Сочинение по английскому 9 класс на тему

10 вариантов

  1. Английские топики и сочинения на все случаи жизни!

    Каждому, у кого в школе одним из предметов был любимый English, хорошо знакомы топики на английском. Такие ученики вряд ли свяжут слово «топик» с одеждой, потому что отлично помнят его написание латинскими буквами (topic) и каждую четверть писали какой-нибудь рассказ на английском на тему «Моя семья», «Праздники в Великобритании», «Мое хобби», «Моя школа» и прочие милые тексты.
    Пока не было Интернета и занятий с репетитором курсы английского по скайп, школьники брали штурмом книжные магазины, где продавались книги с гордым названием «Топики по английскому». Теперь же Сеть заполонили тысячи английских текстов, похожих друг на друга, как 2 капли воды. И достаточно примитивных по содержанию. Мы решили устранить этот недостаток и начали собирать библиотеку топиков, чтобы каждый из вас мог использовать их как помощь для написания своего интересного сочинения по английскому языку: в одном тексте взял идею, в другом – отдельные фразы, в третьем – интересное предложение. А на выходе получится эксклюзивный топик на тему, заданную преподавателем.
    Кроме того, некоторые наши топики – с переводом. Это поможет лучше понять сложные фразы или вообще понять, о чем идет речь, если вы знаете только буквы английского алфавита 🙂
    А еще вы можете сами принять участие и оказать реальную услугу для своих единомышленников. То есть если у вас есть удачный рассказ на английском на любую тему, то можете смело делиться своей находкой, пополняя таким образом нашу общую библиотеку тематических топиков по английскому. Это может быть как топик на популярную тему (например, «Рассказ о себе», «Обычаи и традиции США», «Книги в нашей жизни», «Мое любимое время года», «На уроке английского языка» и т.д.), так и на более экзотическую («Реклама», «Образование в России», «Животные и домашние любимцы» и пр.), а можете написать простой текст на английском по любом интересующей вас тематике.
    Наши топики, обычно, легкие для чтения и небольшие по размеру. Они отлично подходят для начинающих изучать английский язык!
    Напишем вместе классный рассказ на английском!

  2. Эссе по иностранному языку требует качественного содержания и хорошей организационной структуры, а также грамотного языкового оформления.
    Написание сочинения по английскому языку является одним из самых проблемных заданий при сдаче единого государственного экзамена. По сложности конкуренцию ему может составлять только аудирование. Поэтому тренировка в составлении эссе должна быть особенно усиленной и интенсивной.
    С 2012 года время, выделенное на весь экзамен по иностранным языкам, увеличено до 180 минут. Так как остальные задания экзамена не были изменены, мы рекомендуем вам потратить дополнительное время именно на письменную часть (80 минут). Более того, уточняется план к заданиям, что может облегчить задачу в написании.
    Как и написание письма на английском языке, сочинение входит в часть C. В задании С2 в ЕГЭ по английскому языку нужно написать сочинение с элементами рассуждения по данному высказыванию. Выполнить это задание не будет сложно, если вы будете придерживаться представленных ниже советов от 5-ege.ru.

    Используйте формальный стиль письма
    :
    не пользуйтесь сокращениями (don’tcan’tI’mit’s),
    не используйте скобки или восклицательные знаки — это свойственно неформальному стилю письма;
    не начинайте предложения со слов andbut или also; в разговорном языке вы можете их использовать, но избегайте этого в сочинении;
    не употребляйте вводные слова, характерные для неформального стиля (wellto tell the truth и др.);
    избегайте слишком простых предложений; объединяйте их в сложные, используя логические средства связи.

    Видео – подробно о написании сочинения

    Разделите текст на смысловые абзацы в соответствии с предложенным в задании планом.
    В первом абзаце сформулируйте проблему, которую вы будете обсуждать, однако не повторяйте тему сочинения слово в слово. Представьте, что ваш читатель не знает, о чем пойдет речь, и попытайтесь объяснить ему проблему другими словами.
    Выделите положительные и отрицательные стороны проблемы, подумайте о разумных аргументах, в поддержку обеих точек зрения. Помните, что вы должны выразить не только свою точку зрения, но и противоположную. Также не забудьте объяснить, почему вы не согласны с другой точкой зрения. Старайтесь соблюдать баланс между абзацами.
    Используйте слова-связки, чтобы помочь читателю проследить за логикой ваших рассуждений. Помните, что вводные слова выделяются запятыми.
    В последнем абзаце сделайте обобщающий вывод по данной проблеме. Вы можете также окончательно сформулировать свое мнение или предложить пути решения данной проблемы.

    Структура по частям

    Заголовок — название эссе, которое отражает тему повествования.
    Введение — 2-4 коротких предложения, которые раскрывают тему эссе.
    Основная часть — 2-3 абзаца, которые описывают суть сочинения. Максимально полно и грамотно раскройте тему, приведите доводы и аргументируйте их.
    Заключение — 2-4 предложения, которые подводят итог. Общий вывод по теме.
    В основной части сочинения все абзацы начинаются с вводного предложения (Topic Sentence) – введения. Далее мысль Topic Sentence развивается и подтверждается.
    Объем сочинения должен составлять 200-250 слов. При этом артикль – это тоже слово, поэтому не слишком увлекайтесь с развитием идей, постарайтесь удержаться в заданных рамках.

    Клише для сочинений

    Выражения мнения:
    I agree/ disagree
    In my opinion, … / From my point of view, … / As far as I am concerned, …
    I believe that…/ It seems to me that…
    I am in favour of… / I am against the idea of…
    According to…
    Some people say that…
    It is said/believed that…
    There is no doubt that…
    It cannot be denied that…
    It goes without saying that…
    We must admit that…
    Представление аргументов:
    The main argument against/in favour is…
    First of all, I would like to consider…
    The first thing I would like to consider is…
    To begin with, …/ To start with, …
    Despite the fact that…/ In spite of the fact that…
    On the one hand, … /On the other hand, …
    Besides,…/ In addition,…
    What is more, …/ Moreover, …/ More than that, …
    Finally, …
    However, … / …, though
    …although…
    Nevertheless,…
    Логические связки:
    for this reason
    therefore/that is why
    thus sth happened because of/as a result of/owing to/due to/as a consequence of
    Примеры:
    For example
    For instance
    Such as
    Like

    Заключение
    :
    To sum up, …
    To conclude, I would argue that…
    On this basis, I can conclude that…
    In conclusion, I would like to stress that…
    All in all, I believe that…

    Готовые эссе (примеры сочинений)

    Единый язык для всей планеты. За и против

    No doubt that learning languages takes up a lot of time. That is why some people think that it would be better to have only one language on our planet. But will it be really beneficial for mankind?
    In my opinion, the reduction of the number of languages is a disaster because it will totally destroy our great cultural heritage. With each loss of a language comes a loss of a culture, a loss of a way of life that deserves to be protected and treated as valuable. I also believe that leaving one language for communication will greatly reduce the linguistic diversity of our planet, which is the key to our survival. What is more, it will be rather difficult to choose which language to use and it may even lead to wars.
    Many people think that if we have only one language, communication will become easier and there will be no need to learn foreign languages. I cannot agree with them because knowledge of foreign languages makes a person educated and well rounded. You cannot broaden your mind if you see the world only from the perspective of your own culture. Besides, people are a lot more helpful if you speak their language.
    In conclusion, I would argue that we should try our best to preserve the linguistic diversity of our planet. I think that larger cultures should have a respect for minority languages, but first of all the younger generation must want to preserve their native language.

