great one from history. If anybody has any doubt about it, them enough to be once in Uzbekistan and visit Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva.
One can be agree with me that people in Uzbekistan take care about each other. They respect each other and you can feel it in their speech. As example, you never hear as two well behaved people speak to each other with word “you”. They instead of it use “Aka” or “Opa” it means brother and sister. Elders are respected in Uzbek culture. At the table, younger guest will not make themselves more comfortable than their elders. The younger person should always greet the elder one first. Men typically greet each other with a handshake, the left hand held over the heart. Women place their right hand on the other’s elbow. If they are close friend or relatives, they may kiss each other on the cheeks. If two acquaintances meet on the street, they will usually ask each other how their affairs are. If the two don’t know each other well, the greeting will be shorter, or could involve just a nod.
Bread can be considered as important part of Uzbek culture. Uzbekistan is called as country of breads. At mealtime, bread will be spread to cover entire dusterhon. Traditional Uzbek bread, “tandir non”, is flat and round. It is always torn by hand, never placed upside down, and never thrown out.
“Choyxona” or teahouse is the focal point of the neighborhood’s men. It is always shaded and if possible located near a stream. Usually friends gather in Choyxona and make national meal which called “Palov”. I can give so more information about rich culture and traditions of Uzbeks’ but time is limited.
My country, my pride!
This essay was written by Elyor
Homeland is a catch-all term that refers to the most sacred and precious place for all human beings. When it comes to my motherland, Uzbekistan, the first thing that comes to my mind is its picturesque views, tranquil streets, kind-hearted people and world-renowned ever-lived brilliant minds. Therefore, with pride and confidence, I can surely say that I am very proud of my country! In this essay, I would like to point out some of the main reasons why my country is my pride.
Firstly, we should not forget those who fought in bloody wars in order to achieve the freedom and glittery life that we are enjoying today. I am, thus, very thankful for living under the peaceful sky since nothing gives me as much pride as being part of a country where liberty dwells. Living in a calm and independent country, in my opinion, is the most significant thing because people, in some countries, such as Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq, always live with fear and doubt due to some threats or dangers like terrorism. It is a fact that when the people living in such countries hear the sound of “boom”, they usually get into a panic, thinking somebody bombed somewhere. However, when we, in our country, hear such sound, we are used to thinking that someone is sharing their happiness by letting off the fireworks in the sky. Accordingly, it is a really great pleasure to dwell in such a peaceful and tranquil country without any violence or war which can put the lives of people in jeopardy. Hence, it would be an exaggeration if I say that if the paradise is in the sky, Uzbekistan is under of it, if it is on the Earth, Uzbekistan is above it!
Secondly, it is rather difficult for me to express by words how the youths are respectful towards elderly people and how the Uzbeks are friendly not only to each other but also to everyone who comes to our country as hospitality is in our blood. Whenever tourists or foreigners visit Uzbekistan, we have always been welcoming to them with sincere greetings, respecting them no matter who they are, and thus Uzbek nation is, indeed, renowned for its well-disposed people throughout the world.
Moreover, I really appreciate the remarkable achievements in various fields we have notched up thus far, in a short span of time, especially in the eyes of world history. In the sphere of sport, let us just take the example of the last summer Olympic Games held in Rio where Uzbek athletes have won a total of thirteen medals, mostly in wrestling and boxing, ranking the seventeenth place in the world, and this result has been considered the highest one so far in the history of Uzbek sportsmen. In other words, seeing how our compatriots raise the national flag of Uzbekistan high to the sky gives me a big honor of being a citizen of this country!
Finally, as our first president Islam Abduganievich Karimov said “There is no future without past”, we should know more about our great ancestors whose contributions to science like astronomy, medicine and mathematics were tremendous. Now, we can proudly follow their path in order to take our motherland towards prosperity!
It is not everyone’s lot to be born in such a great country.
This is why I am proud to be a son of this wonderful land!
UZBEKISTAN Is My Homeland.
