Сочинение по английскому языку на тему environmental problems
17 вариантов
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
The problem of ecology is very important today, because we live
in a polluted world. People all over the world discuss
environmental protection, but they still continue to pollute
air, water and soil.
Plants and factories are being built near rivers and lakes. The
water is full of industrial waste and this kills animals,
insects and plants.
There are some organizations that were created to protect our
nature from pollution. The most famous organization is
Greenpeace. It protects animals from dying out. There are
special farms and organizations that help wild animals to
survive. People who work in such places feed animals and cure
them.
There are several types of pollution: air pollution, water
pollution and soil pollution.
Air pollution is caused by different means of transport in big
cities. Our cities are full of smog because of heavy traffic and
people notice that it is hard to breathe there. Cars, buses and
planes are among the worst air polluters. Factories and plants
also pollute air pouring harmful gases and smoke into the air
and that causes lung diseases among people and does harm to our
health. Acid rains that appear because of air pollution damage
forests and soil.
Water pollution is another dangerous kind of pollution.
Factories and plants throw wastes into rivers and lakes making
them dirty. Animals die when they drink this water, people get
sick when they swim in it and eat fish that live there.
Soil pollution stops plants from growing and makes people sick
when they eat fruit and vegetables grown on polluted soil.
People also pollute soil by leaving litter on it. Forests are
full of used bottles, wrappers and cans. Such litter can be
found in rivers and lakes, too. Wild animals get sick and die
because of this.
Every day we throw away a lot of litter. However, we can use it
again, for example paper, cloth, glass, plastic, etc. Everybody
must know the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. We can
reduce the usage of water and electricity. We should reuse
whatever we can, for example, plastic bags, paper, cans, glass
and bottles.
It is not possible to stop technological process, close
factories and plants. People need to invent new waste free
technologies that will not do harm to nature. There are new
inventions such as filters that make water and air clean. Some
factories and plants have started using these machines already
and this helps to prevent pollution. Special kinds of gasoline
for cars can help to reduce air pollution.
We must not ignore the problems of environmental pollution and
try to make everything possible to reduce if not stop it. Vocabulary:
acid rain [‘aesid^ein] кислотный дождь
appear [э’рю] появляться
breathe [bri:6] дышать
create [kn’eit] создавать
cure [kjua] лечить
die out [‘dai,aut] вымирать
do harm [ha:m] наносить вред
environmental [mlvai3r(3)n’mentl- охрана окружающей
protection pr3’tekf(3)n] среды
gasoline [‘gaesaulm] бензин
get sick [get’sik] заболевать
harmful gases [‘ha:mM’g?esiz] вредные газы
heavy traffic [‘hevi’traefik] интенсивное движение
industrial waste [in’dAstnal’weist] промышленные отходы
insect [‘insakt] насекомое
invent [m’vent] изобретать
litter [hta] мусор
lung disease [‘krjdi’zi:z] болезнь легких
pollute [pa’lut] загрязнять
pollution [рэ’1и:/(э)п] загрязнение
pour [po:] зд. выбрасывать
prevent [pn’vent] предупреждать
recycle [n’saikl] снова использовать
reduce [n’dju:s] уменьшать
reuse [n’ju:z] повторно использовать
smog [smt>g] смог, густой дым
survive [sa’varv] выживать
usage [ju:sid3] использование
wrapper [‘гагрэ] обертка Questions:
1. Why is the problem of ecology important today?
2. What are the types of pollution? What can you say about each
of them?
3. Do you reduce, reuse and recycle litter? Why (not)?
4. What should people do to prevent pollution?
Our world is huge and beautiful. People admire to see mountains, parks, seas, waterfalls and say that nature made our planet so unique. At the same time we want to develop and change, build new factories, invent new things and so on. Many of these inventions hurt our planet so much, that it has been suffering already for a long time.
Environment problems exist long time, but every year they become more serious and dangerous. Air and water pollution, global warming, deforestation, climate change and many others. Our planet faces all these concerns every day.
I saw many times how different situation is in a big city and in countryside. Pure air, fresh vegetables and fruit, forest is close – it’s always so good and healthy here. The other thing are industrial cities. So hard to breath, most products are with chemicals, – all these factors are so dangerous for our health.
The worst thing is that all these problems have come out because of human activity. We think only about better business, developing industry, building new houses and cars, inventing new formula and medicine. Unfortunately, the consequences are so bad and dangerous for nature. And because we depend on nature, they are so bad for us. And everything is dependent. No air or water- no plants, no plants- there are no animals, and people will start to suffer.
Once I heard: if one day bees disappear, our planet will exist only few more years.
Загрязнение окружающей среды
Наш мир огромный и красивый. Люди восхищаются глядя на горы, парки, моря, водопады и говорят, что природа смогла создать все это таким уникальным. В то же самое время мы хотим развиваться и меняться, строить новые заводы, изобретать новые вещи и так далее. Многое из этих изобретений ранит нашу планету, а природа страдает уже долгое время.
Проблемы окружающей среды существуют уже давно и с каждым годом они становятся серьезнее и опаснее. Загрязнение воздуха и воды, глобальное потепление, вырубка лесов, изменения климата и многие другие факторы. Наша планета сталкивается со всеми этими проблемами каждый день.
Я видела много раз, как отличается ситуация в большом городе и жизнь в деревне. Чистый воздух, свежие фрукты и овощи, лес рядом, – тут всегда так свежо и хорошо. Совсем другое дело – промышленные города. Тут трудно дышать, большинство продуктов «напичканы» химией- все эти факторы опасны для нашего здоровья.
Хуже всего то, что эти проблемы – результат человеческой активности. Мы думаем об улучшении бизнеса, развивая промышленность, строя новые здания и автомобили, изобретая новые формулы и лекарства. К сожалению, последствия нашей деятельности опасны для природы. А мы зависим от неё полностью, значит, последствия опасны и для нас. Все взаимозависимо. Нет свежего воздуха и воды- нет растений, нет растений- нет животных, а там и люди начнут страдать.
Однажды я услышала: если пчёлы исчезнут, наша планета просуществует всего несколько лет без них.
Environmental Problems
Some people
say that we should invest money in ecology projects, while
others believe that nature is doing well by itself. The earth is the only planet that people can live on, but
nowadays they seem to be doing everything to make their home
unfit for living. Industrialization has brought us into conflict
with the natural environment. Our pl^get is in danger; air,
water and land pollution have disastrous consequences which
threaten human life on Earth.