    Животные в зоопарке. Как вы к этому относитесь. Справедливо ли это

    There are a lot of zoos in the world and millions of people visit them every year. But are zoos harmful or helpful to animals which are caged there?
    I strongly believe that we should not keep animals in zoos because captivity is not natural for them and it is a constant stress to a wild animal. Keeping animals in zoos harms them by denying them freedom of movement and association. What is more, zoos are like prisons for animals as they live in small cages and do not get necessary food. In addition, animals become very aggressive and unpredictable as they get older and often attack zoo keepers and other people.
    However, most people think that zoos help endangered species survive. But this is not true because most rare animals are extremely difficult to breed in captivity. Besides, in zoos, it is almost impossible to meet the animals’ natural needs. Another argument for keeping animals in zoos is that people learn something new about these animals. Actually, zoos do not teach us much because animals do not act the way they would in the wild. I think we can learn more about animals by watching wildlife programs on TV.
    In conclusion, I would argue that zoos do not seem to help endangered species and keeping animals behind bars only for the sake of our entertainment is not quite fair. In my opinion, people must create nature reserves, where wild animals will be able to live in their natural environment.

    Запрещение машин в центрах больших городов. За или против

    There is no doubt that the invention of the car changed the world and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Nevertheless, some people are against cars, especially in the centers of big cities.
    https://5-ege.ru/napisanie-sochineniya-po-anglijskomu-yazyku/
    In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Final-ly, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks. However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.
    To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.

    Изучение иностранного языка – лучшее, что может быть, изучать его в стране, где на нем разговаривают. Согласны ли вы

    Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks. Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.
    It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.
    To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practise a language but not to study it.

    Иностранные языки. Сейчас в школах изучают по 2-3 языка. За и против

    Most people understand that without knowledge of foreign languages it is difficult to survive in the modern world. Therefore they send their children to schools where they can study two or even three foreign languages. However, is it good to study several languages simultaneously? On the one hand, foreign languages are the main part of our culture so they help us to expand our outlook. We cannot broaden our minds if we see the world only from the perspective of our own culture. In addition, learning languages is a good exercise for the intellect. Moreover, if pupils know at least one foreign language, they learn new languages much faster. On the other hand, many pupils find it confusing to learn two or three languages at a time, especially languages that are similar, because children usually mix up lots of words. Besides, some languages are tricky enough to learn. For example, in English there are more exceptions than rules. In this case, children can be overloaded with homework. More than that, some pupils do not know their native language well and learning several foreign languages could prevent them from mastering their own language.
    In conclusion, I want to say that learning languages is extremely beneficial and I would like to know different foreign languages. However, I believe children should not learn too many languages at the same time so as not to get confused. They ought to get a solid base in one language before they start learning a new one. 16. Интернет. За и против We live in the age of information technology and nowadays the Internet is nearly as common as the telephone. No doubt that it is a unique invention, which has influenced all areas of our lives. However, some people consider the Internet one of the greatest evils of our time. On the one hand, the Internet is very useful, because it lets us access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. In addition, with the Internet, it is now possible to speak to friends and relatives any-where in the world cheaply and quickly. Other services are also available through the Internet such as booking tickets or buying things. Moreover, the Internet allows a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements and makes it easier to find a job. On the other hand, the Internet can become a disaster for our society, because people spend hours in front of their computers and neglect their everyday duties. Another worry is the activities of cybercriminals. For example, hackers can steal your money or even your property while cyberterrorists may ‘attack’ the world’s computers, causing chaos, and making planes and trains crash. What is more, leaders of different terrorist or oppositional organizations can use the Internet to find new followers.
    In conclusion, I strongly believe that despite the criticisms by some and the fears of others, the Internet seems to have changed our world to the better and we must try to make the best use of it.

    Клонирование. За и против

    Recent advances in genetic biology have led us to quite a doubtful situation. People all over the world argue whether human cloning research should be controlled by the government as solving problems connected with human cloning is definitely not a piece of cake. In my opinion, human cloning experiments are extremely dangerous because there are huge risks of abnormalities in human clones. Moreover, if clones have been made, they will obviously have serious psychological problems connected with their unusual birth. Finally, there is no doubt that human cloning will change our perception of what is the value of a human life as we might change from having children to manufacturing them. However, scientists claim that human cloning could be very beneficial as therapeutic cloning could provide stem cells for regenerative medicine and tissues for transplantation. Besides, re-productive cloning will probably give parents who are both infertile an opportunity to have children. I am afraid that this technology is not safe enough to use on humans. It is also possible that clones will age quicker since the cell used in the cloning procedure has already been used in a real life individual.
    To sum up, we must question whether human cloning is really worth it when weighed against the problems it raises. From my point of view, human reproductive cloning should be under the tight control of the government and the UN because it is dangerous to interfere with nature and the consequences can be really disastrous.

    Книги или компьютеры. Кто победит в будущем

    The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes. But will they be able to replace printed books? In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information. Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts. On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.
    To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.

    Компьютерные игры. За и против

    People have always had different hobbies but technological progress has caused the appearance of computers and computer games, which can keep a child occupied for hours. However, adults consider computer games a complete waste of time. As for me, I believe computer games are more than mindless entertainment. To begin with, computer games can teach people to achieve their aims as they regularly put obstacles and traps in the way of players which are necessary to overcome in order to progress through the rest of the game. Additionally, computer games can be a valuable source of accidental learning that can be applied to school, home, and social events. Moreover, teachers have also started to appreciate educational games as an opportunity to make their lessons more exciting. Nevertheless, quite a few people are against this activity as they find it rather addictive and harmful for children’s health. They argue that computer games make students neglect their school work. However, if we learn to control our computer use and play games for an hour just to relax after a hard day at school, this will not do us any harm. What is more, modern technology made it possible to eliminate the bad effect of computers on our eyes.
    To sum up, I believe that computer games have more advantages than drawbacks. They make us persistent, develop our logical reasoning and help us to escape from everyday problems. The thing is to find a right balance between virtual reality and everyday reality.