Uzbekistan is approximately the size of Morocco and has an area of 447,400 square kilometers (172,700 sq mi). It is the 56th largest country in the world by area and the 42nd by population.4 Among the CIS countries; it is the 5th largest by area and the 3rd largest by population.5
Uzbekistan stretches 1,425 kilometers (885 mi) from west to east and 930 kilometers (578 mi) from north to south. Bordering Kazakhstan and the Aral Sea to the north and northwest, Turkmenistan to the southwest, Tajikistan to the southeast, and Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Uzbekistan is not only one of the larger Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border (less than 150 km) with Afghanistan to the south.
Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country; it is one of two double-landlocked countries in the world, i.e., a country completely surrounded by land-locked countries – the other being Liechtenstein. Less than 10% of its territory is intensively cultivated irrigated land in river valleys and oases. The rest is vast desert (Kyzyl Kum) and mountains. The highest point in Uzbekistan is 4,643 meters (15,233 ft), located in the southern part of the Gissar Range in Surkhandarya Province, on the border with Tajikistan, just north-west of Dushanbe (formerly called Peak of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party, today apparently unnamed).5
The climate in the Republic of Uzbekistan is continental, with little precipitation expected annually (100–200 millimeters, or 3.9–7.9 inches). The average summer temperature tends to be 40 °C, while the average winter temperature is around 0 °C.6
Major cities include Bukhara, Samarqand, Namangan and the capital Tashkent.
Geography of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is a country of Central Asia, located north of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. With an area of 447,000 square kilometers (approximately the size of Spain or California), Uzbekistan stretches 1,425 kilometers from west to east and 930 kilometers from north to south. Bordering Turkmenistan to the southwest, Kazakstan to the north, and Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to the south and east, Uzbekistan is not only one of the larger Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all of the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan to the south. As the Caspian Sea is an inland sea with no direct link to the oceans, Uzbekistan is one of only two “doubly landlocked” countries — countries completely surrounded by other landlocked countries. The other is Liechtenstein.
Topography and drainage
The physical environment of Uzbekistan is diverse, ranging from the flat, desert topography that comprises almost 80% of the country’s territory to mountain peaks in the east reaching about 4,500 meters above sea level. The southeastern portion of Uzbekistan is characterized by the foothills of the Tian Shan mountains, which rise higher in neighboring Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and form a natural border between Central Asia and China. The vast Qizilqum (Turkic for “red sand”–Russian spelling Kyzyl Kum) Desert, shared with southern Kazakstan, dominates the northern lowland portion of Uzbekistan. The most fertile part of Uzbekistan, the Fergana Valley, is an area of about 21,440 square kilometers directly east of the Qizilqum and surrounded by mountain ranges to the north, south, and east. The western end of the valley is defined by the course of the Syr Darya, which runs across the northeastern sector of Uzbekistan from southern Kazakhstan into the Qizilqum. Although the Fergana Valley receives just 100 to 300 millimeters of rainfall per year, only small patches of desert remain in the center and along ridges on the periphery of the valley.
Water resources, which are unevenly distributed, are in short supply in most of Uzbekistan. The vast plains that occupy two-thirds of Uzbekistan’s territory have little water, and there are few lakes. The two largest rivers feeding Uzbekistan are the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, which originate in the mountains of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, respectively. These rivers form the two main river basins of Central Asia; they are used primarily for irrigation, and several artificial canals have been built to expand the supply of arable land in the Fergana Valley and elsewhere.
Another important feature of Uzbekistan’s physical environment is the significant seismic activity that dominates much of the country. Indeed, much of Uzbekistan’s capital city, Tashkent, was destroyed in a major earthquake in 1966, and other earthquakes have caused significant damage before and since the Tashkent disaster. The mountain areas are especially prone to earthquakes.
Climate
Uzbekistan’s climate is classified as continental, with hot summers and cool winters. Summer temperatures often surpass 40°C; winter temperatures average about -2°C, but may fall as low as -40°C. Most of the country also is quite arid, with average annual rainfall amounting to between 100 and 200 millimeters and occurring mostly in winter and spring. Between July and September, little precipitation falls, essentially stopping the growth of vegetation during that period.