I strongly feel that the more money is invested in ecology
projects, the better our lives are going to be. People have
technologies to make our planet cleaner: we can control
pollution, recycle waste materials, protect rare animals and
plants and install antipollution equipment. We need more
disaster-prevention programs in order to control environmental
pollution, fight the destruction of wildlife and preserve
woodlands. There should be more organizations like Greenpeace
that will help protect the animal world and stop environmental
degradation. Such organizations influence public opinion and
help form a correct attitude to nature. There should be more
newspaper articles, TV-programs and science-popular films about
ecological problems. They help people become
environment-educated.
However, many people still believe that nature is doing well by
itself. They use natural resources and pollute the environment,
but they don’t think how awful the consequences may be. I’m sure
that nature can’t do without our help. If we want to breathe
fresh air, to drink clean water and to eat healthy food, we must
stop polluting the environment.
To conclude, ecological problems concern everybody and there are
ways to solve them. People must always remember that the earth
is our home and it depends on us what it will be like. Many people
think that they can’t solve the world’s environmental problems
on their own and that the government and big companies must care
about these problems. However, others say that individuals can
do much to help the environment. Our planet is in danger: air, water and land pollution have
disastrous consequences which threaten human life on Earth. Most
people are convinced that something must be done to stop
pollution, but they don’t know if they can help.
In my opinion, much can be done by an average citizen. People
have to be smart about such things as driving a car or using
electricity. Whenever we drive a car, we are adding greenhouse
gases to the atmosphere. To make our planet cleaner and to use
less energy we can try carpooling. That is when three people
ride together in one car instead of driving three cars to work.
We can also use public transport, ride a bike, or walk. People
can save electricity by turning off lights, our TV-set and
computer. We can use less washing up liquids to keep the water
clean. We can also plant trees, collect litter and recycle cans,
bottles, plastic bags and newspapers. Besides, we can buy
products that don’t use much energy.
But a lot of people still think that there is little they can do
to help the environment. They are sure that it is the duty of
the government and big companies to make our planet cleaner: to
recycle waste materials, to protect rare animals and plants, to
install antipollution equipment and so on. But they are wrong.
Everybody must take part in reducing pollution.
To conclude, if we want to be healthy, to drink clean water and
to breathe fresh air, we should take care of the environment and
help improve our lives on Earth. There is a lot
of discussion about the destruction of rain forests. Some people
don’t care about this problem, while others feel that the rain
forest must be preserved. Nowadays rainforests occupy a relatively small area. One can
find them in South America and Indonesia, in Thailand and Sri
Lanka. Worryingly, rainforests are disappearing at an alarming
rate owing to deforestation, river pollution and soil erosion.
Quite a lot of people still don’t know what effect the
destruction of the rainforest may have on the world climate.
To my mind, tropical rainforests are very important for our
planet because they are home to a great variety of plants,
insects, birds and animals. Tropical rainforests are called the
“world’s largest pharmacy” because a lot of natural medicines
have been discovered there. More than half of the world’s
species of plants and animals are found in rainforests. They
also offer a way of life to many people living in and around the
forest. What is more, rainforests are the lungs of our planet
because they produce a significant amount of the world’s oxygen.
Unfortunately, rainforests continue disappearing. Some people
say that we need more land for agriculture and more trees for
timber. They continue killing animals and picking up herbs and
rare flowers. Rainforests also have value as tourism
destinations. But the increasing number of tourists may damage
the local environment. I strongly feel that people must be
careful with nature.
To conclude, if people want to be healthy and to live happily on
Earth, they must preserve rainforests. I think that governments
must work together with environmentalists to fight deforestation
and to prevent the disappearance of “the lungs of our planet”. Everybody
understands that we should recycle our waste. However, most
people continue disposing of it in the usual way. Recycling is an important issue nowadays. Unfortunately,
people have always polluted their surroundings. The development
of big industrial cities has led to the concentration of huge
amounts of waste into small areas. Disposal of waste has become
a major problem. When rubbish is burnt, this pollutes the
atmosphere. When it is buried in landfill sites, it can cause
pollution of water supplies. So the obvious solution of this
problem is recycling.
I strongly feel that everybody can help recycle waste by
collecting litter and by sorting rubbish into different
categories. Paper, glass and plastic can be sold to recycling
companies. Recycled waste can be made into new products and it
can help save natural resources. Some waste can also be used to
produce electricity or to make soil for growing fruit and
vegetables. In my opinion, it would be great if recycling
centres paid people for the rubbish they brought in.
But in spite of all the advantages of recycling, there is still
a lot of waste everywhere. Many people don’t want to sort their
rubbish. Some areas still have plenty of landfill space and no
recycling centres. They find it rather expensive to transport
materials for recycling to big cities. To my mind, there must be
more recycling centres not only in big cities, but in small
towns as well. Besides, people should be educated about the
importance of recycling.
In general, recycling is good for the environment. What is more,
it is an interesting and profitable business. If everybody made
a small effort to improve their local environment, pollution
would be reduced gradually and the global situation would
improve.
Из учебного пособия
“Открывая
мир с английским языком. 150 эссе для ЕГЭ. Готовимся к ЕГЭ” Юнёва С.А. 2011г.
ЭССЕ (СОЧИНЕНИЕ)
Industrial development plays a large role in prosperity of any country. I doubt whether the country could do without leading industries, such as: heavy and light industry, power engineering, extractive industry, heavy engineering, chemical industry, etc. Very often the welfare of the whole city depends on stability and efficiency of one factory.
But such an intense development adversely affects the environment. For instance, oil production is one of the most important industries all over the world. Nowadays, it is difficult to imagine our life without oil. But its extraction results in terrible problems: ground depression in places of oil extraction, its pouring out into the great oceans. Air photography shows that one third of sea surface is covered with an oil slick causing mass destruction of sea fauna and birds.
In addition to oil production, chemical industry is another destructive factor. Chemical factories pollute air, water and soil. Tons of poisonous gases like carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, hydrocarbon are emitted every day.
No doubt mankind can’t help making industrial progress. But we should begin to think about prevention of disastrous damage our industrial flourishing does to our fragile nature. Factories should constantly improve their cleaning machinery to lessen toxicity of their emissions.