    Космос. За и против исследований в космосе

    Space exploration can mean a major leap for mankind. However, it is often criticized because the price for these space experiments is too high, especially while poverty still exists in many parts of the world. On the one hand, space research is extremely beneficial as it advances technology. As a result of this work, we have lots of inventions, which have made our lives much more comfortable. In addition, through the exploration of space, we could find new elements, minerals or even discover new laws of physics and eventually learn more about ourselves. What is more, space exploration will allow us to establish a human civilization on another planet as a hedge against the catastrophe that might occur on the Earth. On the other hand, the benefits of space exploration are not self-evident, no matter how real they are. It costs billions of dollars to fund the projects of space science whereas this money should rather be spent on meeting the needs of the underprivileged. Besides, some of the technology we develop through space science can be used in a destructive manner if it is in the wrong hands. Finally, a travel to space can be dangerous as we may discover something that is extremely harmful for the living beings on Earth.
    To conclude, I want to say that space exploration satisfies the human desire for adventure therefore most people are interested in space research. Nevertheless, I believe our governments should find the right balance between social and space programs.
    Рекомендуем:
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    Будет ли обязательным ЕГЭ по английскому языку
    План сочинения ЕГЭ по русскому языку
    Написание сочинения ЕГЭ по русскому языку. Советы
    Как писать эссе по обществознанию, готовые сочинения

  3. Список тем эссе для подготовки к письменной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку.

    Topics of Essays in English
    Life of people / society / family / money / laws
    1.
    Life in a big city / life in the country
    2.
    Modern and old life – quietness/ more opportunities
    3.
    Men withstand age better than women and remain attractive longer
    4.
    “Man is born for happiness” / “The only one is worthy for happiness and freedom, who struggles for them every day”
    5.
    Family is the most important thing in life.
    6.
    Only talented people can achieve success / hard work compensates for the lack of talent
    7.
    Money – happiness and joy / a source of trouble
    8.
    Money – the only way to success
    9.
    Families with 1 child (nuclear family) / life in a big (extended) family
    10.
    Cloning experiments
    11.
    Freedom of press – achievements of democracy / journalistic mistakes
    12.
    Holiday celebrations – enjoyment / just a day-off
    13.
    Preparing for holidays is more fun than celebrating them.
    14.
    The best holidays are those which have got special traditions of celebration
    15.
    A person can have only 1 true friend
    16.
    Life – long friendship exists only in films.
    17.
    Sending to prison – the only way of punishment
    18.
    Death penalty – an appropriate punishment for murderers
    19.
    Appearances are deceitful
    20.
    Coins and paper money / credit and bank cards
    21.
    Famous pop and sports stars earn too much money.
    22.
    A popular actor’s life is always fun.
    23.
    Honesty is the best policy.
    24.
    The best things in life are free.
    Life of young people
    1.
    Modern teens – awful / criticized for no reason
    2.
    Being young – fun and entertainment / not easy
    3.
    Childhood is the safest period of human life.
    4.
    In Europe children begin an independent life at 18…
    5.
    Part-time jobs for teens
    6.
    Pocket money – teaches to be responsible / parents should buy everything
    7.
    Giving extra pocket money for good marks
    8.
    Young people are not as healthy as 50 years ago
    9.
    Youth contacts / students’ exchange programs
    10.
    Subcultures
    12.
    It is easier to make friends than to keep them.
    12.
    Friendship /love is the most important thing in life.
    13.
    Circus is the best entertainment for children.
    Education / school / teachers
    1.
    Education is compulsory, school is not
    2.
    Future education – books / computers
    3.
    Good education – at home /abroad
    4.
    On-line education – good / bad
    5.
    All subjects at school are equally useful
    6.
    Homework – too much , no time to do it properly
    7.
    School uniforms
    8.
    Pupils should take part in making decisions about school problems / too young
    9.
    School trips – interesting and educational / waste of time
    10.
    Teachers – noble / not as respected as it used to be
    11.
    Teachers – knowledgeable / make teaching enjoyable and fun
    12.
    Are exams a fair way of testing students?
    13.
    Boys and girls should study separately
    14.
    Is it better to have a 5-day or a 6-day week at school?
    15.
    Producing a school magazine – develops creativity, teaches different skills / waste of time
    16.
    School classmates make the best friends
    17.
    School friendship can’t last forever.
    18.
    Students do not study enough modern authors and literature.
    19.
    Education polishes good natures and corrects bad ones.
    20.
    A University degree is a must for success in modern world.
    Learning foreign languages
    1.
    Learning foreign languages – a waste of time
    2.
    Learning foreign languages – abroad or at home
    3.
    To learn only English or 2-3 languages
    4.
    Entertaining way of learning a foreign language – to learn words of songs/lyrics
    5.
    1 language on the planet – it is good / a disaster
    6.
    Russian is easier to learn than English.
    Choosing a career
    1.
    Choosing a career – following in one’s parents’ footsteps
    2.
    Some teens want to have a highly paid job /others – interesting and bringing satisfaction
    3.
    After leaving school – education or work / gap year
    4.
    Some people think that success in life is making a career only.
    5.
    Some people don’t like to have a working day from 9 to 5.
    6.
    Work is the most important thing in life.


    Technology (TV / mobiles / cars / bikes / computers / space)
    1.
    Cars changed the world / it’s better without them
    2.
    Cars should be banned in the centre of big cities
    3.
    Bikes should be banned in the centre of big cities
    4.
    People spend too much money on space exploration
    5.
    UFOs – claim to have seen them / sci-fi
    6.
    Technology – an important part of our lives / too many machines
    7.
    Technical devices do more harm than good
    8.
    Computers- help better education / only playing games
    9.
    Computer games – children+ / parents – (teach nothing , children should avoid them)
    10.
    Computer – physical activity
    11.
    Virtual reality – a part of our life / dangerous
    12.
    TV – negative effect on people’s health
    13.
    TV destroys family life / enriches it
    14.
    Children watch too much TV
    15.
    Soap operas
    16.
    Reality shows
    17.
    TV advertising
    18.
    Internet / social networking is the most popular way of communication
    Sports / Health
    1.
    Sport – enjoyable / not useful
    2.
    Doing sports regularly / watch sports events
    3.
    Extreme sports help to build a character / very dangerous
    4.
    Professional sports
    5.
    Olympic Games – pro and contra
    6.
    Dieting – the only way of losing weight
    7.
    Eating out / at home
    8.
    Genetically modified food
    9.
    Exotic diets
    10.
    Fast food / McDonalds
    11.
    Smoking
    12.
    Sport unites.
    13.
    Sport reduces stress.
    14.
    Health is the most important thing in life.
    15.
    It’s beneficial to host international sports events.
    Hobbies / fashion
    1.
    Collecting things
    2.
    Collection of photo albums / to store photos in a computer
    3.
    To knit or not to knit?
    4.
    How music influences us?
    5.
    Music helps to avoid stress / distracts from daily routine.
    6.
    Writing letters
    7.
    Books / film version
    8.
    Reading detectives – a waste of time?
    9.
    Reading adventure stories – a waste of time?
    10.
    Some people think that we do not need poetry
    11.
    Graffiti – a form of art / vandalism
    12.
    Cinema / theatre
    13.
    Clothes affects how you feel / don’t care how you look
    14.
    Fashion industry exists to persuade people to spend money on things you really don’t need
    15.
    Sewing and knitting clothes home is a waste of time and money
    16.
    Clothes that people wear influences their behavior
    17.
    Following a fashion is a waste of time and money.
    18.
    Bookshops / libraries will soon be the sign of the past.
    Tourism / Travelling
    1.
    Tourism broadens our mind
    2.
    Tourism ruins everything
    3.
    Travelling – experience new things / lie on the beach
    4.
    International / domestic tourism
    5.
    Why young people like travelling more than senior citizens
    6.
    Buying souvenirs is a waste of money.
    7.
    Cultural differences cause problems, it’s better to stay in one’s own country
    8.
    Tourism abroad helps to understand your own country.
    9.
    Visiting museums is still important nowadays.
    Environment / Animals
    1.
    Our future will be… – optimistic / pessimistic point of view
    2.
    Climate changes – serious concern / not a big deal
    3.
    Zoos for animals – fair or not
    4.
    Experiments on animals – cruel and unnecessary
    5.
    Neglected animals – life in the streets / to be collected and put into shelters
    6.
    Pet animals – to keep / not to keep
    7.
    Pets reduce stress
    8.
    Pollution is the greatest problem caused by people.
    9.
    Growth of cities / technical progress is harmful for the environment.

