William Shakespeare (2)
William
Shakespeare (1564-1616) was one of the greatest and famous
writers in human history. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, a
small town in the middle of England. His father wanted his son
to be a well-educated person and William was sent to the local
grammar school.
Studying at
school the boy actually did not have any free time. But he spent
his rare spare hours walking in the forest or watching the river
Avon.
Those days there
were not a lot of theatres in towns and actors and actresses had
to travel moving from one place to another with their shows.
Sometimes they visited Stratford-on-Avon. William liked to watch
them playing. He got fond of their profession and he decided to
become an actor.
He went to London
and there he became an actor. At that time he began to write
plays too. Shakespeare was at the same time an actor and a
playwright. In his works he reflected events of his
contemporaries’ life. His plays were staged in many theatres,
translated into many foreign languages. That made Shakespeare a
very popular man.
Most famous of
his plays are Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet.
They are still popular and you can watch his .plays in almost
any country of the world. He produced thirty seven plays at all.
He had connections with the best English theatres for about 25
years.
William
Shakespeare wrote also a lot of poetry including his unbeaten
sonnets. There are numerous songs written with his poems. He is
still most often published author of the world and well known
among people. We do not know much about his life. We can only
guess what kind of man he was analyzing the legends and a few
documents of the time.
Shakespeare died
in 1616, but millions people today still admire his plays. Вильям Шекспир (2)
Вильям Шекспир (1564-1616) был одним
из самых великих и известных писателей в истории человечества.
Он родился в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне, маленьком городе в центре
Англии. Его отец хотел, чтобы сын был образованным человеком, и
Вильяма отправили в местную среднюю школу.
Учась в школе, мальчик фактически не
имел свободного времени. Но если выпадала свободная минута, он
гулял по лесу или смотрел на реку Эйвон.
В те дни в городах не было большого
количества театров, и актеры с актрисами должны были
путешествовать, переезжая со своими представлениями с одного
места на другое. Иногда они приезжали в Стратфорд-на-Эйвоне.
Вильяму нравилось наблюдать за их игрой. Он влюбился в эту
профессию и решил стать актером.
Он поехал в Лондон, и стал там
актером. В это время он также начал писать пьесы. Шекспир был
одновременно и актером, и драматургом. В своих работах он
отразил события жизни своих современников. Его пьесы были
поставлены во многих театрах, переведены на иностранные языки.
Это сделало Шекспира очень знаменитым.
Самые известные из его пьес —
«Отелло», «Король Лир», «Гамлет», и «Ромео и Джульетта». Они до
сих пор популярны, и вы можете увидеть их практически в любой
стране мира. Всего Шекспир написал тридцать семь пьес. Он
сотрудничал с лучшими английскими театрами почти 25 лет.
Уильям Шекспир написал также много
стихов, включая непревзойденные сонеты. На его стихи написано
множество песен. Он до сих пор является самым публикуемым и
известным писателем во всем мире. Мы не много знаем о его жизни.
Мы можем только предположить, каким человеком он был, анализируя
легенды и немногие документы того времени.
Шекспир умер в 1616 г., но миллионы
людей сегодня до сих пор восхищаются его пьесами.
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was one of the greatest and famous writers in human history. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, a small town in the middle of England. His father wanted his son to be a well-educated person and William was sent to the local grammar school.
Studying at school the boy actually did not have any free time. But he spent his rare spare hours walking in the forest or watching the river Avon.
Those days there were not a lot of theatres in towns and actors and actresses had to travel moving from one place to another with their shows. Sometimes they visited Stratford-on-Avon. William liked to watch them playing. He got fond of their profession and he decided to become an actor.
He went to London and there he became an actor. At that time he began to write plays too. Shakespeare was at the same time an actor and a playwright. In his works he reflected events of his contemporaries’ life. His plays were staged in many theatres, translated into many foreign languages. That made Shakespeare a very popular man.
Most famous of his plays are Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet. They are still popular and you can watch his .plays in almost any country of the world. He produced thirty seven plays at all. He had connections with the best English theatres for about 25 years.
William Shakespeare wrote also a lot of poetry including his unbeaten sonnets. There are numerous songs written with his poems. He is still most often published author of the world and well known among people. We do not know much about his life. We can only guess what kind of man he was analyzing the legends and a few documents of the time.
Shakespeare died in 1616, but millions people today still admire his plays.
Вильям Шекспир (2)
Вильям Шекспир (1564-1616) был одним из самых великих и известных писателей в истории человечества. Он родился в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне, маленьком городе в центре Англии. Его отец хотел, чтобы сын был образованным человеком, и Вильяма отправили в местную среднюю школу.
Учась в школе, мальчик фактически не имел свободного времени. Но если выпадала свободная минута, он гулял по лесу или смотрел на реку Эйвон.
В те дни в городах не было большого количества театров, и актеры с актрисами должны были путешествовать, переезжая со своими представлениями с одного места на другое. Иногда они приезжали в Стратфорд-на-Эйвоне. Вильяму нравилось наблюдать за их игрой. Он влюбился в эту профессию и решил стать актером.
Он поехал в Лондон, и стал там актером. В это время он также начал писать пьесы. Шекспир был одновременно и актером, и драматургом. В своих работах он отразил события жизни своих современников. Его пьесы были поставлены во многих театрах, переведены на иностранные языки. Это сделало Шекспира очень знаменитым.
Самые известные из его пьес — «Отелло», «Король Лир», «Гамлет», и «Ромео и Джульетта». Они до сих пор популярны, и вы можете увидеть их практически в любой стране мира. Всего Шекспир написал тридцать семь пьес. Он сотрудничал с лучшими английскими театрами почти 25 лет.
Уильям Шекспир написал также много стихов, включая непревзойденные сонеты. На его стихи написано множество песен. Он до сих пор является самым публикуемым и известным писателем во всем мире. Мы не много знаем о его жизни. Мы можем только предположить, каким человеком он был, анализируя легенды и немногие документы того времени.
Шекспир умер в 1616 г., но миллионы людей сегодня до сих пор восхищаются его пьесами.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on 23 April 1564. His father was John Shakespeare, a craftsman and trader. William went to a grammar school where he studied grammar, logics, rhetoric and Latin.
We don’t know much about his early life. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway. Their daughter Susanna was born in 1583 and two years later Anne gave birth to twins, Hamnet and Judith.
In 1585 Shakespeare left his hometown and moved to London. He was the co-owner of a playing company Lord Chamberlain’s Men. In 1603, the company came under the patronage of King James I and changed its name to the King’s Men. In 1596 the troupe founded their own theater called the Globe – a lot of Shakespeare’s plays were performed on its stage. Shakespeare died in Stratford on 23 April 1616.
Shakespeare had a great ability to summarize the wide range of human emotions in beautiful and laconic verses. His literary heritage includes about 37 plays, 154 sonnets and some poems. He coined more than 1700 English words and created a lot of common expressions, which are widely used in modern English.
Shakespeare is often called one of the most remarkable storytellers that ever lived. He wrote comedies and tragedies, histories and romances which have become immortal.
He created a lot of great, memorable and complex characters like Hamlet, Ophelia, Lady Macbeth, Othello and King Lear. Actors love playing Shakespearean characters – these roles are usually really difficult, but very rewarding. The role of Hamlet is often considered to be the top of an actor’s career.
Уильям Шекспир – один из самых известных и влиятельных поэтов и драматургов в истории. Его пьесы, стихи и сонеты были переведены на все основные языки мира. Пьесы Шекспира часто ставят в театрах, большинство из них были экранизированы.
In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who was the daughter of the local landowner. At that time Shakespeare was 18 years old and Anne was 8 years older than him. In 1583 Anne gave birth to their daughter Susanna. In 1585 the couple had twins – son Hamnet and daughter Judith. Unfortunately, Hamnet, the only son of William Shakespeare, died at the age of 11.
Life in London
Later Shakespeare moved to London. He lived and worked in this city for many years. During that time Shakespeare wrote most of his plays and became a successful playwright. His troupe was among the leading playing companies in London.
In 1599 a theatre was built on the south bank of the River Thames. It was named the Globe. This was the theatre where Shakespeare’s company performed. Work at the theatre made Shakespeare a wealthy person. He was not only a playwright, he also took part in theatrical performances.
Later years
Several years before his death Shakespeare moved to Stratford. He died on 23 April 1616. Some research shows that at the end of his life he was in poor health.
Shakespeare’s works
Among his works there are such masterpieces of the world literature as “Romeo and Juliet”, “A midsummer night’s dream”, “Othello”, “King Lear”, “Hamlet” and many others. Apart from that Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets.
William Shakespeare’s influence extends from theatre and literature to present-day movies, Western philosophy, and the English language itself.
Ранние годы
Уильям Шекспир был английским поэтом, драматургом и актером. Он родился в 1564 году в городе Стратфорд-апон-Эйвон. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, был успешным ремесленником. Уильям был третьим ребенком в семье. Всего у его родителей было восемь детей. Уильям Шекспир посещал стратфордскую грамматическую школу.