Environmental problems
Despite Uzbekistan’s rich and varied natural environment, decades of environmental neglect in the Soviet Union have combined with skewed economic policies in the Soviet south to make Uzbekistan one of the gravest of the CIS’s many environmental crises. The heavy use of agrochemicals, diversion of huge amounts of irrigation water from the two rivers that feed the region, and the chronic lack of water treatment plants are among the factors that have caused health and environmental problems on an enormous scale.
Environmental devastation in Uzbekistan is best exemplified by the catastrophe of the Aral Sea. Because of diversion of the Amu Darya and Syrdariya for cotton cultivation and other purposes, what once was the world’s fourth largest inland sea has shrunk in the past thirty years to only about one-third of its 1960 volume and less than half its 1960 geographical size. The desiccation and salinization of the lake have caused extensive storms of salt and dust from the sea’s dried bottom, wreaking havoc on the region’s agriculture and ecosystems and on the population’s health. Desertification has led to the large-scale loss of plant and animal life, loss of arable land, changed climatic conditions, depleted yields on the cultivated land that remains, and destruction of historical and cultural monuments. Every year, many tons of salts reportedly are carried as far as 800 kilometers away. Regional experts assert that salt and dust storms from the Aral Sea have raised the level of particulate matter in the earth’s atmosphere by more than 5%, seriously affecting global climate change.
The Aral Sea disaster is only the most visible indicator of environmental decay, however. The Soviet approach to environmental management brought decades of poor water management and lack of water or sewage treatment facilities; inordinately heavy use of pesticides, herbicides, defoliants, and fertilizers in the fields; and construction of industrial enterprises without regard to human or environmental impact. Those policies present enormous environmental challenges throughout Uzbekistan.
Natural hazards: NA
Environment – current issues: drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT
Environment – international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Water pollution
Large-scale use of chemicals for cotton cultivation, inefficient irrigation systems, and poor drainage systems are examples of the conditions that led to a high filtration of salinized and contaminated water back into the soil. Post-Soviet policies have become even more dangerous; in the early 1990s, the average application of chemical fertilizers and insecticides throughout the Central Asian republics was twenty to twenty-five kilograms per hectare, compared with the former average of three kilograms per hectare for the entire Soviet Union. As a result, the supply of fresh water has received further contaminants. Industrial pollutants also have damaged Uzbekistan’s water. In the Amu Darya, concentrations of phenol and oil products have been measured at far above acceptable health standards. In 1989 the minister of health of the Turkmen SSR described the Amu Darya as a sewage ditch for industrial and agricultural waste substances. Experts who monitored the river in 1995 reported even further deterioration.
In the early 1990s, about 60% of pollution control funding went to water-related projects, but only about half of cities and about one-quarter of villages have sewers. Communal water systems do not meet health standards; much of the population lacks drinking water systems and must drink water straight from contaminated irrigation ditches, canals, or the Amu Darya itself.
According to one report, virtually all the large underground fresh-water supplies in Uzbekistan are polluted by industrial and chemical wastes. An official in Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Environment estimated that about half of the country’s population lives in regions where the water is severely polluted. The government estimated in 1995 that only 230 of the country’s 8,000 industrial enterprises were following pollution control standards.
^ Historical Cities of Uzbekistan
Popular tourist places in Uzbekistan
History and pictures of every interesting place and city in Uzbekistan.