  4. List of articles in category Сочинения
    Заголовок
    About My Devotion to English – О моей любви к английскому
    About My Friend – О моем друге
    About My Room – О моей комнате
    About Myself – О себе
    Advantages and Disadvantages of a Computer – Преимущества и недостатки компьютера
    Advantages and Disadvantages of a Phone – Преимущества и недостатки телефона
    Advantages and Disadvantages of a Zoo – Преимущества и недостатки зоопарка
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Life in a City – Преимущества и недостатки жизни в городе
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Life in a Village – Преимущества и недостатки жизни в деревне
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Sport – Преимущества и недостатки спорта
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Television – Преимущества и недостатки телевидения
    Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet – Преимущества и недостатки интернета
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Travelling – Преимущества и недостатки путешествий
    Animals – Животные
    Clothes – Одежда
    Computers – Компьютеры
    Education – Образование
    English In My Life – Английский язык в моей жизни
    Environmental Problems – Проблемы окружающей среды
    Friendship – Дружба
    Humanity’s Greatest Challenges – Глобальные проблемы человечества
    In the Zoo – В зоопарке
    Internet – Интернет
    Mass Media – Средства массовой информации
    Money – Деньги

  5. Education is the most valuable thing for a teenager
    Some people believe that teenagers should study all the time because it is one of the most important things for them at their age. Others tend to think that education is not such a valuable aspect of teenagers’ life as it may seem. In this essay I am going to detail my own view on this issue.
    Volunteering is essential for teenagers
    Many modern teenagers are involved in volunteering, and their involvement appears to be controversial. Some people appreciate teenagers’ participation in social projects while others would prefer teenagers to pay more attention to themselves. In this essay I am going to detail my position on this issue.
    Studying knows no holidays
    Some people believe that studying is a continuous proccess while others tend to think that there is no necessity to spend every hour of your life on acquiring knowledge and developing skills. In this essay I am going to express myself on this issue.
    An early choice of a career path is the key to success
    All people want to be successful in life and they expect their career to give them all the good things of life. The question is when it is better to make a career choice. Some people believe that career decisions should be made at an early age, while others are sure that one should take some time and think it out.
    Fast food is the food of the future
    It is difficult to imagine our life without fast food. It is gradually forcing out the traditional cuisine, and many people are sure that fast food will dominate in the future.
    New information technologies cannot make one smarter
    As a matter of fact, we live in the age of information technologies, varying in complexity, size, and purpose. Personal computers, computer nets, laptops, smartphones are great inventions used by people every day. The question is whether these gadgets make mankind smarter.
    Studying online is better than going to a regular class
    The modern world is experiencing great changes in almost every sphere of life including education. Nowadays, young people have a variety of educational systems. Online classes are becoming more and more popular.
    Exams motivate students to study harder
    If you go to school or university, you are faced with a number of exams. Basically, these exams are supposed to test your knowledge and skills. Also, they may motivate you to study harder.
    Sport is the best way to reduce stress
    Our life is full of stress. Many people live under the press of economic, social and other problems. These people find different ways to get rid of stress, and one of them is sport.
    Chinese will replace English as an international language
    At any age there are languages that dominate all over the world. These languages are spoken and understood by the majority of people. Nowadays, English enjoys the most popularity, yet Chinese seems to have better perspectives.
    Fast food outlets should be closed
    Fast food is a flourishing modern industry conquering the whole world. It is not top-secret that this kind of food is far from being healthy. It causes serious diseases like obesity, cancer, diabetes, and, for that matter, many people want fast food outlets to be closed everywhere.
    Honesty is the best policy
    From an early age we have been taught to be honest with people around us. Our parents and teachers always make us tell the truth and disapprove of a lie. Yet many of us consider honesty not to be the best policy.
    Family is the most important thing in life
    People put much value upon different things, for example, money, freedom, friends, etc. But it is often stated that family has to be on top of all things.
    It is difficult to understand jokes from other countries
    Everybody likes to laugh that is why he/she often watches comedies and humorous shows, reads funny stories. Some people consume all this content no matter where it comes from, others ignore foreign humour because they find it difficult to understand.
    Money cannot make one happy
    Everyone wants to be rich and happy. Some people see the direct connection between money and happiness, others consider them to be two different things.
    The best way to lose weight is following a diet
    There are many ways to loose weight, and following a diet is one of the most popular ones. But is being on a diet the best strategy to grow thin?
    It is better to read a book than to watch its film version
    Nowadays, more and more people neglect books and prefer watching their film versions. The question is whether it is a positive tendency or not.
    Clothes people are wearing can influence their behaviour
    We cannot imagine our life without clothes, the main function of which is protective. Clothes protect us from cold and hot weather, from rain and snow and from other negative effects of the environment. Also, clothes are considered to influence people’s behaviour.
    A person who is fluent in a foreign language can easily teach it
    Nowadays, learning foregn languages is becoming more and more popular. Thus language teachers are in great demand everywhere. Many people, who are fluent in languages but are not educational specialists, are tempted to tackle the teaching.
    Virtual Internet communication results in losing real-life social skills
    New technologies are developing at high speed these days, and their development is unstoppable. One of the most influential technologies is the Internet penetrating into every aspect of people’s life and endangering their real-life social skills.
    It is better to be a leader of a group than to be a simple member
    All members of our society can be divided into two categories – leaders and ordinary members. Their functions, levels of responsibility and rewards are different. While leaders usually have high standards of living, ordinary people do with limited amenities of life.
    Children should be able to choose which subjects to learn at school
    At school children are supposed to learn many subjects. Most of them are compulsory, that is why boys and girls often make a stand against them and say they want to choose subjects on their own.
    It is better to learn distantly than to go to traditional school
    Technological progress has caused an argument about education. The thing is that some people believe that distant learning is better, and other people stick to the point that going to school is the only way to get good education.
    Some people think that extreme sports help to build character
    Nowadays more and more people go in for extreme sports like skateboarding, base jumping, parachute jumping, mountaineering and others. They believe that extreme sports help to build character.
    Good books are those books that all people like and understand
    Nowadays there is a great variety of literary writings varying in genre, volume, conceptual meaning, and so on. Some of them are recognized as good and worth reading without fail. But the question is how people manage to grade books and select good ones.
    Virtual travelling is better than the real thing
    Nowadays the virtual world is gradually becoming an essential part of our life. On the Internet, there are a lot of photos and video presentations of different countries and cities so that you do not need to go and see them with your own eyes.