Our planet Earth is only a tiny part of the universe, and it is so far the only place where human beings can live.
We always polluted our surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a huge problem. People lived in the countryside and couldn’t produce such amount of pollution that would lead to a dangerous situation on a global scale.
With the development of industrial cities, which create huge amounts of pollutants, the problem has become real. Nowadays our planet is in serious danger. Global warming, acid rains, air and water pollution, overpopulation are the problems that threaten human lives on the Earth.
Every year world industry pollutes the air that we breathe with. A great number of cities suffer from smog. Rainforests are cut down. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result, some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants are extinct. A lot of seas, rivers and lakes are filled with poison like industrial and nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crisis.
People should consider their attitude to the environment. Some progress has already been made in this direction. Numerous conferences have been held by a lot of agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass and Chernobyl. Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
What can we do to save our planet? First of all, people should switch to alternative forms of power, such as solar power or wind power. Secondly, the use of atomic power must be banned. Thirdly, we need to recycle. It’s the art of turning waste into new products. It would be a good idea if people started riding bicycles instead of driving cars. We are obliged to protect nature. If everybody cares, it will make a difference.
The poisoning of the world’s land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history’s greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.
Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect.
The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.
Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.
Air pollution is a very serious problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening- equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union.
Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substunces. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.An even greater environmental threat are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are.
People are beginning to realise that environmental problems are not somebody else’s. They join and support various international organosation and green parties. If governments wake up to what is happening- perhaps we’ll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it.
Environmental pollution
Загрязнение окружающей среды
The mankind has achieved high results in technologies. However it has some disadvantages. First of all, it is the environmental pollution. There are many types of pollution. It may be air pollution, light pollution, littering, noise pollution, water pollution and so on.
Человечество достигло высоких результатов в области технологий. Однако здесь есть свои недостатки. Прежде всего, это загрязнение окружающей среды. Есть много видов загрязнения. Это может быть загрязнение воздуха, световое загрязнение, засорение, шумовое загрязнение, загрязнение воды и так далее.
Air pollution is a big problem. It is the release of chemicals into the atmosphere. It has a negative effect not only on the lungs but on the whole body. It may be the cause of cancer and many other dangerous diseases. Also it is one of the causes of the global warming.
Загрязнение воздуха является большой проблемой. Это выброс химических веществ в атмосферу. Это оказывает негативное влияние не только на легкие, но на весь организм в целом. Это может быть причиной рака и многих других опасных заболеваний. И также это одна из причин глобального потепления.
A human cannot live without water. So water pollution is very dangerous for people. Besides it is very dangerous for fish and animals. There are a lot of cases when, for example, whales eat rubbish and die. Also water condition changes.
Человек не может жить без воды. Поэтому загрязнение воды очень опасно для людей. К тому же это очень опасно для рыб и животных. Известно много случаев, когда, например, киты едят мусор и погибают. Также меняется состояние воды.
Air or water pollution is a global problem while, for example, light pollution may be the local one. Just imagine: a shopping centre is built near your house. You want to sleep but you cannot do that because bright light comes through the window. This bright light comes from that shopping centre, its street lamps and so on. Noise pollution is the same thing. If you live near the road, the roaring sounds of automobiles can annoy you.
Загрязнение воды или воздуха является глобальной проблемой, в то время как, например, световое загрязнение может носить локальный характер. Только представьте: торговый центр построен рядом с вашим домом. Вы хотите уснуть, но вы не можете сделать это, потому что яркий свет проникает через окно. Этот яркий свет исходит от торгового центра, его уличных фонарей и так далее. Шумовое загрязнение является похожим явлением. Если вы живете рядом с дорогой, ревущие звуки автомобилей могут раздражать вас.
In my opinion, people must care about the environment. We must keep our planet from pollution. Fortunately, there are many ecological organizations which do their best to minimize environmental pollution.
На мой взгляд, люди должны заботиться об окружающей среде. Мы должны охранять нашу планету от загрязнения. К счастью, существует много экологических организаций, которые делают все возможное, чтобы свести к минимуму загрязнение окружающей среды.
Окружающая нас среда постоянно меняется. Мы не можем отрицать этот факт. Технологический прогресс оказывает не самое благоприятное влияние на окружающую среду.
Сегодня человечество сталкивается со множеством экологических проблем. Если вовремя не обратить на них внимания, мы рискуем столкнуться с гораздо более серьезными бедствиями в будущем.
Загрязнение
Загрязнение – одна из самых больших проблем. Заводы и автомобили являются самыми злостными загрязняющими факторами. Разливы нефти и кислотные дожди загрязняют Мировой океан.
Глобальное потепление
Глобальное потепление – результат деятельности человека. Оно характеризуется повышением температуры океанов и поверхности земли, что приводит к повышению уровня воды и таянию ледникового покрова. Кроме того, наводнения, опустынивание и чрезмерное выпадение снега, также являются признаками глобального потепления.
Климатические изменения
Глобальное потепление влечет за собой другую серьезную проблему – изменение климата. Изменение климата может стать причиной появления других вредных влияний на нашу жизнь, в том числе появления новых болезней и изменения погодных условий.
Вырубка лесов
На сегодняшний день 30% поверхности земли покрыто лесами. С каждым годом их становится все меньше. Человек вырубает леса, освобождая площадь под строительство новых домов, заводов и предприятий. Мы должны задуматься о том, что вырубка лесов приводит к вымиранию животных и исчезновению растений.
Истощение озонового слоя
Озоновый слой защищает нашу планету от вредных солнечных лучей. Вследствие выброса в атмосферу так называемых фреонов, озоновый слой истончается. Из-за этого в озоновом слое появляются дыры.
В настоящее время, фреоны практически не используются в производстве. Однако стоит помнить, что если эта проблема не будет взята под контроль, вредные солнечные лучи смогут беспрепятственно проникать в атмосферу. Крупнейшая озоновая дыра находится над Антарктидой.
Air pollution is one of the most urgent environmental problems.
Hazardous atmospheric emissions have increased with the development of industry and transport. Air in big cities is a lot more polluted than air in the countryside.
In 1997 many countries signed the Kyoto Protocol in an effort to fight air pollution. Water pollution is another serious problem. Plants and factories release harmful substances not only into the air but into the natural reservoirs, too.