William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. He was probably the son of a businessman and was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He probably attended the local grammar school and got a classical education. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had 3 children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in “Hamlet”. In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.
Shakespeare’s work as a playwright is subdivided into 3 periods. Written in the first period, Shakespeare’s plays are mostly history plays like “Henry VI”, and comedies with strong elements of farce. His masterpiece of this period is “Romeo and Juliet”.
In the second period Shakespeare wrote a number of comedies where he moved away from farce towards romance. In the third period, after 1600, appeared his major tragedies – “Hamlet”, “Othello”. They presented a clear opposition of order to chaos, good to evil.
Shakespeare was a great poet and would be well known for his poetry alone. His major achievement as a poet is his sonnets, first published in 1609. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, with a moral at the end. The sonnets are addressed to some “W.H.”, and to mysterious “Dark Lady of Sonnets”. The sonnets deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immortality. Shakespeare looks at his own poetry as a means of immortality. Shakespeare’s sonnets are excellent. They are full of harmony and music; they praise love, friendship and beauty, though there is no sentimentality in them.
Shakespeare’s poetry is at the summit of human achievement. Many centuries have passed since his death in 1616, but Shakespeare is still considered to be the greatest of all playwrights and poets.
2. Life of Shakespeare.
The great poet and dramatist William Shakespeare is often called by his people “Our National Bard”, “The Immortal Poet of Nature” and “The Great Unknown”. More than two hundred contemporary references to Shakespeare have been located amoung church records, legal records, documents in the Public Record Office, and miscellaneous repositories. When these owe assembled, we have at least the sceleton out line of his life, begining with his baptist on April 26, 1564, in Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, and ending with his burial there on April 25, 1616. Shakespeare’s native place was Sratford-on-Avon, a little town in Warwickshire, which is generally described as being in the middle of England.
Shakespeare’s father, John, was a prosperious glove maker of Stratford who, after holding minor municipal offices, was elected high bailiff of Stratford. Shakespeare’s mother Mary Arden, came from an affluent family of landowners.
Shakespeare probably recieved his early education at the exellent Stratford Grammar School, supervised by an Oxford graduate, where he would have learned Latin smattering of Greek. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who lived in a neighboring hamlet. The first child born to Ann and William was their daughter Susanna. In about two years Ann bore him twins a boy and a girl, Hamlet and Jidith.
Then life in Stratford became intolerable for William Shakespeare and he decided to go to London and begin a theatrical career. Shakespeare’s major activity lays in the field of drama. He became a full shareholder in his acting company, he was co-owner of “the Globe” theatre and later of “the Blackfriars” theatre, and in 1597 he purchased property in Strarford, including one of the largest houses in the town. He probably retired about 1610, travelling to London when necessary to take care of his theatrical business. In all, 154 sonnets were written. The sonnets were probably created in the 1590 but were first published in 1609.
3. Shakespeare’s works.
Shakespeare’s literary work is usually divided into three periods. The first period of his creative work falls between 1590 and 1600. Shakespeare’s comedies belong to the first period of his creative work. They all are written in his playfull manner and and in the brilliant poetry that conveys the spectator to Italy. Some of the first plays of the first period are: “Richard III” (1592), “The Comedy of Errors” (1592), “Romeo and Juliet” (1594), “Julius Caesar” (1599), “As You Like It” (1599), 1600 – “The Twelth Night”. Shakespeare’s poems are also attributed to the first period, “Venus and Adonis” and “Lucrece”, and 154 sonnets. “Venus and Adonis” was the first of Shakespeare’s works that came off the press. The second period of Shakespeare’s creative work during from 1600 to 1608. His famous tragedies appeared at this time. In the plays of this period the dramatist reaches his full maturity. He presents great humans problems. His tragedies and historical plays made Shakespeare the greatest humanist of the English Renaissanse. Some plays of the second period: 1601 – “Hamlet”, 1604 – “Othello”.
Shakespeare’s plays of the third period are called the “Romantic dramas”. There is no tragic tension in these plays. This period lasted from 1609 till 1612. 1609 – “Cymbeline”, 1610 – “The Winters Tale”, 1612 – “Henry 8”.
William Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of English writers, and probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was bom on the 23d of April, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.
In spite of his fame we know very little about his life. At the age of six he was sent to school, but had to leave it at the age of 13. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker, and when he fell into debt, William had to help him in the trade.
Just what William did between his fourteenth and eighteenth year isn’t known. At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway. Ann was eight years older than her husband and the marriage wasn’t a happy one.
When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London. We don’t know why he left Stratford-on-Avon. There is a story that Shakespeare’s first job in London was holding rich men’s horses at the theatre door. But nobody can be sure that this story is true.
Later, Shakespeare became an actor and a member of a very successful acting company. It’s highly probable that The Comedy of Errors, Romeo and Juliet and some other plays by Shakespeare were performed for the first time on this stage.
Very soon, however, the actors were told that they could no longer use the land that their theatre was built on and the company had nowhere else to perform. There is a story that in the dead of night the whole acting troop took down their theatre, timber by timber, brick by brick. They carried it across the river and rebuilt it. The new theatre was called the Globe.
Shakespeare’s Globe was rather different from modern theatres. The plays were performed in the open air and the audience got wet if it rained. There was no scenery, very few props, and the only lighting was the daylight that came from the open roof above. Women in those days weren’t allowed to act in public and all the parts (even Juliet!) were played by men. Much of the audience stood to watch the performance and moved around, talking with each other and throwing fruit at the stage if they didn’t like something.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays: 10 tragedies (such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth), 17 comedies (such as As You Like It, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing), 10 historical plays (such as Henry IV, Richard III.). He also left 7 books of poems.
Most of Shakespeare’s plays were not published in his lifetime. So some of them may have been lost in the fire when the Globe burnt down in 1613.
Shakespeare spent the last years of his life at Stratford, where he died, ironically, on the same date as his birthday, the 23d of April, 1616. He was buried in the church of Stratford. A monument was erected to the memory of the great playwright in the Poet’s Corner in Westminster Abbey. In 1997, Shakespeare’s Globe was restored. Перевод
Уильям Шекспир, величайший и наиболее известный английский писатель, и, возможно, величайший драматург, когда-либо живущий, родился 23-го апреля 1564, в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне.
Несмотря на свою известность, мы очень мало знаем о его жизни. В возрасте шести лет он был направлен в школу, но был вынужден оставить её в возрасте 13 лет. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, был перчаточником, и когда он залез в долги, Вильяму пришлось помогать ему в его ремесле.
То, что Уильям сделал между четырнадцатью и восемнадцатью годами не известно. В возрасте 18 лет, он женился на Энн Хэтэуэй. Энн была на восемь лет старше мужа, и брак не был счастливым.
Когда Шекспиру было 21, он отправился в Лондон. Мы не знаем, почему он покинул Стратфорд-он-Эйвон. Существует легенда, что первой работой Шекспира в Лондоне было держать лошадей богатых людей у дверей театра. Но никто не может быть уверен, что эта история правдива.
Позже Шекспир стал актером и членом весьма успешной труппы. Весьма вероятно, что “Комедия ошибок”, “Ромео и Джульетта” и некоторые другие пьесы Шекспира были впервые сыграны на этой сцене.
Очень скоро, однако, актерам сказали, что они уже не могут использовать землю, на которой их театр был построен и труппе не было где играть. Существует легенда, что под покровом ночи вся труппа разобрала свой театр по бревну и по кирпичикам. Они перенесли его через реку и восстановили его. Новый театр был назван “Глобус”.
“Глобус” Шекспира довольно сильно отличался от современных театров. Спектакли проводились на открытом воздухе, и зрители промокали, если шел дождь. Декорации не существовали, реквизита было очень мало, а единственным освещением был дневной свет, который падал с крыши. Женщинам в те дни не разрешалось играть на публике и все роли (даже Джульетту!) играли мужчины. Большая часть зрителей вставала, чтобы посмотреть представление и перемещалась, разговаривая друг с другом и бросала плоды на сцену, если им что-то не нравилось.
Шекспир написал 37 пьес: 10 трагедий (такие как “Гамлет”, “Король Лир”, “Отелло”, “Макбет “), 17 комедий ( “Как вам это понравится”, “Двенадцатая ночь”, “Много шума из ничего”), 10 исторических пьес (таких, как “Генрих IV”, “Ричард III” .). Он также оставил 7 книг стихов.
Большинство пьес Шекспира не были опубликованы при его жизни. Некоторые из них могут быть утеряны в огне, когда “Глобус” сгорел в 1613 году.
Шекспир провел последние годы своей жизни в Стратфорде, где он умер, по иронии судьбы, в тот же день, когда родился, 23 апреля 1616. Он был похоронен в церкви Стратфорда. Памятник был воздвигнут в память великого драматурга в Уголоке Поэтов в Вестминстерском аббатстве. В 1997 году “Глобус” Шекспира был восстановлен.
William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. He was probably the son of a businessman and was born in 1564 in Stradford-upon-Avon. He probably attended the local grammar school and got a classical education. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had three children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in «Hamlet». In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.