    Life is becoming more and more dangerous
    Life is not fixed, and our living conditions are constantly changing. The question is whether they are changing for the better or the worse.
    Some people think that to get a good education one should go abroad
    If you want to be a successful person, you have to get a good education abroad or in this country. What option is the best?
    Public libraries are becoming less popular and they will soon disappear
    Public libraries are supposed to store paper books and lend them to everyone who wants to borrow them. But modern technologies allow you to get a book you need without going to libraries.
    In any occupation discipline is more important than talent
    Everyone wants to be successful in his or her occupation. The question is what the person needs more – discipline or talent.
    Some people think that to get a good education one should go abroad
    If you want to be a successful person, you have to get a good education abroad or in this country. What option is the best?
    Only people who earn a lot of money can be successful
    All people in the world want to be successful. Most of them are convinced that success means much money.
    Every city and every town should have a zoo
    It is always fun to visit a zoo. Both children and grown-ups like to watch different animals: mammals, reptiles and others. The problem is that not every city and every town has a zoo.
    Fast food kills national culinary traditions
    Fast food is a fast-growing industry including thousands of restaurants and cafes throughout the country. It may seem that fast food is killing national culinary traditions.
    Some people think that you can have only one true friend
    Friendship is one of the greatest phenomena of people’s life. The true friend is always ready to help and support us in any situation. Is it possible to have many true friends?
    Some people think that young people should follow in their parents’ footsteps when choosing a profession
    Choosing a profession is a great problem because its solution affects almost every aspects of a person’s future life. To be on the safe side, many young people follow in their parents’ footsteps. Are they right or not?
    Some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of time and money
    Learning foreign languages is becoming more and more popular nowadays. A number of language schools and teachers is constantly growing up. But there are some people think that learning foreign languages is a waste of time and money.
    A pupil cannot study effectively without a computer
    The computer is one of the greatest inventions of all times. It helps us to work, relax, and study. Computer technologies are widely used in education by both teachers and pupils. It is believed that computers help them to be more effective.
    Does love at first sight really exist? Is it a charming romantic fiction or a reality?
    Love is a nice feeling that is the reason of durable family ties. If two persons love each other they are much more likely to reach mutual understanding and overcome difficulties of life.
    The Internet is one of the greatest inventions of mankind. Still, it is considered to be dangerous to many people.
    Nowadays, almost every home has access to the Internet. We use the Internet for various purposes: gaining necessary information, taking part in communities, and even making money.
    More and more people are choosing to live in cities. But some people take up residence in the country.
    Nowadays, there’s a tendency for active young people to leave rural areas for towns and cities. That is the reason why the population of the villages is thinning down now.
    Some people prefer to have big families, but the others come to nothing more than only one child
    Family is a basic constituent of any nation. The well-being of the nation depends on the well-being of each family. A lot of factors make a family happy, and children are among of them. But how many children does a family need to be perfectly happy?
    Well-developed industry ensures the well-being of the whole country and its citizens. But industrial growth is often followed by aggravation of environmental problems.
    Industrial development plays a large role in prosperity of any country. I doubt whether the country could do without leading industries, such as: heavy and light industry, power engineering, extractive industry, heavy engineering, chemical industry, etc.
    As is well known, going in for sport is extremely health-giving. However, many professional athletes suffer from diseases caused by intense exercises.
    Nice shape, great stamina, bulging muscles are the dreams of most people. These dreams may come true thanks to sport.
    Fast food is perhaps the quickest way to satisfy your hunger. But according to many experts, fast food can cause serious illnesses: obesity, gastritis, indigestion, pancreatitis, etc.
    You can hardly find a person who never heard about global fast food chains, such as McDonald’s, Subways, Burger King and so on. Nowadays, fast food industry is one of the most flourishing businesses all over the world.
    Not anyone who knows a foreign language can be an interpreter
    Nowadays, being an interpreter is one of the most prestigious occupations. A lot of young people dream of becoming an interpreter, that’s why they study foreign languages very actively. Many of them achieve a good level of competence.
    School leavers should take a gap year before entering university
    Many high school students take a gap year before entering university. This is a year in which they usually travel abroad and see the world to broaden their horizons. However, some people believe it’s better for them to go straight to university.
    Team sports help people develop a stronger character than individual sports do
    There are many benefits to playing both team and individual sports. Apart from getting some exercise and improving your physical abilities, you can learn about your strengths and weakness and feel great about your accomplishments on the track or field. However, some people believe that team sports help develop a person’s character better.
    People have become too dependent on technology
    These days, people use technology to do many things. They use computers at work, mobile phones for communication, and television to watch programmes. These devices are useful, but have people become too dependent on them?
    Governments should limit the size of sugary drink containers in order to improve public health
    Whenever you visit a supermarket, there is always a huge selection of soft drinks. These drinks are popular because they’re full of sugar, which makes them taste great. It’s become a problem for some people who have gained weight from drinking them. So, should governments limit the size of the containers these drinks are sold in?
    People shouldn’t be allowed to work from home because it’s less productive than being in the office
    More and more people are working from home rather than in an office. It has become easier to work at home because your work can be done on a computer and emailed into the office. But is this good for productivity?
    The production and sale of genetically-modified food should be banned
    In an effort to improve our food supply, scientists have discovered ways to genetically modify food so that it grows faster and is less susceptible to disease. But should the production and sale of genetically-modified food be banned?
    Filmgoers should rely on reviews when choosing a film to see
    Going to the cinema is a popular pastime that nearly everyone loves doing. It seems that every week, a dozen new films are released, and filmgoers are curious about which ones are worth seeing. Should filmgoers rely on reviews when choosing a film to see?
    Pushing children to achieve robs them of their childhood
    Our world has become very competitive, and many parents want to do their best to prepare their children for success in life. Do parents push their children too hard when they’re young, taking away a happy childhood in the process?
    Just as teachers assess their students, so students should assess their teachers
    It is a teacher’s job to assess students’ performance in class. They must mark students’ work and give them feedback on their progress. Should students also be allowed to assess their teachers on their performance?
    It’s always best to wear a business suit when you have an interview for a job
    Getting a job takes a lot of effort, as you have to prepare yourself to answer a lot of questions about your skills and your history. You also have to look your best at the interview. Should you always wear a business suit to an interview?

    ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕМЫ СОЧИНЕНИЙ:

    • Getting married and having children is the key to one’s happiness.
    • The generation gap will always exist.
    • Vegetarianism is the only way of healthy eating.
    • Cloning people will break the normal life.
    • Feng Shui makes people more successful.
    • In 100 years, all the countries will be at peace.
    • New technologies will make crime impossible.
    • It is insane to live in a densely packed block of flats.
    • Man should come back to nature and enjoy healthy pleasures of rural life.
    • For the younger generation there is nothing in seclusion of a countryside.
    • Joys of life in the country could be fully appreciated only by local people.
    • It is necessary to build blocks of flats nowadays.
    • Films can tell us a lot about the country where they were made.
    • It is strange that some movie stars earn millions of dollars a year.
    • Watching violence in movies is bad for children.
    • Technology has made the cinema a better thing.
    • There is no future without the Internet.
    • The growth of the Hollywood film industry has replaced quality with quantity.
    • Cosmetic surgery can improve the quality of life.
    • International sport is war without shooting.
    • Telepathetic communication would lead to constant conflicts.
    • President of a country is the most important person.
    • Education opens the doors to happiness and success.
    • University students should pay for their education.
    • Earning money is more important than getting a good education.
    • Your work is your identity.
    • Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance.
    • Fashion is a pure commerce.
    • Marriage should be banned before a certain age.
    • New technologies boost unemployment.

  6. Формат и правила написания сочинения “expressing opinion”        ЭССЕ
    • Сочинение “expressing opinion”  пишется в формальном (деловом) стиле.
    • В данном типе сочинения требуется выразить свою точку зрения на заданную тему, а так же привести противоположные вашей точки зрения других людей и объяснить, почему вы с ними не согласны.  Ваше мнение должно быть четко сформулировано и подкреплено примерами или доказательствами.
    • Объем сочинения 200-250 слов (минимум 180 слов, максимум 275)
    • В сочинении должны активно использоваться конструкции типа «In my opinion», «I think»,«I_believe»
    • Необходимо использование вводных слов и конструкций типа “On the one hand, on the other hand”…, слов – связок (Nevertheless, Moreover, Despite…)
    • Запрещается  использование сокращения, типа “I’m”, “they’re” “don’t”, “can’t” (иначе будет снижен балл за организацию сочинения)
    • Сочинение“expressing opinion”  имеет строгую структуру, изменение которой при написании сочинения приведет к снижению балла. Сочинение “expressing opinion” состоит из 4-х абзацев:
    1) Introduction (вступление)
    Во вступлении необходимо четко сформулировать тему-проблему, указав, что существуют две противоположные точки зрения на проблему (Some people claim that mobile phones are very useful devices while others argue that life could be less stressful without them.) и высказать свое мнение, не используя слишком много личных конструкций
    Однако  первое предложение не должно слово в слово повторять заданную тему сочинения. Рекомендуемое окончание первого абзаца: Now I would like to express my point of view on the problem of …
    2) Основная часть
    1 абзац.  Привести 2-3 аргумента, подтверждающих вашу точку зрения, подкрепляя  их примерами или доказательствами.
    Во втором абзаце вы должны придерживаться только ОДНОЙ точки зрения, например:  Mobile phones in my opinion are very useful devices. ИЛИ I consider the mobile phone to be a harmful and useless invention.
    Необходимо привести 2-3 аргумента с доказательствами в поддержку собственного мнения
    2 абзац.  Привести  противоположные точки зрения (1-2), и объяснить, почему  вы с ними НЕ согласны. Пример: However, some people think that mobile phones not only keep you in touch with your relatives and friends but also provide you with a great number of facilities. I can’t agree with this statement because…
    Ваши контраргументы мнению других людей не должны повторять 2ой абзац.
    3) Conclusion (заключение)
    Необходимо сделать вывод, обратившись к заданной в 1-м параграфе теме, что существуют 2 точки зрения на проблему, а также подтвердить собственную точку зрения.
    Например: «There are different points of view on this problem. I think that…» или «Taking everything into consideration, there are two different points of view on this problem. I believe that…
    Useful vocabulary for composition”expressing opinion”
    1 абзац   Вводные фразы
    It is popularly believed that….
    People often claim that… Some people argue that…
    A lot of people think that…
    It is often suggested /believed that…
    Many people are in favour of idea that… Many people are convinced that…
    Some people are against…
    2 абзац. Фразы, выражающие свою точку зрения:
    I would like to explain my point of view on this situation.
    I would like to express my opinion on this problem.
    Фразы, характеризующие преимущества  обсуждаемой проблемы:
    As already stated I’m in favor of… for a number of reasons…
    There are many things to be said in favour of…
    The best/ thing about……. is…
    Фразы, перечисляющие точки зрения:
    Firstly, /First of all….
    In the first place
    To start with, / To begin with,
    Secondly, Thirdly, Finally,
    Last but not least,
    Фразы, добавляющие новые аргументы:
    Furthermore, /Moreover, /What is more,
    As well as…. /In addition to this/that…
    Besides, /…….also….
    Not only…., but…… as well.
    Apart from this/that….
    not to mention the fact that
    3 абзац.
    Some people believe that… however they fail to understand that…
    they fail to consider that… they forget that…
    Some people argue that …. I can not agree with it as …
    I disagree with this point of view (statement, opinion) because …
    It has become fashionable for some people to argue that…
    Contrary to what most people believe, I think that…
    As opposed to the above ideas…I believe that…
    4 абзац. Заключительные фразы:
    In conclusion,
    On the whole,
    To conclude,
    To sum up,
    All in all,
    All things considered
    Finally,
    Lastly,
    Taking everything into account,
    Taking everything into consideration
    Выражение личного мнения:
    In my opinion this subject is very controversial
    In my view…
    To my mind…
    To my way of thinking…
    Personally I believe that…
    I feel strongly that…
    It seems to me that…
    As far as I am concerned…
    EXAMPLE
    (Тема) Some people prefer to have big families, but the others come to nothing more than only one child.
    (Вступление) Family is a basic constituent of any nation. The well-being of the nation depends on the well-being of each family. A lot of factors make a family happy, and children are among of them. But how many children does a family need to be perfectly happy?
    (Собственное мнение) In my opinion, parents should have three children. I consider it to be the optimum number of kids. (Аргументы) Firstly, in this case parents contribute to population growth in the country. The demographic depression is really the case of many countries. Secondly, the children grown not all alone are more sociable and less egoistic. Thirdly, a child from a big family has a better chance to succeed in life because his siblings are willing to help.
    (Противоположная точка зрения) There is no doubt that big families have their disadvantages as well. (Аргументы) In the first place, it is worth mentioning that big families are noisy. It’s pretty hard to find peace and quiet. In this respect, small families receive a benefit. In addition to it, the more children you have, the more conflicts you get. Your children may have vastly different interests. For example, some want to read a book and others switch on the television at the same time. (Аргумент в пользу собственного мнения) However that may be, loneliness is much worse than conflicts of interests. If parents learn their children how to get along with each other critical moments will be avoided.
    (Заключение) To sum it up, it goes without saying that a big family is good. But, you must regard things in a sober light. It would be sensible to assess the suitability for having children first. If you have enough time, patience, wisdom, and money, don’t hesitate to give birth to children.
    EXAMPLE
    (Тема )In western countries after secondary school, students very often do not continue immediately with their studies, but they take a one year break, called a ‘gap year’, when they travel or do voluntary work. Write an argumentative essay presenting arguments for and against the gap year.
    Введение в тему(Вступление)In today’s world of fierce competition, it is important for young people to get well-prepared for the challenges of the future. Thus the institution of gap year can be regarded as a step in the right direction though it is also not without its problems.
    Аргументы “за” In its favour, the gap year seems to be useful psychologically as it helps young people understand their needs and interest better before they actually commit themselves to any particular career path. Besides, the gap year has educational advantages because it offers a lot of opportunities to learn about the world and one’s own place in it. For all these reasons, the gap year can be regarded as a positive social institution.
    Аргументы “против» However, as critics are quick to point out, the gap year can in fact be harmful as it interrupts with the rhythm of learning and often makes it difficult for students to return to their studies. Apart from that, unfortunately not every young person can afford totravel around the world and many of them end up sitting around at home, which can be very demotivating.
    (Заключение) All in all, the gap year may arouse mixed feelings, but still thousands of people every year take a year off. One can only hope they will use it fruitfully, minimizing the dangers and taking full advantage of its benefits.