As a result of that, animals and plants lose their habitat, and people suffer from the shortage of high-quality drinking water. Global warming is the result of human activity. The industrial development causes the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere. That means that air on our planet is getting hotter.
This results in such consequences as raising of water level in the World ocean and changes in agricultural productivity.
Lately, animal world and plant kingdom of our planet have been at serious risk as human activity endangers their serene existence.
Ecosystems play an important role and preserving biodiversity is vital for our planet. Extermination of animals and carelessness towards plants must be prevented.
It is well known that our planet is overpopulated. This depletes natural resources. Some countries already suffer from scarcity of water, food and fuel.
Our mission is to act towards natural resources with care and use them efficiently. Загрязнение атмосферы является одной из наиболее насущных проблем окружающей среды.
С развитием промышленности и транспорта увеличились выбросы вредных веществ в атмосферу. В больших городах воздух намного грязнее, чем в сельской местности.
В целях борьбы с загрязнением атмосферы многими странами в 1997 году был подписан Киотский протокол. Загрязнение воды – еще одна серьезная проблема. Заводы и фабрики выбрасывают вредные вещества не только в атмосферу, но и в природные водоемы.
В результате животные и растения лишаются среды обитания, а люди страдают от нехватки качественной пресной воды. Глобальное потепление является результатом деятельности человека. Развитие промышленности приводит к выбросу вредных веществ в атмосферу. Это значит, что воздух на нашей планете нагревается.
Это приводит к таким последствиям, как повышение уровня воды Мирового океана и изменение в производительности сельского хозяйства.
В последнее время животный и растительный мир нашей планеты находятся в серьезной опасности, так как деятельность человека угрожает их спокойному существованию.
Экосистемы играют важную роль, и сохранение биоразнообразия чрезвычайно важно для нашей планеты. Необходимо предотвратить истребление животных и беззаботное отношение к растениям.
Известно, что наша планета сильно перенаселена. Это приводит к истощению природных ресурсов. В некоторых странах остро ощущается нехватка воды, питания и топлива.
Наша задача – бережно относиться к природным ресурсам и рационально их использовать.
Our planet Earth is only a tiny part of the universe, but nowadays it’s the only place where we can live. People have lived on our planet for many years. They lived and live on different continents, in different countries. People depend on their planet, the sun, animals and plants around them. Environment is everything in the world around us that surround and affects all life on earth, including the air, food, water, plants, animals and other.
Environment is the place where we live. Since ancient time nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But man’s interference in nature began to increase with the development of civilization. Our ecology becomes worse and worse with every new day. Many species of animals and birds are disappearing nowadays. People destruct wildlife, cut down trees to make furniture. They forget that people can’t live without trees and plants, because they fill air with oxygen.
There are a lot of ecological problems. The most serious ecological problems are: noise from cars and buses; destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty; shortage of natural resources; the growth of population; pollution in its many forms. Water is everywhere, but there is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. People can’t drink this water. So we have to clean the water environment. Another problem is air pollution. Air pollution influents the health of people. For example: ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution. Also we have problem with nuclear pollution. Nuclear pollution cannot be seen but its effect can be terrible. To make air clear clean again we need good filters at nuclear power stations, at factories, in cars and buses.
Another problem is growth of population. They don’t have enough places to live. They need more water, more food. So it is the reason of the shortage of the natural resources. It is very difficult to solve this problem. Also one of the most serious problems is greenhouse effect. It works like this: sunlight gives us heat. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere and some of the heat goes back into space. Nowadays the heat can’t go into space. That’s why winter and summer temperatures in many places have become higher. If the temperature continues growing up the snow on the mountains and ice will melt, so the most of the earth will be under water. So every person has to understand how important it is to solve these problems, which endanger people’s life.
The eldest daughter of former U.S. President, Barack Obama Malia stood in the protection of Nature.
Humans are destroying Nature, knowing that every step could lead to a global catastrophe and blatantly destroy Nature. Please save Earth and Arctic. Long live mother Earth — Mom I live for you. An ardent conservationist Nazar Pervobytnyi, for conservation Earth. Peace and Friendship are the most important to us. Protect Nature from humanity. stop the production of oil, gas, salt and so on. Arctic unique, live there polar bears, walruses, narwhals and other amazing animals. Tears and pain nivchem innocent — all living things in the world, it is impossible to live on, otherwise all life will perish from human activities. Mother — Earth, our home, our common home — the planet where
the world we live in. Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, creeks,
springs, forests, meadows, flora and fauna adorn the Planet. World to save natur: Help save mother Earth. The effects of extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. On the face: the climate changed for the worse, shallowed and dried up rivers and lakes in different parts of the world, the melting of icebergs and the Arctic ocean, earthquakes, hurricanes, acid rain, and snow disfigured and poisoned the land, air and water, various diseases. All living things in the world breathe polluted air, drink the same poisoned water. We are all sick suffer and die painfully slow. Rid of all misery and destruction, for this we need the entire world once and for all to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. Life in the world is one, it is mother Earth that created us and other animals and plants. And we all the world should live according to the laws of mother nature, so we can get rid of all disease, suffering, and destruction. From mining salt, coal, ore, oil gas and so on: the Glaciers are melting and climate is changing at a rapid pace. We must preserve from environmental disasters. Environmental pollution and the worst environmental disasters in the world are caused by man. We are a child of Nature and we depend on mother Earth, it is better to start taking care of mother Nature. I think you, like me, you live for the sake of peace and for the salvation of mother Earth. I ask you, spread, please, my appeal, which is expressed with a heavy heart and with tears in eyes, because through the fault of mankind crumbling Earth and all living things die around the world. I appeal to all mankind, to the whole world to stop and imagine the scene that floods or drought. Then all will end, so it is urgent to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas, and more. Man destroys all living things in the world: Urbanization and industrialization are dangerous to all living things in the world. Chemical hazardous substances deadly to all living things in the world. World production of oil, gas, coal, salt and so on are dangerous for the environment. There are serious problems of environmental pollution in all countries of the world, this occurs when cities, factories, transportation, sanitation, landfill and so on, pollute the air, water and land. Harmful substances are mixed, and the mixture is distributed worldwide in the wind and fall back to earth. Coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Global industrialization and urbanization has led to global climate change for the worst in the world. To recover and permanently terminate mining of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. So we can prevent global environmental catastrophe. Between us and other animals plants, there is no difference — we are all children of the Earth and we are all one family. We all the world should live according to the laws of mother Nature and save mother Earth from ecological disaster. Pollution (Land, Air and Water Pollution) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP3pbh_-pu8&sns= tw Exxon Valdez oil spill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtF-4JvSh8o&sns= tw. Nature can to get rid of all ills, misfortune and razrusheny: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUwnn99YOC0&sns= tw. Profit Pollution and Deception BP and the Oil Spill BBC Documentary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zGFvzMMO9w&sns= tw. Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs & Pepper Spray http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuZcx2zEo4k&sns= tw. Environmental problems of the Earth! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pe-KV6J-uE&sns= fb Pepper Spray http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuZcx2zEo4k
Text 1. Help Wild Animals
I think it is necessary to help wild animals. Many of them are in danger now. For example, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which live in the Arctic.