Shakespeare’s work as a playwright is subdivided into three periods. Written in the first period, Shakespeare’s plays are mostly history plays like «Henry VI», and comedies with strong elements of farce («The Comedy of Errors»). His masterpiece of this period is «Romeo and Juliet».
In the second period Shakespeare wrote a number of comedies where he moved away from farce towards romance («As You Like It»). In the third period, after 1600, appeared his major tragedies – «Hamlet», «Othello». They presented a clear opposition of order to chaos, good to evil.
Shakespeare was a great poet and would be well known for his poetry alone. His major achievement as a poet is his sonnets, first published in 1609. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, with a moral at the end. The sonnets are addressed to some «W.H.» and to the mysterious «Dark Lady of Sonnets». The sonnets deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immortality. Shakespeare looks at his own poetry as a means of immortality. Shakespeare’s sonnets are excellent. They are full of harmony and music; they praise love, friendship and beauty, though there is no sentimentality in them.
Shakespeare’s poetry is at the summit of human achievement. Many centuries have passed since his death in 1616, but Shakespeare is still considered to be the greatest of all playwrights and poets. Topical Vocabulary
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Вильям Шекспир-William Shakespeare
Топик по английскому языку “William Shakespeare – Вильям Шекспир”
William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in the town of Strat-ford-upon-Avon. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker and wool-dealer.
William went to the local free grammar school where he studied Latin. At the age of 18 Shakespeare married a local girl, Anne Hathaway.
We don’t know exactly when Shakespeare went to London, maybe in 1584-1589. Probably his first play was “Titus Andronicus”( 1589/1590).
Shakespeare wrote history plays such as “Henry IV” and “Richard III”, comedies such as “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” and “A Comedy of Errors”. Shakespeare’s early tragedy is “Romeo and Juliet”.
Between 1600 and 1608 Shakespeare wrote his four great tragedies, “Hamlet” “Othello” “Macbeth” and “King Lear”. It is the summit of Shakespeare’s art.
“Hamlet” is probably the most popular, the best-known of all Shakespeare’s plays. It is a very philosophical play. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is a highly intelligent person.
Hamlet’s soliloquy is very famous: “To be, or not to be; that is the question…”
Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603 and was succeeded by James VI of Scotland, son of Mary Stuart. James, who became James I of England and Scotland, was a lover of the theatre.
Shakespeare wrote a tragedy “Macbeth” in which action passes in Scotland. In 1606 Shakespeare was a very mature and successful playwright. He had become a wealthy man.
In “King Lear” we see evil defeated. “King Lear” is the greatest of all Shakespeare’s tragedies.
The story of an old king of England and his three daughters was not invented by Shakespeare. Shakespeare hardly ever invented the plot of his plays.
Between 1608 and 1613, Shakespeare wrote five plays: “Pericles” “Cymbeline” “The Winter’s Tale” “The Tempest” and “Henry VIII” In “The Tempest” Shakespeare says farewell to the theatre, to his friends.
On June 29, 1613, the Globe theatre was destroyed in a fire. For Shakespeare and his colleagues it must have been a terrible time. The Globe was the greatest theatre in England.
Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616.
He wrote 38 plays and many poems.
Перевод топика: Вильям Шекспир
Вильям Шекспир родился 23 апреля в 1564 г. в Страдфорде-на-Эйвоне. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, изготавливал перчатки и изделия из шерсти.
Вильям посещал местную бесплатную среднюю школу, где изучал латынь. В 18 лет Шекспир женился на местной девушке, Анне Гэтэвей.
Точно не известно, когда Шекспир приехал в Лондон, но скорее всего, это произошло в 1584-1589 годы. Считается, что первая пьеса Шекспира это «Тит Андроник» (1589/1590).
Шекспир писал исторические пьесы («Генрих IV» и «Ричард III»), комедии («Сон в летнюю ночь» и «Комедия ошибок»); «Ромео и Джульетта» — ранняя трагедия Шекспира.
В период между 1600 и 1608 годами Шекспир написал четыре большие трагедии: «Гамлет», «Отелло», «Макбет» и «Король Лир». Это — вершина творчества Шекспира.
«Гамлет» — самая популярная и наиболее известная пьеса Шекспира. Это глубоко психологическая пьеса. Гамлет, Принц Датский, — высоко интеллектуальный персонаж.
Все знают монолог Гамлета: «Быть или не быть, — вот в чем вопрос…».
Королева Елизавета I умерла в 1603 году, и престол занял Джеймс VI Шотландский, сын Марии Стюарт. Джеймс, который стал Джеймсом I Английским и Шотландским, был известным театралом.
Шекспир написал трагедию «Макбет», действие которой происходит в Шотландии. В 1606 году Шекспир был уже достаточно зрелым и известным драматургом. Он стал богатым.
В «Короле Лире» добро побеждает зло. «Король Лир» — самая знаменитая трагедия Шекспира.
Историю о старом короле Англии и его трех дочерях придумал не Шекспир. Шекспир вообще не придумывал сюжеты своих пьес.
В 1608-1613 годах Шекспир написал пять пьес: «Перикл», «Цим-белин», «Зимняя сказка», «Буря» и «Генрих VIII». В «Буре» Шекспир прощается с театром и со своими друзьями.
29 июня в 1613 года театр «Глобус» сгорел во время пожара. Для Шекспира и его коллег наступили тяжелые времена. «Глобус» был самым знаменитым театром в истории Англии.
Шекспир умер 23 апреля 1616 года.
Шекспир написал 38 пьес и много стихов.
Vocabulary:
Questions:
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Вильям Шекспир-William Shakespeare
Топик по английскому языку “William Shakespeare – Вильям Шекспир”
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was one of the greatest and famous writers in human history. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, a small town in the middle of England. His father wanted his son to be a well-educated person and William was sent to the local grammar school.
Studying at school the boy actually did not have any free time. But he spent his rare spare hours walking in the forest or watching the river Avon.
Those days there were not a lot of theatres in towns and actors and actresses had to travel moving from one place to another with their shows. Sometimes they visited Stratford-on-Avon. William liked to watch them playing. He got fond of their profession and he decided to become an actor.
He went to London and there he became an actor. At that time he began to write plays too. Shakespeare was at the same time an actor and a playwright. In his works he reflected events of his contemporaries’ life. His plays were staged in many theatres, translated into many foreign languages. That made Shakespeare a very popular man.
Most famous of his plays are Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet. They are still popular and you can watch his .plays in almost any country of the world. He produced thirty seven plays at all. He had connections with the best English theatres for about 25 years.
William Shakespeare wrote also a lot of poetry including his unbeaten sonnets. There are numerous songs written with his poems. He is still most often published author of the world and well known among people. We do not know much about his life. We can only guess what kind of man he was analyzing the legends and a few documents of the time.
Shakespeare died in 1616, but millions people today still admire his plays.
Перевод топика: Вильям Шекспир
Вильям Шекспир (1564-1616) был одним из самых великих и известных писателей в истории человечества. Он родился в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне, маленьком городе в центре Англии. Его отец хотел, чтобы сын был образованным человеком, и Вильяма отправили в местную среднюю школу.
Учась в школе, мальчик фактически не имел свободного времени. Но если выпадала свободная минута, он гулял по лесу или смотрел на реку Эйвон.
В те дни в городах не было большого количества театров, и актеры с актрисами должны были путешествовать, переезжая со своими представлениями с одного места на другое. Иногда они приезжали в Стратфорд-на-Эйвоне. Вильяму нравилось наблюдать за их игрой. Он влюбился в эту профессию и решил стать актером.
Он поехал в Лондон, и стал там актером. В это время он также начал писать пьесы. Шекспир был одновременно и актером, и драматургом. В своих работах он отразил события жизни своих современников. Его пьесы были поставлены во многих театрах, переведены на иностранные языки. Это сделало Шекспира очень знаменитым.
Самые известные из его пьес — «Отелло», «Король Лир», «Гамлет», и «Ромео и Джульетта». Они до сих пор популярны, и вы можете увидеть их практически в любой стране мира. Всего Шекспир написал тридцать семь пьес. Он сотрудничал с лучшими английскими театрами почти 25 лет.
Уильям Шекспир написал также много стихов, включая непревзойденные сонеты. На его стихи написано множество песен. Он до сих пор является самым публикуемым и известным писателем во всем мире. Мы не много знаем о его жизни. Мы можем только предположить, каким человеком он был, анализируя легенды и немногие документы того времени.
Шекспир умер в 1616 г., но миллионы людей сегодня до сих пор восхищаются его пьесами.
Vocabulary:
Questions:
Nowadays people seem to read newspapers mostly. Many people are fond of reading detective stories or spy thrillers. I myself prefer books about politics, history, travel-books and biographies. It is my dream to become a student of the department of foreign languages and to be able to read the books by my favourite English and American writers in the original.
As for the American writers, I like to read books by Mark Twain and O’Henry.
I enjoy reading books by such English writers as Charles Dickens, Robert Stevenson, Walter Scott. My favourite English writer is William Shakespeare, one of the most outstanding personalities in the world literature.