Tashkent
Tashkent is the capital of sovereign Uzbekistan. At present, Tashkent is one of the most important business centers of Central Asia. Present-day Tashkent is one of the most attractive Oriental cities. The architecture of Tashkent is unique, and the hospitality and friendliness of Tashkent people is amazing. Tashkent is about 2200 years old. It has evolved from a small ancient settlement into one of the largest Asian cities. Many memorable events of peace and war have taken place during the history of Tashkent, full of…
Andijan
Andijan, is a city and administrative center in far eastern Uzbekistan in Andijan province, at the southeastern edge of the Fergana Valley. Andijan is about 475 km east of Tashkent, and about 45 km west of Osh, Kyrgyzstan. Andijan is a center for oil production and has a few oil refineries. Cotton production and processing remain the dominant economic activities. Andijan sits on an ancient riverbed (the Say River) and is known to have existed since the 9th century on a trade route into…
Aral Sea
Millions of years ago, the northwestern parts of Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan were covered by a massive inland sea. When the waters receded, they left a broad plain of highly saline soil. One of the remnants of the ancient sea was the Aral Sea, the fourth largest inland body of water in the world…
Baisun
South of Shakhrisabz, in the Surkhandarya province, along the ancient trade route of the Great Silk Road, hidden away in a beautiful valley, lies Baisun, an area on its way to becoming a household name among the culturally aware in Uzbekistan and Central Asia. Recently, Baisun has been included on the Unesco List of world heritage sites. It was in the nearby Baisuntau mountains that early man developed during the Palaeolithic era. Finds from cave sites in the area and…
Bukhara
Bukhara is an ancient settlement with a history that goes back to the early centuries A. D. In the 6th century, it became the capital of the early feudal realm of the Bukhara oasis. As the Shakhristan, the centre of a shah’s realm, it was formed around an ancient citadel, but with the development of handicrafts and trade, new suburbs (rabads) arose beyond its walls which were included with the Shakhristan in a new fortified wall.
Remains of it dating back to the sixteenth century have survived…
Chirchiq
Chirchiq is a city in eastern Uzbekistan, about 32 km northeast of Tashkent, along the Chirchiq River. Chirchiq lies among the Chatkal Mountains of the Tian Shan mountain range. It lies in the middle of an intensively cultivated area, producing mainly vegetables and fruits, including melons and grapes. A large electrochemical factory produces nitrogenous fertilizer for the region’s collective farms. Chirchiq’s industries also include the production of ferroalloys (a group of iron alloys) and machinery for…
Fergana
Fergana is a city in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southern edge of the Fergana Valley. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, and about 75 km west of Andijan. Fergana has been a center of oil production in the Fergana Valley since the region’s first oil refinery was built near the city in 1908. Since then more refineries have been added, and Fergana is one of the most important centers of oil production and refining in Uzbekistan. Natural gas from western Uzbekistan is…
^ Ferghana Valley
The Ferghana Valley is the most densely populated region of Uzbekistan, with almost a third of the country’s population. It has nearly 25,000 sq. km of fertile land, and is a great oasis surrounded by the Kuramin mountain ridge in the North-West, Chatkal mountain range in the North, Fergana mountain range in the East, and Alai and Turkestan ranges in the South. There is scarcely a hectare of uncultivated land, the primary crop being cotton. In ancient times, the exceptional flora of…
Karshi
Karshi is a city in southern Uzbekistan, in Kashqadaryo province, about 520 km south-southwest of Tashkent, and about 335 km north of Uzbekistan’s border with Afghanistan. In the early 1970s, the first section of a major irrigation project was completed to divert water from the Amu Darya River in Turkmenistan eastward into Uzbekistan to irrigate the land surrounding Karshi. The water from the Amu Darya is in addition to water already being diverted from the Zeravshan River near Bukhara, about…
Khiva (Khorezm)
The history of Khorezm dates back so far, to ancient times, that only a few civilizations can equal its age. Many hundreds of years before the opening of the Great Silk Road, ancient Khorezm was already connected by water and land with Europe and the Orient, Siberia and the civilizations of the South. The great world civilizations of the time mingled in Khorezm. Their cultural interaction preceded the opening of the Great Silk Road. Khiva is located to the west of Khorezm region, at the…
Kokand