White bears eat fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals die.
All woods are home to animals and birds. It is important to take care of them. If trees are damaged and flowers and grass are cut, birds and animals can become instinct.
Each of us can do something to help nature. We must not frighten animals and birds. We must never break plants or baby trees.
There are a lot of ways to help our planet. We must take care of it.
* * *
Text 2. Climatic Changes
Climate is a weather a certain place has over a long period of time. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.
But recently the climate has changed a lot, especially in Europe. Scientists think that the reason is greenhouse effect. It is caused by carbon dioxide (углекислый газ). Carbon dioxide is produced when we burn things. Also people and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. As you know, trees take this gas from air and produce oxygen. But in the last few years people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer trees and more carbon dioxide.
This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It lets heat get in, but it doesn’t let much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer. Greenhouse effect is sometimes called global warming.
carbon dioxide — углекислый газ
oxygen — кислород
heat – тепло
to get in — пропускать
to get out — выпускать
* * *
Text 3. Environmental problems
We are the caretakers of the earth. We know that polluted air, water and land are harmful to plants, animals and people. In Russia there a lot of regions which are severely polluted. It is plants that pollute our atmosphere with tons of harmful substances. These are very dangerous wastes. They go into the air and are carried by winds for great distances.
60% of the air pollution is caused by different means of transport: cars, trucks, buses.
Then we must remember that when we use aerosol sprays, we destroy the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.
The list of serious environmental problems can be continued …..
severely polluted сильно загрязнены
harmful substances вредные вещества
* * *
Text 4. Green Peace
Green Peace is an international environmental organization which fights against the pollution of the environment. It was founded in 1969 by a group of Canadian environmentalists. Members of Green Peace appear in the places where the environment is endangered. They always act fast.
The world knows about the Green Peace action to stop hunting whales or killing baby seals. They block the way to the ships that try to dump waste, and work hard to create a nuclear-free world.
The activity of Green Peace often annoys governments, companies and people who don’t care about the future of the world.
Green Peace has offices in many countries, including Russia. People, who can’t take part in Green Peace actions directly support this organization with money.
Green Peace members are often called “greens”. The “greens” are group of people whose aim is protection of natural things, e.g. plants and animals.
* * *
Text 5. Green Fuel
A new low-cost fuel is being developed by a biotechnology company. It is called biobutanol and is expected to be the best environmentally friendly fuel for transport.
Butanol is derived from waste plant material (biomass) and is an attractive replacement for petrol.
It reduces not only CO2 emissions but also our dependence on finite fossil fuels.
The UK’s Minister for Science said: “The development of biofuels is expected to play a major part in reducing transport emissions. Climate change is a huge global problem. We believe the UK must put its best efforts towards developing the new technologies.”
fuel — топливо
biotechnology [?ba??utek’n?l???] – биотехнология
environmentally friendly — экологически чистый
to derive from– получать, извлекать
emission – выделение
to penetrate — завоевывать, проникать
finite – ограниченный, исчерпаемый
fossil – ископаемое
* * *
A Short History of Hair. Топик по английскому
Over thousands of years some very odd things have been done to hair. Here are some of them.
It’s strange to think of tough soldiers having their hair curled, but that’s what the Persians did over 2000 years ago. The curls were made by twisting the hair round hot rods. Their thick beards and moustaches were curled too.
In about 1150, during the Norman period, women grew hair as long as they…
American Climate. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американский климат
The climate of the US is temperate, with four distinct seasons. The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climate zones.
The coldest regions are in the north and northeast, where a lot of snow falls in winter. The climate of Alaska is arctic.
All along the western coast, the temperature changes little between winter and summer months, while in the…
American English. Топик по английскому
American English is one of the ways of speaking English. In the formation of American English the English-speaking colonists were brought into contact with different peoples who spoke different languages. Many words, derived from these languages, were added to the 17th-century form of English.
First in importance come the words derived from the speech of various Indian tribes. This was caused by…
American Food. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американская Еда
When we speak about American food, we always imagine hamburgers and hot dogs, fried chicken and giant steaks. But in fact Americans eat every kind of food imaginable, even spaghetti and pizza. The expression “as American as apple pie” means something that is typically American, but even apple pie came from somewhere else. The only true American foods are those that the…
American Government. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американское правительство
The United States is a representative democracy. All government power rests ultimately with the people who direct policies by voting for government representatives. The nation’s Constitution defines the powers of national and state governments, the functions and framework of each branch of government, and the rights of individual citizens.
The principle of…
American Holidays. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американские праздники
The population in the USA is made up of people of different nationalities. Centuries ago they brought with them their native celebrations. Only some holidays, which are marked in the United States, were originated in America.
One of the greatest holidays is Independence Day. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed. It proclaimed independence of the…
American People. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американский народ
America is a friendly country. People easily start talking with each other. When Americans meet people for the first time, they usually shake hands. When they meet friends or relatives they haven’t seen for a long time, they usually kiss them. You can easily spot Americans abroad by their confident manners which come from their sense of individual freedom — their first…
American Political System. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американская политическая система
After the colonies in America had won the War for Independence, they became free and independent states, but they had a problem: they needed one strong national government. That’s why in the year 1787 all the states sent their representatives to Philadelphia where they wrote the Constitution. The Constitution is the highest law in the United States which…
American Shopping Habits. Топик по английскому
Shopping is the favorite pastime of many Americans. They usually go to big shopping centers called malls that have a variety of boutiques, department stores and restaurants. Chain stores like J.C. Penney or The Gap are also found in malls.