  7. People like to talk about the weather and they complain when the weatherman gets it wrong.They can`t forecast it for more than 7 days. And that`s the reason why we can`t rely on their forecast. I live in Moscow where the climate is continental- winters are cold, summers are hot. Our winter is rather long,about 4 months with lots of snow. I can`t say that the winter in Moscow is very cold, but we can have two or three weeks with the temperature about 15 or 25 degrees below zero. The rest of the winter can be mild and often windy. Spring may be chilly,humid and rather wet. I wouldn`t rely on the weather in spring if I want to go sightseeing. Slippery roads, fog and rain are the signs of Moscow autumn. On the other hand, our summer is becoming warmer and warmer. Our summer requires clothing made of light material, so many of us wear T-shirts and pairs of shorts. I like summer more than any other season of the year. I can go swimming, the days are long, you can grow flowers and go to parks for rest. You don`t need heavy coats and boots. Finally, I think the best time for visitors to come to Moscow is summer. No dirty snow, no dirty cars in the streets of the city. Moscow looks beautiful and welcome in summer. People seem relaxed and brighter when the weather is warm. But we should remember that long periods when the weather stays the same day after day are not very common in Moscow
    следующий >

  8. Essay – (эссе) рассказ.
    (ключевые выражения – линкеры)
    1.Первый абзац (вступление):
    Many people think  that…………… Others believe that………. Who is right?
    Многие люди думают, что………. Другие верят, что………. Кто прав?
    2.Второй абзац (основная часть):
    In my opinion,………… Firstly,………… Secondly,…….Thirdly,……
    По-моему мнению,………. Во-первых,……… Во-вторых,…….В-третьих,……
    3.Третий абзац ( противоположное мнение):
    However, some people think that…………….,because………. Moreover,…….
    Однако, некоторые люди думают, что…..,потому что…….Более того…….
    4. Четвёртый абзац ( опровержение противоположного мнения)
    Taking this point of view into consideration, I can not completely agree with these people, because…………. Besides,…….
    Принимая эту точку зрения во внимание, я абсолютно не могу согласиться с этими людьми, потому что………… Кроме того,……..
    5. Четвёртый абзац (вывод):
    In conclusion, I would like to tell you, that…….
    Таким образом, мне хотелось бы сказать вам, что…….
    Другие линкеры:
    From my point of view,… – С моей точки зрения,…..
    To begin with,……Для начала,…..
    What is more,…Более того,…..
    Furthermore,…..Более того,…..
    In addition,……Вдобавок,…….
    Therefore,…….Следовательно,……
    Классные выражения:
    There is no denying the fact, that……Нельзя отрицать тот факт, что……..
    It goes without saying, that…….Само собой разумеется, что…….

  9. “Improving discipline at school is a big priority”
    «Улучшение дисциплины в школе очень важный момент»
    “Soon everybody will be downloading music from the Internet and concert halls will disappear”
    «Скоро каждый будет скачивать музыку с Интернета и концертные залы исчезнут»
    “The world is a book, and those who do not travel, read only a page”
    ”Мир-это книга, те, кто не путешествуют, прочитывают только одну страницу”
    “Not many people give up a dull but secure job to fulfill their real ambition”
    “ «Немногие откажутся от скучной, но надёжной работы для реализации своих амбиций»
    “The young can learn a lot about life from older people”
    «Молодёжь может поучиться жизни у старших»
    “Some people think if you want to get a good education, you should go abroad.”
    «Некоторые люди думают, если вы хотите получить хорошее образование, поезжайте за границу».
    “Electronic books are becoming a threat to the printed ones”
    «Электронные книги становятся угрозой печатным книгам»
    “Technology – is it a good or a bad thing?”
    «Технология-это хорошо или плохо?»
    “When you are good to others, you are best to yourself”
    «Когда ты хорошо относишься к другим, ты уважаешь себя»
    “Young people look as though they are wearing a uniform , they are all so similarly dressed”
    «Молодёжь выглядит так, как будто они все одеты в униформу, они все одинаково одеты»
    “Schools are responsible for pupils` career success.”
    «Школы ответственны за карьерный успех своих учеников»
    “Being stuck in traffic jams for much of the journey makes us think of possible developments in our city”
    «Находясь в пробках большую часть поездки заставляет нас задуматься о возможных изменениях в нашем городе»
    “Sharing an activity is a wonderful way to make friends”
    «Делать что-то вместе является прекрасным способом подружиться»
    “How to be a friend of the Earth“
    «Как быть другом Земли»
    “Some people think that extreme sports help to build character”
    «Некоторые люди думают, что экстремальный спорт помогает сформировать характер»
    “People believe that teenagers lead sad virtual lives , they say it may cause problems”
    «Люди думают, что подростки ведут печальную виртуальную жизнь, они говорят, что это может привести к проблемам»
    “Why should we be spending money exploring space when there are so many problems here on Earth that we need to solve first?”
    «Для чего тратить деньги на исследование космоса, когда так много проблем на земле?»
    “Your health is in your own hands”
    «Твоё здоровье в твоих руках»
    “In the Internet age, many office-bound jobs seem senseless.”
    «В век Интернета многие виды деятельности, привязанные к офису, кажутся бессмысленными»
    “Some people think that pupils should be involved in decisions about their school and should have a say in how things are run. Other people think that pupils are too young to take part in such important decisions”
    “Некоторые люди считают, что ученики должны быть вовлечены в принятие решений по своей школы. Другие думают, что ученики слишком молодые, чтобы принимать участие в таких важных решениях”
    “Many people enjoy watching television. However, some people believe it can be harmful.”
    “Многие получают удовольствие от телевизора. Однако некоторые люди верят, что это может навредить”
    “Fast food is very popular and saves time for busy working people. However, many experts say that it is not completely healthy.”
    “Быстрое питание очень популярно и оно экономит время занятым людям. Однако многие эксперты говорят, что оно не совсем полезно”
    “Animals without owners have the right to live in cities, other people believe that they should be even put down.”
    “Животные, у которых нет хозяина, имеют право жить в городе, Другие люди уверены, что их надо умертвлять”
    “Some scientists perform experiments on animals. However, some people say that this is cruel and unnecessary.”
    “Некоторые учёные проводят эксперименты на животных. Однако, некоторые люди говорят, что это жестоко и в этом нет необходимости”
    “Many countries have national service, where young adults join the army for a certain period of time after leaving school. Some countries, however, have recently stopped national service.”
    “Многие страны имеют национальную службу, где молодые люди идут в армию после школы. Некоторые страны, однако, отказались от этого недавно”
    “School trips –are they educational or a waste of time? Should school trips be encouraged?”
    “Школьные поездки – они образовательные или трата времени? Следует ли их поощрять?”
    “Taking part in afterschool activities allows pupils to be creative and teachers them many skills. Others disagree and say that it is of no importance for them at all”. Is that really so?”
    “Участие в мероприятиях школы позволяет ученикам стать креативными и прививает им много навыков. Другие не согласны с этим и говорят, что это не имеет никакого значения. Это действительно так?”
    Критерии оценивания выполнения задания С2