William Shakespeare was bom in Stratford-upon-Avon not far from London. His father, John Shakespeare, came to Stratford from a village and opened a shop there. He never became a rich man but at one time he was an important official in the city. William Shakespeare lived in Stratford until he was twenty-one. He got married and had three children. At the age of 21 William left Stratford for London to join a company of actors. He was a very good actor and an excellent playwright. William Shakespeare lived and worked in London for 25 years. By the end of the 16th century William Shakespeare and his friends had enough money to build their own theatre – the Globe.
In all Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, 2 long poems, a sonnet cycle of 155 small pieces.
William Shakespeare had a natural gift for comedy. In his comedies Two Gentlemen of Verona, As you Like It, The Twelfth Night William Shakespeare describes the adventures of young men and women, their love, friendship, happiness.
Shakespeare’s tragedies King Lear, Othello, Romeo and Juliet depict noblemen who opposed evil in the world. Since they were written there has never been a time when at least some of Shakespeare’s plays were not staged.
In England and other countries it is the highest honour for an actor to be invited to play in a comedy or a tragedy by Shakespeare. In the last 35 years all the plays by W. Shakespeare have been filmed. Since 1879 Shakespeare’s Festival has been held every year at Stratford-upon-Avon.
Перевод:
В наше время люди читают, в основном, газеты. Многим людям нравится читать детективы или сенсационные романы о шпионах. Лично я люблю читать книги о политике, истории, путешествиях и автобиографические романы. Я мечтаю стать студентом факультета иностранных языков и уметь читать книги моих любимых английских и американских писателей в оригинале.
Что касается американских писателей, мне нравится читать книги Марка Твена и О’Генри. Я люблю читать книги таких английских писате лей, как Чарлз Диккенс, Роберт Стивенсон, Вальтер Скотт. Мой любимый английский писатель – Вильям Шекспир, одна из наиболее выдающихся личностей в мировой литературе.
Вильям Шекспир родился в Стрэтфорде-на-Эйвоне, недалеко от Лондона. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, приехал в Стрэтфорд из деревни и открыл там магазин. Он не стал богатым человеком, но одно время был важным чиновником в городе. Вильям Шекспир жил в Стрэтфорде до тех пор, пока ему исполнился 21 год. Он женился, и у него было трое детей. В возрасте 21-го года Вильям уехал из Стрэтфорда в Лондон и присоединился к актерской труппе. Он был хорошим актером и прекрасным драматургом.
Вильям Шекспир жил и работал в Лондоне 25 лет. К концу XVI века Вильям Шекспир и его друзья заработали достаточно денег, чтобы построить свой собственный театр Глобус.
Всего Шекспир написал 37 пьес, 2 поэмы и цикл сонетов, состоящий из 155 произведений.
У Вильяма Шекспира был природный талант комедиографа. В своих комедиях Два веронца, Как вам это нравится, Двенадцатая ночь Вильям Шекспир описывал приключения юношей и девушек, их любовь, дружбу, счастье.
В трагедиях Король Лир, Отелло, Ромео и Джульетта Шекспир изображает дворян, противостоящих мировому злу. С тех пор как они были написаны, не было такого времени, когда хотя бы некоторые пьесы Шекспира не ставились.
В Англии и других странах для актера нет высшей чести, чем быть приглашенным играть в комедии или трагедии Шекспира. В последние 35 лет все пьесы Шекспира были экранизированы. В Стрэтфорде-на-Эйвоне с 1879 г. каждый год проводится Шекспировский фестиваль.
William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. William Shakespeare was born 1564, in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker and wool-dealer.
William went to the local free grammar school where he studied Latin. At the age of 18 Shakespeare married and had 3 children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in “Hamlet”. In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.
Shakespeare wrote history plays such as “Henry IV” and “Richard III”, comedies such as “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” and “A Comedy of Errors”. Shakespeare’s early tragedy is “Romeo and Juliet”.
Between 1600 and 1608 Shakespeare wrote his four great tragedies, “Hamlet” “Othello” “Macbeth” and “King Lear”. It is the summit of Shakespeare’s art.
“Hamlet” is probably the most popular, the best-known of all Shakespeare’s plays. It is a very philosophical play. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is a highly intelligent person.
Hamlet’s soliloquy is very famous: “To be, or not to be; that is the question…”
Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603 and was succeeded by James VI of Scotland, son of Mary Stuart. James, who became James I of England and Scotland, was a lover of the theatre.
Shakespeare wrote a tragedy “Macbeth” in which action passes in Scotland. In 1606 Shakespeare was a very mature and successful playwright. He had become a wealthy man.
In “King Lear” we see evil defeated. “King Lear” is the greatest of all Shakespeare’s tragedies.
The story of an old king of England and his three daughters was not invented by Shakespeare. Shakespeare hardly ever invented the plot of his plays.
Between 1608 and 1613, Shakespeare wrote five plays: “Pericles” “Cymbeline” “The Winter’s Tale” “The Tempest” and “Henry VIII” In “The Tempest” Shakespeare says farewell to the theatre, to his friends.
On June 29, 1613, the Globe theatre was destroyed in a fire. For Shakespeare and his colleagues it must have been a terrible time. The Globe was the greatest theatre in England.
Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616.
He wrote 38 plays and many poems.
Nowadays people seem to read newspapers mostly. Many people are fond of reading detective stories or spy thrillers. I myself prefer books about politics, history, travel-books and biographies. It is my dream to become a student of the department of foreign languages and to be able to read the books by my favourite English and American writers in the original.
As for the American writers, I like to read books by Mark Twain and O’Henry.
I enjoy reading books by such English writers as Charles Dickens, Robert Stevenson, Walter Scott. My favourite English writer is William Shakespeare, one of the most outstanding personalities in the world literature.
William Shakespeare was bom in Stratford-upon-Avon not far from London. His father, John Shakespeare, came to Stratford from a village and opened a shop there. He never became a rich man but at one time he was an important official in the city. William Shakespeare lived in Stratford until he was twenty-one. He got married and had three children. At the age of 21 William left Stratford for London to join a company of actors. He was a very good actor and an excellent playwright. William Shakespeare lived and worked in London for 25 years. By the end of the 16th century William Shakespeare and his friends had enough money to build their own theatre – the Globe.
In all Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, 2 long poems, a sonnet cycle of 155 small pieces.
William Shakespeare had a natural gift for comedy. In his comedies Two Gentlemen of Verona, As you Like It, The Twelfth Night William Shakespeare describes the adventures of young men and women, their love, friendship, happiness.
Shakespeare’s tragedies King Lear, Othello, Romeo and Juliet depict noblemen who opposed evil in the world. Since they were written there has never been a time when at least some of Shakespeare’s plays were not staged.
In England and other countries it is the highest honour for an actor to be invited to play in a comedy or a tragedy by Shakespeare. In the last 35 years all the plays by W. Shakespeare have been filmed. Since 1879 Shakespeare’s Festival has been held every year at Stratford-upon-Avon.
Вильям Шекспир
В наше время люди читают, в основном, газеты. Многим людям нравится читать детективы или сенсационные романы о шпионах. Лично я люблю читать книги о политике, истории, путешествиях и автобиографические романы. Я мечтаю стать студентом факультета иностранных языков и уметь читать книги моих любимых английских и американских писателей в оригинале.
Что касается американских писателей, мне нравится читать книги Марка Твена и О’Генри. Я люблю читать книги таких английских писате лей, как Чарлз Диккенс, Роберт Стивенсон, Вальтер Скотт. Мой любимый английский писатель – Вильям Шекспир, одна из наиболее выдающихся личностей в мировой литературе.
Вильям Шекспир родился в Стрэтфорде-на-Эйвоне, недалеко от Лондона. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, приехал в Стрэтфорд из деревни и открыл там магазин. Он не стал богатым человеком, но одно время был важным чиновником в городе. Вильям Шекспир жил в Стрэтфорде до тех пор, пока ему исполнился 21 год. Он женился, и у него было трое детей. В возрасте 21-го года Вильям уехал из Стрэтфорда в Лондон и присоединился к актерской труппе. Он был хорошим актером и прекрасным драматургом.
Вильям Шекспир жил и работал в Лондоне 25 лет. К концу XVI века Вильям Шекспир и его друзья заработали достаточно денег, чтобы построить свой собственный театр Глобус.
Всего Шекспир написал 37 пьес, 2 поэмы и цикл сонетов, состоящий из 155 произведений.
У Вильяма Шекспира был природный талант комедиографа. В своих комедиях Два веронца, Как вам это нравится, Двенадцатая ночь Вильям Шекспир описывал приключения юношей и девушек, их любовь, дружбу, счастье.
В трагедиях Король Лир, Отелло, Ромео и Джульетта Шекспир изображает дворян, противостоящих мировому злу. С тех пор как они были написаны, не было такого времени, когда хотя бы некоторые пьесы Шекспира не ставились.
В Англии и других странах для актера нет высшей чести, чем быть приглашенным играть в комедии или трагедии Шекспира. В последние 35 лет все пьесы Шекспира были экранизированы. В Стрэтфорде-на-Эйвоне с 1879 г. каждый год проводится Шекспировский фестиваль.