Everything is indoors, so you can walk from store to store without worrying about traffic or bad weather. Malls are air- conditioned in the summer and heated in…
American System of Education. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американская система образования
Americans have always believed in education but in a special American way. The schools’ first job was to turn millions of foreign children into Americans. Since they came from dozens of different countries, this was not easy. Schools had to teach the children to speak English, to love their new country and to learn how to live in it. American schools were…
I think that Russia is one of the dirtiest countries in the world. In Russia almost every family has a car. And fumes of cars are very dangerous. Our factories, cars, trains and planes make the air dirty, so the atmosphere is polluted.
I believe that one day somebody will invent energy that hasn’t fumes. Or people will use renewable energy, for example solar energy, wind energy or hydro-electric dams. I know that these energies aren’t so powerful, but we can use it sometimes, for example for cookers.
I think that right now we need new energy, because oil and coal are disappearing. All countries will be in the economiccrisis, if we don’t find new energy!
I know that the world is getting hotter because of us! When the sun shines, everything gets hot and the dirt stops the hot air from going up to the sky. Because the hot air has nowhere to go, everything gets hotter.
Our world is warmer than it was one hundred years ago. Hot countries may become drier and the people who live there won’t be able to grow enough food. Ice in cold areas is changing to water because of higher temperatures. When this happens, the sea levels become bigger. Some towns near the sea may have a problem soon.
We can help if we stop making the air dirty but we must do something fast!
In addition, not many people understand that they are polluting environment. They are dropping litter on the streets. In my opinion drop litter or rubbish in the dustbin isn’t hard it’s easy.
I think that there must be group of people who will follow the people whodrop litter in the streets. Finally there must be more bins in the streets. And, of course, don’t cut down trees!!! Grow trees, they clean the air!
I’m sure all is in hands of people. I call up: Protect environment, save nature!
I always drop litter in bins and call up my friends to do the same. Maybe when I grow up somebody will have already invented clean and powerful energy.
SAVE NATURE AND ENVIROMENT!!! Перевод:
Я думаю, что Россия одна из самых загрязненных стран в мире. В России большинство семей имеют машину. В обычной семье часто бывает две или более машин. И выхлопы от машин очень опасны. Наши заводы, машины, поезда и самолеты делают воздух грязным, поэтому атмосфера загрязнена.
Я верю, что кто-нибудь изобретёт энергию, которая не имела бы выхлопов. Или люди использовали бы восстанавливаемую энергию, например солнечную энергию, ветряную энергию или гидро-электро станцию. Я знаю,что эти энергии не такие мощные, но мы можем использовать их для групп вещей, например для плит, использовалась солнечная энергия и т.д.
Я думаю, что прямо сейчас нам нужна новая энергия, потому что нефть и уголь исчезают. Все страны будут в экономическом кризисе, если мы не найдем новую энергию!
Я знаю, что мир становится горячее из-за нас! Когда солнце светит, все становится горячим, и грязь мешает горячему воздуху подойти к небу. Поскольку горячему воздуху некуда идти, все становится горячее.
Наш мир уже становится более теплым, чем это было сто лет назад. Жаркие страны могут стать суше, живущие в них не смогут выращивать достаточное количество продовольствия. Лед в холодных местах сменится на воду, причина в высоких температурах. Когда это произойдет, уровень моря повысится. Некоторые города рядом с морем могут иметь проблему скоро.
Мы можем помочь, если мы прекратим загрязнять воздух, но мы должны делать что-то быстро!
В дополнение, немногие люди понимают, что они загрязняют окружающую среду. Они бросают мусор на улицах. По моему мнению, бросать мусор в урну не трудно – это просто.
Я думаю, что должна быть группа людей, которая наблюдала за людьми, которые бросают мусор на улицах. Наконец, пусть больше урн поставят на улицах. И, конечно, не срубайте деревья!!! Растите деревья, они очищают воздух!
Я уверена – все в руках человека. Я призываю: Защитите окружающую среду, сохраните природу!
Я всегда бросаю мусор в урны и призываю своих друзей делать тоже самое. Возможно, когда я выросту кто-нибудь уже изобретёт чистую и мощную энергию.
СОХРАНИТЕ ПРИРОДУ И ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ!!!
Слепченко Анжелика
The Problem of Environmental Protection
Environmental
protection is the main problem facing humanity nowadays. The
image of a sick planet has become firmly established in the
public mind lately.
Ten years ago the
word ‘ecology’ hardly meant anything for the majority of people,
but today we can’t help bearing it in our minds. It has happened
because of the growing effect of the rapid industrial
development of the natural world which has negative features of
its own. As a matter of fact the state of environment has
greatly worsened of late.
There is no doubt
that soil, water and air are contaminated with toxic wastes.
Over the past few years we have been constantly speaking about
ozone holes, droughts, high level of radiation, about food
contaminated with chemicals. Scientists in many countries are
very much concerned about drastic changes in weather patterns.
The worst drought, the mildest winter and the most devastating
hurricanes have become typical in those parts of the world where
they used to be a rare occurrence.
Weather patterns
have been changing recently due to the global warming-up process
and its major reason — the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse
effect is created by carbon dioxide emissions, released by
industrial facilities and a constantly increasing number of
cars. Thus it is of vital importance that the world should start
cutting down the release of gases that contribute to the
greenhouse effect. What is the reason for people getting so much
worried about the state of environment? The answer to this
question is fairly simple. The thing is the deterioration of the
environment is telling heavily on people. They are paying for
this with their health. And it is obvious what all people need
is a healthy environment.
To solve this
burning problem it is necessary for people to combine efforts,
to raise safety standards at all industrial facilities, to
adequately process by-products of industry, to set up an
international space laboratory to monitor the state of
environment and set up an international centre for emergency
environmental assistance. All these measures will help us in
solving these important problems and prevent us from dangerous
illnesses and diseases. Проблема защиты окружающей среды
Защита окружающей среды является
одной из важнейших проблем человечества наших дней. Картина
больной, загрязненной Земли все яснее предстает в уме людей в
последнее время.
Десять лет назад слово «экология»
вряд ли что-либо значило для большей части населения однако
сегодня об этом не возможно не думать. Это происходит из-за
растущего воздействия стремительного промышленного прогресса. За
последнее время состояние окружающей среды сильно ухудшилось.