  10. №12 Television
    The mass media play an important role in people’s life. Radio, Press, Television and the Internet inform, educate and entertain us. Old people and drivers prefer listening to the radio, our parents read newspapers and magazines, teenagers enjoy using the Net and we all like watching TV in the evenings.
    Nowadays there are different TV programmes you can choose: news, cartoons, documentaries, talk shows, sports programmes, music concerts, feature films and comedies. TV caters for any age and taste. Everybody can find something interesting and useful on TV.
    No doubt, TV has got its advantages and disadvantages. The pluses of TV are: -it informs people and bring real scenes of life; -it helps to relax; -it entertains people; -it gives information about the world, its people and global news. Minuses of TV include: -it takes a lot of time; -it makes us lazy; -it is very harmful for our eyes; -it shows a lot of violence and cruelty nowadays. By the way there is a lot of advertisement on TV too and many people hate it.
    Of course, watching TV is a wonderful pastime, but a lot of people become TV-addicted . Modern teenagers spend hours in front of the box and watches everything that is on. To my mind, we shouldn’t watch TV too long. We must try to choose only useful TV programmes.
    №8     Michail Vasilyevich Lomonosov
    M.V.Lomonosov is one of the greatest scientists in Russia. He was born in 1711 in a village of Denisovka near Arkhangelsk. Lomonosov learnt to read and write through church books: Smirnitski’s Grammar and Magnitski’s Arithmetic are among them. In 1730 Lomonosov walked to Moscow and entered the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. He was a bright student there and was sent to Germany to continue his education. After nine years of studying chemistry, maths, philosophy, physics, foreign languages he returned to Russia and became a professor. He became the greatest Russian scientist of that time. Lomonosov was a chemist, an astronomer, a geographer, a physicist, a historian, a painter and a poet. He was interested in humanities very much and made a lot for the development of the Russian literary language. By the way, V.G.Belinsky wrote: “Our literature begins with Lomonosov”. In 1755 Lomonosov founded the first Russian university in Moscow, he also was the first in Russia who made a telescope. M.V.Lomonosov died in 1765, but till nowadays the Russians remember and are proud of him and his achievements in science.
    №16  Science and Technology
    Nobody will argue that scientific and technological achievements have greatly changed people’s life.
    What is science? What is technology? Science studies the physical world, trying to answer “what and why” questions. Scientists try to give explanations. Technology often asks “how” questions and answers them. Technology is the use of science for practical purposes especially in industry.
    Today, science and technology are closely connected. On the one hand, many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science. And on the other hand, technology provides science with new instruments for its investigation and research.
    The history of technology can be divided into several periods. They are: The Old Stone Age, The New Stone Age, The Bronze Age, The Iron Age, The Middle Ages, the period of Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution. A lot of tools and devices are still invented and improve people’s lives.
    Nowadays we can’t imagine our life without TV sets, mobile phones, washing machines, cars, computers, microwaves and so on. Many people are proud of such scientists, inventors and discoverers as Ivan Pavlov, Dmitry Mendeleev, Alexander Popov, Galileo, Alexander Bell, Alexander Fleming, Albert Einstein. Their ideas really made our lives easier and better, they gave a rise to new great achievements in future.
    Biology, medicine, linguistics, geography, astronomy, car making, shipbuilding, economics, photography, optics, chemistry, electronics, thanks to these sciences and technologies our world develops and prospers.
    №4 Press
    When we say “press” we mean newspapers & magazines.
    There are various reasons why people buy periodicals: for horoscopes, to see what’s on TV, for sports reports, for the news & many other reasons. Whatever your interest, there is a magazine or a newspaper about it. There are periodicals for professionals, businessmen, children, teenagers, men & women, for sports fans, for those, who are fond of gardening, cookery and many other different things. You can always find a newspaper which meets your taste. By the way, there are periodicals with advertisement only and many people buy and read them.
    There are two main kinds of newspapers: quality & popular papers. Quality papers are very thick, they publish articles on many serious subjects: Politics, Culture, Business … They give national & international news. Popular papers or tabloids publish sensational  news, readers’ letters, a lot of photographs, cartoons & drawings, they write about private lives of famous people.
    The most popular foreign newspapers are: “The Times”, “The Daily Telegraph”, “The Independent” & “The Daily Mail” in the UK; among popular Russian press are: “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, “Argumenty I Facty”, “Izvestiya”, “Trud”, “Nauka I Zhizn”, “Cosmopolitan’.
    Nowadays you can buy press everywhere, you can bring it in the library too. Many people prefer  subscribing to some magazines & newspapers. Besides there are many free local newspapers which are put into your letter boxes.
    As far as I know, in the past a lot of people learnt about the news from the periodicals, but nowadays we get information from TV programmes or from the Internet. But still we can’t imagine our life without the printed page: magazines, newspapers, books.
    №18  Being a teenager
    The age between 14 and 17 is considered to be one of the best periods in people’s life. Being young means romance, love, new discoveries & so on. But it is also the most difficult time because you have to make some very important decisions, which will influence your future life.
    All grown-ups have got different problems, but teenage problems are special. Nowadays teens have to face various problems in modern society. Let’s mention the most important.
    One of the worst teenage problems is schooling. A lot of homework, exams, lessons, tests is the reason of pupils’ strange and even aggressive behaviour. They have conflicts with teachers, parents and even their classmates and friends.
    Drinking, smoking and taking drugs are common teens problems too. Young people become addicted to drugs, cigarettes, alcohol and commit different crimes.
    Some teens have bad habits because of problems in private life. It’s very difficult to find a boyfriend or girlfriend and get on well with them. It’s also difficult to make friends.
    Another typical problem for many teenagers is problem with their parents, so called “generation gap”. Very often there is misunderstanding between the old and the young, and as the result lots of quarrels in the family.
    Household chores, loneliness, lack of free time, shortage of pocket money, teen pregnancies, runaways from home… As you see, being a teenager is rather difficult, but this period of time also has got many bright and positive sides & some wonderful things can happen only when you’re young.

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