William Shakespeare (2)
William
Shakespeare (1564-1616) was one of the greatest and famous
writers in human history. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, a
small town in the middle of England. His father wanted his son
to be a well-educated person and William was sent to the local
grammar school.
Studying at
school the boy actually did not have any free time. But he spent
his rare spare hours walking in the forest or watching the river
Avon.
Those days there
were not a lot of theatres in towns and actors and actresses had
to travel moving from one place to another with their shows.
Sometimes they visited Stratford-on-Avon. William liked to watch
them playing. He got fond of their profession and he decided to
become an actor.
He went to London
and there he became an actor. At that time he began to write
plays too. Shakespeare was at the same time an actor and a
playwright. In his works he reflected events of his
contemporaries’ life. His plays were staged in many theatres,
translated into many foreign languages. That made Shakespeare a
very popular man.
Most famous of
his plays are Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet.
They are still popular and you can watch his .plays in almost
any country of the world. He produced thirty seven plays at all.
He had connections with the best English theatres for about 25
years.
William
Shakespeare wrote also a lot of poetry including his unbeaten
sonnets. There are numerous songs written with his poems. He is
still most often published author of the world and well known
among people. We do not know much about his life. We can only
guess what kind of man he was analyzing the legends and a few
documents of the time.
Shakespeare died
in 1616, but millions people today still admire his plays.
Вильям Шекспир (2)
Вильям Шекспир (1564-1616) был одним
из самых великих и известных писателей в истории человечества.
Он родился в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне, маленьком городе в центре
Англии. Его отец хотел, чтобы сын был образованным человеком, и
Вильяма отправили в местную среднюю школу.
Учась в школе, мальчик фактически не
имел свободного времени. Но если выпадала свободная минута, он
гулял по лесу или смотрел на реку Эйвон.
В те дни в городах не было большого
количества театров, и актеры с актрисами должны были
путешествовать, переезжая со своими представлениями с одного
места на другое. Иногда они приезжали в Стратфорд-на-Эйвоне.
Вильяму нравилось наблюдать за их игрой. Он влюбился в эту
профессию и решил стать актером.
Он поехал в Лондон, и стал там
актером. В это время он также начал писать пьесы. Шекспир был
одновременно и актером, и драматургом. В своих работах он
отразил события жизни своих современников. Его пьесы были
поставлены во многих театрах, переведены на иностранные языки.
Это сделало Шекспира очень знаменитым.
Самые известные из его пьес —
«Отелло», «Король Лир», «Гамлет», и «Ромео и Джульетта». Они до
сих пор популярны, и вы можете увидеть их практически в любой
стране мира. Всего Шекспир написал тридцать семь пьес. Он
сотрудничал с лучшими английскими театрами почти 25 лет.
Уильям Шекспир написал также много
стихов, включая непревзойденные сонеты. На его стихи написано
множество песен. Он до сих пор является самым публикуемым и
известным писателем во всем мире. Мы не много знаем о его жизни.
Мы можем только предположить, каким человеком он был, анализируя
легенды и немногие документы того времени.
Шекспир умер в 1616 г., но миллионы
людей сегодня до сих пор восхищаются его пьесами.
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was one of the greatest and famous writers in human history. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, a small town in the middle of England. His father wanted his son to be a well-educated person and William was sent to the local grammar school.
Studying at school the boy actually did not have any free time. But he spent his rare spare hours walking in the forest or watching the river Avon.
Those days there were not a lot of theatres in towns and actors and actresses had to travel moving from one place to another with their shows. Sometimes they visited Stratford-on-Avon. William liked to watch them playing. He got fond of their profession and he decided to become an actor.
He went to London and there he became an actor. At that time he began to write plays too. Shakespeare was at the same time an actor and a playwright. In his works he reflected events of his contemporaries’ life. His plays were staged in many theatres, translated into many foreign languages. That made Shakespeare a very popular man.
Most famous of his plays are Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet. They are still popular and you can watch his .plays in almost any country of the world. He produced thirty seven plays at all. He had connections with the best English theatres for about 25 years.
William Shakespeare wrote also a lot of poetry including his unbeaten sonnets. There are numerous songs written with his poems. He is still most often published author of the world and well known among people. We do not know much about his life. We can only guess what kind of man he was analyzing the legends and a few documents of the time.
Shakespeare died in 1616, but millions people today still admire his plays.
Вильям Шекспир (2)
Вильям Шекспир (1564-1616) был одним из самых великих и известных писателей в истории человечества. Он родился в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне, маленьком городе в центре Англии. Его отец хотел, чтобы сын был образованным человеком, и Вильяма отправили в местную среднюю школу.
Учась в школе, мальчик фактически не имел свободного времени. Но если выпадала свободная минута, он гулял по лесу или смотрел на реку Эйвон.
В те дни в городах не было большого количества театров, и актеры с актрисами должны были путешествовать, переезжая со своими представлениями с одного места на другое. Иногда они приезжали в Стратфорд-на-Эйвоне. Вильяму нравилось наблюдать за их игрой. Он влюбился в эту профессию и решил стать актером.
Он поехал в Лондон, и стал там актером. В это время он также начал писать пьесы. Шекспир был одновременно и актером, и драматургом. В своих работах он отразил события жизни своих современников. Его пьесы были поставлены во многих театрах, переведены на иностранные языки. Это сделало Шекспира очень знаменитым.
Самые известные из его пьес — «Отелло», «Король Лир», «Гамлет», и «Ромео и Джульетта». Они до сих пор популярны, и вы можете увидеть их практически в любой стране мира. Всего Шекспир написал тридцать семь пьес. Он сотрудничал с лучшими английскими театрами почти 25 лет.
Уильям Шекспир написал также много стихов, включая непревзойденные сонеты. На его стихи написано множество песен. Он до сих пор является самым публикуемым и известным писателем во всем мире. Мы не много знаем о его жизни. Мы можем только предположить, каким человеком он был, анализируя легенды и немногие документы того времени.
Шекспир умер в 1616 г., но миллионы людей сегодня до сих пор восхищаются его пьесами.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on 23 April 1564. His father was John Shakespeare, a craftsman and trader. William went to a grammar school where he studied grammar, logics, rhetoric and Latin.
We don’t know much about his early life. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway. Their daughter Susanna was born in 1583 and two years later Anne gave birth to twins, Hamnet and Judith.
In 1585 Shakespeare left his hometown and moved to London. He was the co-owner of a playing company Lord Chamberlain’s Men. In 1603, the company came under the patronage of King James I and changed its name to the King’s Men. In 1596 the troupe founded their own theater called the Globe – a lot of Shakespeare’s plays were performed on its stage. Shakespeare died in Stratford on 23 April 1616.
Shakespeare had a great ability to summarize the wide range of human emotions in beautiful and laconic verses. His literary heritage includes about 37 plays, 154 sonnets and some poems. He coined more than 1700 English words and created a lot of common expressions, which are widely used in modern English.
Shakespeare is often called one of the most remarkable storytellers that ever lived. He wrote comedies and tragedies, histories and romances which have become immortal.
He created a lot of great, memorable and complex characters like Hamlet, Ophelia, Lady Macbeth, Othello and King Lear. Actors love playing Shakespearean characters – these roles are usually really difficult, but very rewarding. The role of Hamlet is often considered to be the top of an actor’s career.
Уильям Шекспир – один из самых известных и влиятельных поэтов и драматургов в истории. Его пьесы, стихи и сонеты были переведены на все основные языки мира. Пьесы Шекспира часто ставят в театрах, большинство из них были экранизированы.
In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who was the daughter of the local landowner. At that time Shakespeare was 18 years old and Anne was 8 years older than him. In 1583 Anne gave birth to their daughter Susanna. In 1585 the couple had twins – son Hamnet and daughter Judith. Unfortunately, Hamnet, the only son of William Shakespeare, died at the age of 11.
Life in London
Later Shakespeare moved to London. He lived and worked in this city for many years. During that time Shakespeare wrote most of his plays and became a successful playwright. His troupe was among the leading playing companies in London.
In 1599 a theatre was built on the south bank of the River Thames. It was named the Globe. This was the theatre where Shakespeare’s company performed. Work at the theatre made Shakespeare a wealthy person. He was not only a playwright, he also took part in theatrical performances.
Later years
Several years before his death Shakespeare moved to Stratford. He died on 23 April 1616. Some research shows that at the end of his life he was in poor health.
Shakespeare’s works
Among his works there are such masterpieces of the world literature as “Romeo and Juliet”, “A midsummer night’s dream”, “Othello”, “King Lear”, “Hamlet” and many others. Apart from that Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets.
William Shakespeare’s influence extends from theatre and literature to present-day movies, Western philosophy, and the English language itself.
Ранние годы
Уильям Шекспир был английским поэтом, драматургом и актером. Он родился в 1564 году в городе Стратфорд-апон-Эйвон. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, был успешным ремесленником. Уильям был третьим ребенком в семье. Всего у его родителей было восемь детей. Уильям Шекспир посещал стратфордскую грамматическую школу.