Нет сомнений в том, что почва, вода
и воздух, заражены токсичными отходами. В течение последних пяти
лет мы постоянно говорили об озоновых дырах, засухах, высоком
уровне радиации, еде, зараженной химическими добавками. Ученые
всего мира весьма обеспокоены сильными изменениями климатических
условий. Засухи стали более сильными, зимы — более теплыми, а
ураганы — более разрушительными в тех частях света, где они
раньше были большой редкостью.
В последнее время климатические
условия сильно изменились, вследствие глобального потепления и
его основной причины — парникового эффекта. Парниковый эффект
обусловлен выбросами двуокиси углерода промышленными объектами и
увеличением числа автомобилей. Таким образом, жизненно важной
необходимостью является снижение выбросов газов, способствующих
образованию парникового эффекта. Что является причиной столь
сильного беспокойства об окружающей среде? Ответ на этот вопрос
очень прост. Ухудшение условий окружающей среды сильно влияет на
людей. Они расплачиваются за это своим здоровьем. Очевидно, что
всем необходима здоровая окружающая среда.
Чтобы решить насущную проблему, люди
должны объединить свои усилия. Добиться соблюдения экологических
стандартов на промышленных объектах, правильно перерабатывать
сырье, создать международную космическую лабораторию для
наблюдения за состоянием окружающей среды, а также создать
международный экстренный центр защиты и помощи окружающей среде.
Эти меры помогут нам в решении важных проблем и предотвращении
опасных болезней. Vocabulary:
environmental protection — охрана
(зашита) окружающей среды
humanity — человечество
firmly established — укорениться
hardly — вряд ли, едва ли
majority — большинство
soil — почва
toxic wastes — токсичные отходы
drought — засуха
to contaminate — заражать, инфицировать (в том числе
отравляющими и радиоактивными веществами)
chemicals — химические вещества
to be concerned about — беспокоиться
drastic — радикальный, глубокий; резкий
devastating — опустошительный, разрушительный
to be rare occurrence — происходить редко
the greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект
to create — создавать
carbon dioxide — двуокись углерода
industrial facilities — промышленные предприятия
to be of vital importance — быть необычайно важным
to cut down — сокращать
the release of gases — выброс газов
to contribute to — содействовать, способствовать
fairly —довольно
deterioration —ухудшение
to tell on — сказываться на
to solve — решать
to raise safety standards — поднимать требования к технике
безопасности
to adequately process by-products of industry — хорошо
перерабатывать
промышленные отходы
to monitor — контролировать
an international centre for emergency environment assistance —
международный центр по оказанию срочной экологической помощи
to prevent — защищать, предохранять
Охрана окружающей среды
Экологические проблемы становятся все более и более важным сегодня. Люди во всем мире обсудить охрану окружающей среды, но мы по-прежнему идти на загрязняющих воздух, вода и почва.
Загрязнение воздуха является большой проблемой крупных городов и промышленных районов. Это, как правило, вызваны различными видами транспорта. Автомобили, автобусы и самолеты из худших загрязнителей воздуха. Фабрики и заводы загрязняют наш воздух тоже. В результате, кислотные дожди появляются и повреждение леса и почвы.
Деревья и растения очень важны для нас. Они дают нам кислород, чтобы дышать. В некоторых частях мира, таких как Азия и Южная Америка, деревья вырубаются людьми. Тропические леса уничтожаются для дров и строительных материалов. Как мы теряем тропические леса, это станет труднее дышать. Температура на планете будут расти, и это вызовет глобальное потепление.
Как мы можем решить проблемы загрязнения воздуха? Прежде всего, люди должны попытаться использовать альтернативные источники энергии, такие как солнечные, водой или ветром энергий. Есть способы, чтобы уменьшить загрязнение воздуха, вызванного дорожного движения. Можно построить еще железные дороги и поддерживать общественный транспорт. Еще один способ, чтобы сделать лесозаготовительные компании посадить новые деревья. Если они это сделали, это может спасти тропические леса и дать всем нам чистый воздух, чтобы дышать.
Загрязнение воды так опасно, как загрязнение воздуха. Мы все нуждаемся в воде – не только для наших домов или заводов, но, чтобы выжить. Гуманного начинается дома. Мы можем сохранить воду из наших ванн и использовать его для садов. Правительства могут помочь путем принятия законов, чтобы остановить заводы из истощения и загрязнения водных ресурсов. Если заводы оборотной воды и остановился заливки химических веществ в наших озерах и реках, там будет больше чистой воды вокруг. Правительства могут также остановить воды компаний из тратить миллионы литров воды из-за протекающих труб. Многие города успешно сохранили воду Услуги ремонта труб.
Мы не должны игнорировать проблемы для утилизации загрязнения, и мы должны попытаться сделать все возможное, чтобы остановить или по крайней мере уменьшить его.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
The problem of ecology is very important today, because we live
in a polluted world. People all over the world discuss
environmental protection, but they still continue to pollute
air, water and soil.
Plants and factories are being built near rivers and lakes. The
water is full of industrial waste and this kills animals,
insects and plants.
There are some organizations that were created to protect our
nature from pollution. The most famous organization is
Greenpeace. It protects animals from dying out. There are
special farms and organizations that help wild animals to
survive. People who work in such places feed animals and cure
them.
There are several types of pollution: air pollution, water
pollution and soil pollution.
Air pollution is caused by different means of transport in big
cities. Our cities are full of smog because of heavy traffic and
people notice that it is hard to breathe there. Cars, buses and
planes are among the worst air polluters. Factories and plants
also pollute air pouring harmful gases and smoke into the air
and that causes lung diseases among people and does harm to our
health. Acid rains that appear because of air pollution damage
forests and soil.
Water pollution is another dangerous kind of pollution.
Factories and plants throw wastes into rivers and lakes making
them dirty. Animals die when they drink this water, people get
sick when they swim in it and eat fish that live there.
Soil pollution stops plants from growing and makes people sick
when they eat fruit and vegetables grown on polluted soil.
People also pollute soil by leaving litter on it. Forests are
full of used bottles, wrappers and cans. Such litter can be
found in rivers and lakes, too. Wild animals get sick and die
because of this.
Every day we throw away a lot of litter. However, we can use it
again, for example paper, cloth, glass, plastic, etc. Everybody
must know the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. We can
reduce the usage of water and electricity. We should reuse
whatever we can, for example, plastic bags, paper, cans, glass
and bottles.