Kokand is a city in eastern Uzbekistan, in the Fergana province at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. Kokand is 228 km southeast of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, 115 km west of Andijan, and 88 km west of the city of Fergana. Kokand sits at the junction of two main routes into the Fergana Valley, one leading northwest over the mountains to Tashkent, and the other west through Khujand. As a result, Kokand is the main transportation junction in the Fergana Valley. Kokand is a center for…
Moynaq (Aral Sea)
Moynaq encapsulates more visibly than anywhere else the absurd tragedy of the receding Aral Sea. Once one of the sea’s two major fishing ports, it now stands some 40 km (25 mi) from the water. What remains of Moynaq’s redundant fishing fleet lies rusting on the sand, beside depressions marking the town’s futile efforts to keep channels open to the receding water. The town’s shrunken population of 2000 people now suffers the full force of the Aral Sea disaster, with hotter summers, colder…
Margilan The city is located 12 kilometers from the regional center and is one of the oldest cities in the Fergana Valley. City area – 50 square meters. and a population of over 165 thousand people. Margilan located at an altitude of 475 meters above sea level. Located 15 km from Fergana and Kokand…
Namangan
Namangan is a city in eastern Uzbekistan, on the northern edge of the Fergana Valley, about 430 km east of Tashkent, about 65 km west of Andijan, and about 75 km north of Fergana…
Nukus
Nukus is a city in western Uzbekistan, capital of the Karakalpakistan Autonomous Republic, in the delta of the Amu Darya River. Nukus is about 1255 km west of Tashkent, and about 230 km south of Muynaq and the former shoreline of the Aral Sea. An increase in upstream irrigation needs reduced the downstream flow of the Amu Darya, contributing to the shrinking of the Aral and the disappearance of its plentiful fish stocks. Nukus is a center for the growing and processing of…
Samarkand
Samarkand is situated in the Zerafshan Valley, and surrounded by the spurs of the Pamir-Alay ranges. Ancient Samarkand was well-known both in the East and the West. In the 4th c. BC, Samarkand, then called Marakanda, was one of the centers of culture and trade in the East.Samarkand equals such cradles of human civilization as Athens, Rome, Memphis, Alexandria…
Shakhrisabz
It has been resolved by UNESCO to place the ancient city of Shakhrisabz on the list of world heritage memorials, a city which has left a significant mark on world civilization. The 2700th anniversary of the foundation of Shakhrisabz has been celebrated, demonstrating to the world the ancient value of this land, its greatness and beauty. Shakhrisabz, called “Kesh” in the Middle Ages – also known as ancient “Nautaca” – was nicknamed “Dilkesh” (“Kesh” means heart-pleasing) and…
Termez
This is a kingdom of trade routes and brave warriors. This is a land famous worldwide for its richness in gold and laurite. Archeological discoveries have proven that the origin of agricultural civilization on this territory dates to before the 5th c. BC.
The earliest signs of culture appeared during the Stone Age.
Tashkent Professional Tourism College
I-course
Theme: UZBEKISTAN Is My Homeland.
DONE BY: Qodirov Xusan Group 60
CHECKED BY: Rasulova Shaxnoza
Tashkent-2011
Топик Узбекистан познакомит вас с одной из республик Центральной Азии. Всего их пять: Казахстан, Киргизия, Таджикистан, Туркмения и Узбекистан. Узбекистан имеет общие границы со всеми 4-мя республиками, а на юге граничит с Афганистаном. В Узбекистане летом – очень жарко, а зима чаще бывает холодной, но иногда и теплой – это признаки умеренно-континетального климата. В республике хорошо развито сельское хозяйство и промышленность.
Uzbekistan Republic is one of the five Republics of Central Asia. Uzbekistan is situated between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, the greatest Asian rivers. It is the region of flat-lands, mountains and deserts. The territory of the Republic covers 447,4 thousand square kilometers and is larger than Great Britain or Italy. Uzbekistan borders on Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Tajikistan and Turkmenia. In the South Uzbekistan borders on Afghanistan. The Republic consists of 12 regions and the Karakalpak Republic. There are about 80 towns and 86 settlements of urban type there.
The climate is continental. A great number of bright sunny days are good for cotton growing. Uzbekistan is one of the most important producers of cotton and silk. If you look at the map of the Uzbek Republic you will see coal, oil and natural gas resources, deposits of marble, non-ferrous and other metals including gold.
According to the last data the population of Uzbekistan is 20 million people. About 120 nations and nationalities live on its territory. Uzbeks represent more than 70% (percent) of the whole population. Titanic work to develop all sectors of the economy, of industry in particular, has been done in Uzbekistan. Once there was no industry there; today the Republic has more than 100 industries. Now planes, tractors, cotton harvesters, technical equipment for the textile and chemical industries are being manufactured in Uzbekistan.