William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. He was probably the son of a businessman and was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He probably attended the local grammar school and got a classical education. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had 3 children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in “Hamlet”. In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.
Shakespeare’s work as a playwright is subdivided into 3 periods. Written in the first period, Shakespeare’s plays are mostly history plays like “Henry VI”, and comedies with strong elements of farce. His masterpiece of this period is “Romeo and Juliet”.
In the second period Shakespeare wrote a number of comedies where he moved away from farce towards romance. In the third period, after 1600, appeared his major tragedies – “Hamlet”, “Othello”. They presented a clear opposition of order to chaos, good to evil.
Shakespeare was a great poet and would be well known for his poetry alone. His major achievement as a poet is his sonnets, first published in 1609. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, with a moral at the end. The sonnets are addressed to some “W.H.”, and to mysterious “Dark Lady of Sonnets”. The sonnets deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immortality. Shakespeare looks at his own poetry as a means of immortality. Shakespeare’s sonnets are excellent. They are full of harmony and music; they praise love, friendship and beauty, though there is no sentimentality in them.
Shakespeare’s poetry is at the summit of human achievement. Many centuries have passed since his death in 1616, but Shakespeare is still considered to be the greatest of all playwrights and poets.
2. Life of Shakespeare.
The great poet and dramatist William Shakespeare is often called by his people “Our National Bard”, “The Immortal Poet of Nature” and “The Great Unknown”. More than two hundred contemporary references to Shakespeare have been located amoung church records, legal records, documents in the Public Record Office, and miscellaneous repositories. When these owe assembled, we have at least the sceleton out line of his life, begining with his baptist on April 26, 1564, in Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, and ending with his burial there on April 25, 1616. Shakespeare’s native place was Sratford-on-Avon, a little town in Warwickshire, which is generally described as being in the middle of England.
Shakespeare’s father, John, was a prosperious glove maker of Stratford who, after holding minor municipal offices, was elected high bailiff of Stratford. Shakespeare’s mother Mary Arden, came from an affluent family of landowners.
Shakespeare probably recieved his early education at the exellent Stratford Grammar School, supervised by an Oxford graduate, where he would have learned Latin smattering of Greek. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who lived in a neighboring hamlet. The first child born to Ann and William was their daughter Susanna. In about two years Ann bore him twins a boy and a girl, Hamlet and Jidith.
Then life in Stratford became intolerable for William Shakespeare and he decided to go to London and begin a theatrical career. Shakespeare’s major activity lays in the field of drama. He became a full shareholder in his acting company, he was co-owner of “the Globe” theatre and later of “the Blackfriars” theatre, and in 1597 he purchased property in Strarford, including one of the largest houses in the town. He probably retired about 1610, travelling to London when necessary to take care of his theatrical business. In all, 154 sonnets were written. The sonnets were probably created in the 1590 but were first published in 1609.
3. Shakespeare’s works.
Shakespeare’s literary work is usually divided into three periods. The first period of his creative work falls between 1590 and 1600. Shakespeare’s comedies belong to the first period of his creative work. They all are written in his playfull manner and and in the brilliant poetry that conveys the spectator to Italy. Some of the first plays of the first period are: “Richard III” (1592), “The Comedy of Errors” (1592), “Romeo and Juliet” (1594), “Julius Caesar” (1599), “As You Like It” (1599), 1600 – “The Twelth Night”. Shakespeare’s poems are also attributed to the first period, “Venus and Adonis” and “Lucrece”, and 154 sonnets. “Venus and Adonis” was the first of Shakespeare’s works that came off the press. The second period of Shakespeare’s creative work during from 1600 to 1608. His famous tragedies appeared at this time. In the plays of this period the dramatist reaches his full maturity. He presents great humans problems. His tragedies and historical plays made Shakespeare the greatest humanist of the English Renaissanse. Some plays of the second period: 1601 – “Hamlet”, 1604 – “Othello”.
Shakespeare’s plays of the third period are called the “Romantic dramas”. There is no tragic tension in these plays. This period lasted from 1609 till 1612. 1609 – “Cymbeline”, 1610 – “The Winters Tale”, 1612 – “Henry 8”.
William Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of English writers, and probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was bom on the 23d of April, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.
In spite of his fame we know very little about his life. At the age of six he was sent to school, but had to leave it at the age of 13. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker, and when he fell into debt, William had to help him in the trade.
Just what William did between his fourteenth and eighteenth year isn’t known. At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway. Ann was eight years older than her husband and the marriage wasn’t a happy one.
When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London. We don’t know why he left Stratford-on-Avon. There is a story that Shakespeare’s first job in London was holding rich men’s horses at the theatre door. But nobody can be sure that this story is true.
Later, Shakespeare became an actor and a member of a very successful acting company. It’s highly probable that The Comedy of Errors, Romeo and Juliet and some other plays by Shakespeare were performed for the first time on this stage.
Very soon, however, the actors were told that they could no longer use the land that their theatre was built on and the company had nowhere else to perform. There is a story that in the dead of night the whole acting troop took down their theatre, timber by timber, brick by brick. They carried it across the river and rebuilt it. The new theatre was called the Globe.
Shakespeare’s Globe was rather different from modern theatres. The plays were performed in the open air and the audience got wet if it rained. There was no scenery, very few props, and the only lighting was the daylight that came from the open roof above. Women in those days weren’t allowed to act in public and all the parts (even Juliet!) were played by men. Much of the audience stood to watch the performance and moved around, talking with each other and throwing fruit at the stage if they didn’t like something.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays: 10 tragedies (such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth), 17 comedies (such as As You Like It, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing), 10 historical plays (such as Henry IV, Richard III.). He also left 7 books of poems.
Most of Shakespeare’s plays were not published in his lifetime. So some of them may have been lost in the fire when the Globe burnt down in 1613.
Shakespeare spent the last years of his life at Stratford, where he died, ironically, on the same date as his birthday, the 23d of April, 1616. He was buried in the church of Stratford. A monument was erected to the memory of the great playwright in the Poet’s Corner in Westminster Abbey. In 1997, Shakespeare’s Globe was restored.
Перевод
Уильям Шекспир, величайший и наиболее известный английский писатель, и, возможно, величайший драматург, когда-либо живущий, родился 23-го апреля 1564, в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне.
Несмотря на свою известность, мы очень мало знаем о его жизни. В возрасте шести лет он был направлен в школу, но был вынужден оставить её в возрасте 13 лет. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, был перчаточником, и когда он залез в долги, Вильяму пришлось помогать ему в его ремесле.
То, что Уильям сделал между четырнадцатью и восемнадцатью годами не известно. В возрасте 18 лет, он женился на Энн Хэтэуэй. Энн была на восемь лет старше мужа, и брак не был счастливым.
Когда Шекспиру было 21, он отправился в Лондон. Мы не знаем, почему он покинул Стратфорд-он-Эйвон. Существует легенда, что первой работой Шекспира в Лондоне было держать лошадей богатых людей у дверей театра. Но никто не может быть уверен, что эта история правдива.
Позже Шекспир стал актером и членом весьма успешной труппы. Весьма вероятно, что “Комедия ошибок”, “Ромео и Джульетта” и некоторые другие пьесы Шекспира были впервые сыграны на этой сцене.
Очень скоро, однако, актерам сказали, что они уже не могут использовать землю, на которой их театр был построен и труппе не было где играть. Существует легенда, что под покровом ночи вся труппа разобрала свой театр по бревну и по кирпичикам. Они перенесли его через реку и восстановили его. Новый театр был назван “Глобус”.
“Глобус” Шекспира довольно сильно отличался от современных театров. Спектакли проводились на открытом воздухе, и зрители промокали, если шел дождь. Декорации не существовали, реквизита было очень мало, а единственным освещением был дневной свет, который падал с крыши. Женщинам в те дни не разрешалось играть на публике и все роли (даже Джульетту!) играли мужчины. Большая часть зрителей вставала, чтобы посмотреть представление и перемещалась, разговаривая друг с другом и бросала плоды на сцену, если им что-то не нравилось.
Шекспир написал 37 пьес: 10 трагедий (такие как “Гамлет”, “Король Лир”, “Отелло”, “Макбет “), 17 комедий ( “Как вам это понравится”, “Двенадцатая ночь”, “Много шума из ничего”), 10 исторических пьес (таких, как “Генрих IV”, “Ричард III” .). Он также оставил 7 книг стихов.
Большинство пьес Шекспира не были опубликованы при его жизни. Некоторые из них могут быть утеряны в огне, когда “Глобус” сгорел в 1613 году.
Шекспир провел последние годы своей жизни в Стратфорде, где он умер, по иронии судьбы, в тот же день, когда родился, 23 апреля 1616. Он был похоронен в церкви Стратфорда. Памятник был воздвигнут в память великого драматурга в Уголоке Поэтов в Вестминстерском аббатстве. В 1997 году “Глобус” Шекспира был восстановлен.
William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. He was probably the son of a businessman and was born in 1564 in Stradford-upon-Avon. He probably attended the local grammar school and got a classical education. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had three children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in «Hamlet». In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.
Shakespeare’s work as a playwright is subdivided into three periods. Written in the first period, Shakespeare’s plays are mostly history plays like «Henry VI», and comedies with strong elements of farce («The Comedy of Errors»). His masterpiece of this period is «Romeo and Juliet».
In the second period Shakespeare wrote a number of comedies where he moved away from farce towards romance («As You Like It»). In the third period, after 1600, appeared his major tragedies – «Hamlet», «Othello». They presented a clear opposition of order to chaos, good to evil.
Shakespeare was a great poet and would be well known for his poetry alone. His major achievement as a poet is his sonnets, first published in 1609. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, with a moral at the end. The sonnets are addressed to some «W.H.» and to the mysterious «Dark Lady of Sonnets». The sonnets deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immortality. Shakespeare looks at his own poetry as a means of immortality. Shakespeare’s sonnets are excellent. They are full of harmony and music; they praise love, friendship and beauty, though there is no sentimentality in them.
Shakespeare’s poetry is at the summit of human achievement. Many centuries have passed since his death in 1616, but Shakespeare is still considered to be the greatest of all playwrights and poets.
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Вильям Шекспир-William Shakespeare
Топик по английскому языку “William Shakespeare – Вильям Шекспир”
William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in the town of Strat-ford-upon-Avon. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker and wool-dealer.
William went to the local free grammar school where he studied Latin. At the age of 18 Shakespeare married a local girl, Anne Hathaway.
We don’t know exactly when Shakespeare went to London, maybe in 1584-1589. Probably his first play was “Titus Andronicus”( 1589/1590).
Shakespeare wrote history plays such as “Henry IV” and “Richard III”, comedies such as “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” and “A Comedy of Errors”. Shakespeare’s early tragedy is “Romeo and Juliet”.
Between 1600 and 1608 Shakespeare wrote his four great tragedies, “Hamlet” “Othello” “Macbeth” and “King Lear”. It is the summit of Shakespeare’s art.
“Hamlet” is probably the most popular, the best-known of all Shakespeare’s plays. It is a very philosophical play. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is a highly intelligent person.
Hamlet’s soliloquy is very famous: “To be, or not to be; that is the question…”
Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603 and was succeeded by James VI of Scotland, son of Mary Stuart. James, who became James I of England and Scotland, was a lover of the theatre.
Shakespeare wrote a tragedy “Macbeth” in which action passes in Scotland. In 1606 Shakespeare was a very mature and successful playwright. He had become a wealthy man.
In “King Lear” we see evil defeated. “King Lear” is the greatest of all Shakespeare’s tragedies.
The story of an old king of England and his three daughters was not invented by Shakespeare. Shakespeare hardly ever invented the plot of his plays.
Between 1608 and 1613, Shakespeare wrote five plays: “Pericles” “Cymbeline” “The Winter’s Tale” “The Tempest” and “Henry VIII” In “The Tempest” Shakespeare says farewell to the theatre, to his friends.
On June 29, 1613, the Globe theatre was destroyed in a fire. For Shakespeare and his colleagues it must have been a terrible time. The Globe was the greatest theatre in England.
Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616.
He wrote 38 plays and many poems.
Перевод топика: Вильям Шекспир
Вильям Шекспир родился 23 апреля в 1564 г. в Страдфорде-на-Эйвоне. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, изготавливал перчатки и изделия из шерсти.
Вильям посещал местную бесплатную среднюю школу, где изучал латынь. В 18 лет Шекспир женился на местной девушке, Анне Гэтэвей.
Точно не известно, когда Шекспир приехал в Лондон, но скорее всего, это произошло в 1584-1589 годы. Считается, что первая пьеса Шекспира это «Тит Андроник» (1589/1590).
Шекспир писал исторические пьесы («Генрих IV» и «Ричард III»), комедии («Сон в летнюю ночь» и «Комедия ошибок»); «Ромео и Джульетта» — ранняя трагедия Шекспира.
В период между 1600 и 1608 годами Шекспир написал четыре большие трагедии: «Гамлет», «Отелло», «Макбет» и «Король Лир». Это — вершина творчества Шекспира.
«Гамлет» — самая популярная и наиболее известная пьеса Шекспира. Это глубоко психологическая пьеса. Гамлет, Принц Датский, — высоко интеллектуальный персонаж.
Все знают монолог Гамлета: «Быть или не быть, — вот в чем вопрос…».
Королева Елизавета I умерла в 1603 году, и престол занял Джеймс VI Шотландский, сын Марии Стюарт. Джеймс, который стал Джеймсом I Английским и Шотландским, был известным театралом.
Шекспир написал трагедию «Макбет», действие которой происходит в Шотландии. В 1606 году Шекспир был уже достаточно зрелым и известным драматургом. Он стал богатым.
В «Короле Лире» добро побеждает зло. «Король Лир» — самая знаменитая трагедия Шекспира.
Историю о старом короле Англии и его трех дочерях придумал не Шекспир. Шекспир вообще не придумывал сюжеты своих пьес.
В 1608-1613 годах Шекспир написал пять пьес: «Перикл», «Цим-белин», «Зимняя сказка», «Буря» и «Генрих VIII». В «Буре» Шекспир прощается с театром и со своими друзьями.
29 июня в 1613 года театр «Глобус» сгорел во время пожара. Для Шекспира и его коллег наступили тяжелые времена. «Глобус» был самым знаменитым театром в истории Англии.
Шекспир умер 23 апреля 1616 года.
Шекспир написал 38 пьес и много стихов.
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Вильям Шекспир-William Shakespeare
Топик по английскому языку “William Shakespeare – Вильям Шекспир”
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was one of the greatest and famous writers in human history. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, a small town in the middle of England. His father wanted his son to be a well-educated person and William was sent to the local grammar school.
Studying at school the boy actually did not have any free time. But he spent his rare spare hours walking in the forest or watching the river Avon.
Those days there were not a lot of theatres in towns and actors and actresses had to travel moving from one place to another with their shows. Sometimes they visited Stratford-on-Avon. William liked to watch them playing. He got fond of their profession and he decided to become an actor.
He went to London and there he became an actor. At that time he began to write plays too. Shakespeare was at the same time an actor and a playwright. In his works he reflected events of his contemporaries’ life. His plays were staged in many theatres, translated into many foreign languages. That made Shakespeare a very popular man.
Most famous of his plays are Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet. They are still popular and you can watch his .plays in almost any country of the world. He produced thirty seven plays at all. He had connections with the best English theatres for about 25 years.
William Shakespeare wrote also a lot of poetry including his unbeaten sonnets. There are numerous songs written with his poems. He is still most often published author of the world and well known among people. We do not know much about his life. We can only guess what kind of man he was analyzing the legends and a few documents of the time.
Shakespeare died in 1616, but millions people today still admire his plays.
Перевод топика: Вильям Шекспир
Вильям Шекспир (1564-1616) был одним из самых великих и известных писателей в истории человечества. Он родился в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне, маленьком городе в центре Англии. Его отец хотел, чтобы сын был образованным человеком, и Вильяма отправили в местную среднюю школу.
Учась в школе, мальчик фактически не имел свободного времени. Но если выпадала свободная минута, он гулял по лесу или смотрел на реку Эйвон.
В те дни в городах не было большого количества театров, и актеры с актрисами должны были путешествовать, переезжая со своими представлениями с одного места на другое. Иногда они приезжали в Стратфорд-на-Эйвоне. Вильяму нравилось наблюдать за их игрой. Он влюбился в эту профессию и решил стать актером.
Он поехал в Лондон, и стал там актером. В это время он также начал писать пьесы. Шекспир был одновременно и актером, и драматургом. В своих работах он отразил события жизни своих современников. Его пьесы были поставлены во многих театрах, переведены на иностранные языки. Это сделало Шекспира очень знаменитым.
Самые известные из его пьес — «Отелло», «Король Лир», «Гамлет», и «Ромео и Джульетта». Они до сих пор популярны, и вы можете увидеть их практически в любой стране мира. Всего Шекспир написал тридцать семь пьес. Он сотрудничал с лучшими английскими театрами почти 25 лет.
Уильям Шекспир написал также много стихов, включая непревзойденные сонеты. На его стихи написано множество песен. Он до сих пор является самым публикуемым и известным писателем во всем мире. Мы не много знаем о его жизни. Мы можем только предположить, каким человеком он был, анализируя легенды и немногие документы того времени.
Шекспир умер в 1616 г., но миллионы людей сегодня до сих пор восхищаются его пьесами.
Vocabulary:
Questions:
Nowadays people seem to read newspapers mostly. Many people are fond of reading detective stories or spy thrillers. I myself prefer books about politics, history, travel-books and biographies. It is my dream to become a student of the department of foreign languages and to be able to read the books by my favourite English and American writers in the original.
As for the American writers, I like to read books by Mark Twain and O’Henry.
I enjoy reading books by such English writers as Charles Dickens, Robert Stevenson, Walter Scott. My favourite English writer is William Shakespeare, one of the most outstanding personalities in the world literature.
William Shakespeare was bom in Stratford-upon-Avon not far from London. His father, John Shakespeare, came to Stratford from a village and opened a shop there. He never became a rich man but at one time he was an important official in the city. William Shakespeare lived in Stratford until he was twenty-one. He got married and had three children. At the age of 21 William left Stratford for London to join a company of actors. He was a very good actor and an excellent playwright. William Shakespeare lived and worked in London for 25 years. By the end of the 16th century William Shakespeare and his friends had enough money to build their own theatre – the Globe.
In all Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, 2 long poems, a sonnet cycle of 155 small pieces.
William Shakespeare had a natural gift for comedy. In his comedies Two Gentlemen of Verona, As you Like It, The Twelfth Night William Shakespeare describes the adventures of young men and women, their love, friendship, happiness.
Shakespeare’s tragedies King Lear, Othello, Romeo and Juliet depict noblemen who opposed evil in the world. Since they were written there has never been a time when at least some of Shakespeare’s plays were not staged.
In England and other countries it is the highest honour for an actor to be invited to play in a comedy or a tragedy by Shakespeare. In the last 35 years all the plays by W. Shakespeare have been filmed. Since 1879 Shakespeare’s Festival has been held every year at Stratford-upon-Avon.
Перевод:
В наше время люди читают, в основном, газеты. Многим людям нравится читать детективы или сенсационные романы о шпионах. Лично я люблю читать книги о политике, истории, путешествиях и автобиографические романы. Я мечтаю стать студентом факультета иностранных языков и уметь читать книги моих любимых английских и американских писателей в оригинале.
Что касается американских писателей, мне нравится читать книги Марка Твена и О’Генри. Я люблю читать книги таких английских писате лей, как Чарлз Диккенс, Роберт Стивенсон, Вальтер Скотт. Мой любимый английский писатель – Вильям Шекспир, одна из наиболее выдающихся личностей в мировой литературе.
Вильям Шекспир родился в Стрэтфорде-на-Эйвоне, недалеко от Лондона. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, приехал в Стрэтфорд из деревни и открыл там магазин. Он не стал богатым человеком, но одно время был важным чиновником в городе. Вильям Шекспир жил в Стрэтфорде до тех пор, пока ему исполнился 21 год. Он женился, и у него было трое детей. В возрасте 21-го года Вильям уехал из Стрэтфорда в Лондон и присоединился к актерской труппе. Он был хорошим актером и прекрасным драматургом.
Вильям Шекспир жил и работал в Лондоне 25 лет. К концу XVI века Вильям Шекспир и его друзья заработали достаточно денег, чтобы построить свой собственный театр Глобус.
Всего Шекспир написал 37 пьес, 2 поэмы и цикл сонетов, состоящий из 155 произведений.
У Вильяма Шекспира был природный талант комедиографа. В своих комедиях Два веронца, Как вам это нравится, Двенадцатая ночь Вильям Шекспир описывал приключения юношей и девушек, их любовь, дружбу, счастье.
В трагедиях Король Лир, Отелло, Ромео и Джульетта Шекспир изображает дворян, противостоящих мировому злу. С тех пор как они были написаны, не было такого времени, когда хотя бы некоторые пьесы Шекспира не ставились.
В Англии и других странах для актера нет высшей чести, чем быть приглашенным играть в комедии или трагедии Шекспира. В последние 35 лет все пьесы Шекспира были экранизированы. В Стрэтфорде-на-Эйвоне с 1879 г. каждый год проводится Шекспировский фестиваль.
William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all times. Not much is known of his life. William Shakespeare was born 1564, in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker and wool-dealer.
William went to the local free grammar school where he studied Latin. At the age of 18 Shakespeare married and had 3 children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in “Hamlet”. In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.
Shakespeare wrote history plays such as “Henry IV” and “Richard III”, comedies such as “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” and “A Comedy of Errors”. Shakespeare’s early tragedy is “Romeo and Juliet”.
Between 1600 and 1608 Shakespeare wrote his four great tragedies, “Hamlet” “Othello” “Macbeth” and “King Lear”. It is the summit of Shakespeare’s art.
“Hamlet” is probably the most popular, the best-known of all Shakespeare’s plays. It is a very philosophical play. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is a highly intelligent person.
Hamlet’s soliloquy is very famous: “To be, or not to be; that is the question…”
Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603 and was succeeded by James VI of Scotland, son of Mary Stuart. James, who became James I of England and Scotland, was a lover of the theatre.
Shakespeare wrote a tragedy “Macbeth” in which action passes in Scotland. In 1606 Shakespeare was a very mature and successful playwright. He had become a wealthy man.
In “King Lear” we see evil defeated. “King Lear” is the greatest of all Shakespeare’s tragedies.
The story of an old king of England and his three daughters was not invented by Shakespeare. Shakespeare hardly ever invented the plot of his plays.
Between 1608 and 1613, Shakespeare wrote five plays: “Pericles” “Cymbeline” “The Winter’s Tale” “The Tempest” and “Henry VIII” In “The Tempest” Shakespeare says farewell to the theatre, to his friends.
On June 29, 1613, the Globe theatre was destroyed in a fire. For Shakespeare and his colleagues it must have been a terrible time. The Globe was the greatest theatre in England.
Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616.
He wrote 38 plays and many poems.
Nowadays people seem to read newspapers mostly. Many people are fond of reading detective stories or spy thrillers. I myself prefer books about politics, history, travel-books and biographies. It is my dream to become a student of the department of foreign languages and to be able to read the books by my favourite English and American writers in the original.
As for the American writers, I like to read books by Mark Twain and O’Henry.
I enjoy reading books by such English writers as Charles Dickens, Robert Stevenson, Walter Scott. My favourite English writer is William Shakespeare, one of the most outstanding personalities in the world literature.
William Shakespeare was bom in Stratford-upon-Avon not far from London. His father, John Shakespeare, came to Stratford from a village and opened a shop there. He never became a rich man but at one time he was an important official in the city. William Shakespeare lived in Stratford until he was twenty-one. He got married and had three children. At the age of 21 William left Stratford for London to join a company of actors. He was a very good actor and an excellent playwright. William Shakespeare lived and worked in London for 25 years. By the end of the 16th century William Shakespeare and his friends had enough money to build their own theatre – the Globe.
In all Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, 2 long poems, a sonnet cycle of 155 small pieces.
William Shakespeare had a natural gift for comedy. In his comedies Two Gentlemen of Verona, As you Like It, The Twelfth Night William Shakespeare describes the adventures of young men and women, their love, friendship, happiness.
Shakespeare’s tragedies King Lear, Othello, Romeo and Juliet depict noblemen who opposed evil in the world. Since they were written there has never been a time when at least some of Shakespeare’s plays were not staged.
In England and other countries it is the highest honour for an actor to be invited to play in a comedy or a tragedy by Shakespeare. In the last 35 years all the plays by W. Shakespeare have been filmed. Since 1879 Shakespeare’s Festival has been held every year at Stratford-upon-Avon.
Вильям Шекспир
В наше время люди читают, в основном, газеты. Многим людям нравится читать детективы или сенсационные романы о шпионах. Лично я люблю читать книги о политике, истории, путешествиях и автобиографические романы. Я мечтаю стать студентом факультета иностранных языков и уметь читать книги моих любимых английских и американских писателей в оригинале.
Что касается американских писателей, мне нравится читать книги Марка Твена и О’Генри. Я люблю читать книги таких английских писате лей, как Чарлз Диккенс, Роберт Стивенсон, Вальтер Скотт. Мой любимый английский писатель – Вильям Шекспир, одна из наиболее выдающихся личностей в мировой литературе.
Вильям Шекспир родился в Стрэтфорде-на-Эйвоне, недалеко от Лондона. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, приехал в Стрэтфорд из деревни и открыл там магазин. Он не стал богатым человеком, но одно время был важным чиновником в городе. Вильям Шекспир жил в Стрэтфорде до тех пор, пока ему исполнился 21 год. Он женился, и у него было трое детей. В возрасте 21-го года Вильям уехал из Стрэтфорда в Лондон и присоединился к актерской труппе. Он был хорошим актером и прекрасным драматургом.
Вильям Шекспир жил и работал в Лондоне 25 лет. К концу XVI века Вильям Шекспир и его друзья заработали достаточно денег, чтобы построить свой собственный театр Глобус.
Всего Шекспир написал 37 пьес, 2 поэмы и цикл сонетов, состоящий из 155 произведений.
У Вильяма Шекспира был природный талант комедиографа. В своих комедиях Два веронца, Как вам это нравится, Двенадцатая ночь Вильям Шекспир описывал приключения юношей и девушек, их любовь, дружбу, счастье.
В трагедиях Король Лир, Отелло, Ромео и Джульетта Шекспир изображает дворян, противостоящих мировому злу. С тех пор как они были написаны, не было такого времени, когда хотя бы некоторые пьесы Шекспира не ставились.
В Англии и других странах для актера нет высшей чести, чем быть приглашенным играть в комедии или трагедии Шекспира. В последние 35 лет все пьесы Шекспира были экранизированы. В Стрэтфорде-на-Эйвоне с 1879 г. каждый год проводится Шекспировский фестиваль.