It is not possible to stop technological process, close
factories and plants. People need to invent new waste free
technologies that will not do harm to nature. There are new
inventions such as filters that make water and air clean. Some
factories and plants have started using these machines already
and this helps to prevent pollution. Special kinds of gasoline
for cars can help to reduce air pollution.
We must not ignore the problems of environmental pollution and
try to make everything possible to reduce if not stop it.
Vocabulary:
acid rain [‘aesid^ein] кислотный дождь
appear [э’рю] появляться
breathe [bri:6] дышать
create [kn’eit] создавать
cure [kjua] лечить
die out [‘dai,aut] вымирать
do harm [ha:m] наносить вред
environmental [mlvai3r(3)n’mentl- охрана окружающей
protection pr3’tekf(3)n] среды
gasoline [‘gaesaulm] бензин
get sick [get’sik] заболевать
harmful gases [‘ha:mM’g?esiz] вредные газы
heavy traffic [‘hevi’traefik] интенсивное движение
industrial waste [in’dAstnal’weist] промышленные отходы
insect [‘insakt] насекомое
invent [m’vent] изобретать
litter [hta] мусор
lung disease [‘krjdi’zi:z] болезнь легких
pollute [pa’lut] загрязнять
pollution [рэ’1и:/(э)п] загрязнение
pour [po:] зд. выбрасывать
prevent [pn’vent] предупреждать
recycle [n’saikl] снова использовать
reduce [n’dju:s] уменьшать
reuse [n’ju:z] повторно использовать
smog [smt>g] смог, густой дым
survive [sa’varv] выживать
usage [ju:sid3] использование
wrapper [‘гагрэ] обертка
Questions:
1. Why is the problem of ecology important today?
2. What are the types of pollution? What can you say about each
of them?
3. Do you reduce, reuse and recycle litter? Why (not)?
4. What should people do to prevent pollution?
Our world is huge and beautiful. People admire to see mountains, parks, seas, waterfalls and say that nature made our planet so unique. At the same time we want to develop and change, build new factories, invent new things and so on. Many of these inventions hurt our planet so much, that it has been suffering already for a long time.
Environment problems exist long time, but every year they become more serious and dangerous. Air and water pollution, global warming, deforestation, climate change and many others. Our planet faces all these concerns every day.
I saw many times how different situation is in a big city and in countryside. Pure air, fresh vegetables and fruit, forest is close – it’s always so good and healthy here. The other thing are industrial cities. So hard to breath, most products are with chemicals, – all these factors are so dangerous for our health.
The worst thing is that all these problems have come out because of human activity. We think only about better business, developing industry, building new houses and cars, inventing new formula and medicine. Unfortunately, the consequences are so bad and dangerous for nature. And because we depend on nature, they are so bad for us. And everything is dependent. No air or water- no plants, no plants- there are no animals, and people will start to suffer.
Once I heard: if one day bees disappear, our planet will exist only few more years.
Загрязнение окружающей среды
Наш мир огромный и красивый. Люди восхищаются глядя на горы, парки, моря, водопады и говорят, что природа смогла создать все это таким уникальным. В то же самое время мы хотим развиваться и меняться, строить новые заводы, изобретать новые вещи и так далее. Многое из этих изобретений ранит нашу планету, а природа страдает уже долгое время.
Проблемы окружающей среды существуют уже давно и с каждым годом они становятся серьезнее и опаснее. Загрязнение воздуха и воды, глобальное потепление, вырубка лесов, изменения климата и многие другие факторы. Наша планета сталкивается со всеми этими проблемами каждый день.
Я видела много раз, как отличается ситуация в большом городе и жизнь в деревне. Чистый воздух, свежие фрукты и овощи, лес рядом, – тут всегда так свежо и хорошо. Совсем другое дело – промышленные города. Тут трудно дышать, большинство продуктов «напичканы» химией- все эти факторы опасны для нашего здоровья.
Хуже всего то, что эти проблемы – результат человеческой активности. Мы думаем об улучшении бизнеса, развивая промышленность, строя новые здания и автомобили, изобретая новые формулы и лекарства. К сожалению, последствия нашей деятельности опасны для природы. А мы зависим от неё полностью, значит, последствия опасны и для нас. Все взаимозависимо. Нет свежего воздуха и воды- нет растений, нет растений- нет животных, а там и люди начнут страдать.
Однажды я услышала: если пчёлы исчезнут, наша планета просуществует всего несколько лет без них.
Environmental Problems
Some people
say that we should invest money in ecology projects, while
others believe that nature is doing well by itself.
The earth is the only planet that people can live on, but
nowadays they seem to be doing everything to make their home
unfit for living. Industrialization has brought us into conflict
with the natural environment. Our pl^get is in danger; air,
water and land pollution have disastrous consequences which
threaten human life on Earth.
I strongly feel that the more money is invested in ecology
projects, the better our lives are going to be. People have
technologies to make our planet cleaner: we can control
pollution, recycle waste materials, protect rare animals and
plants and install antipollution equipment. We need more
disaster-prevention programs in order to control environmental
pollution, fight the destruction of wildlife and preserve
woodlands. There should be more organizations like Greenpeace
that will help protect the animal world and stop environmental
degradation. Such organizations influence public opinion and
help form a correct attitude to nature. There should be more
newspaper articles, TV-programs and science-popular films about
ecological problems. They help people become
environment-educated.
However, many people still believe that nature is doing well by
itself. They use natural resources and pollute the environment,
but they don’t think how awful the consequences may be. I’m sure
that nature can’t do without our help. If we want to breathe
fresh air, to drink clean water and to eat healthy food, we must
stop polluting the environment.
To conclude, ecological problems concern everybody and there are
ways to solve them. People must always remember that the earth
is our home and it depends on us what it will be like.
Many people
think that they can’t solve the world’s environmental problems
on their own and that the government and big companies must care
about these problems. However, others say that individuals can
do much to help the environment.
Our planet is in danger: air, water and land pollution have
disastrous consequences which threaten human life on Earth. Most
people are convinced that something must be done to stop
pollution, but they don’t know if they can help.
In my opinion, much can be done by an average citizen. People
have to be smart about such things as driving a car or using
electricity. Whenever we drive a car, we are adding greenhouse
gases to the atmosphere. To make our planet cleaner and to use
less energy we can try carpooling. That is when three people
ride together in one car instead of driving three cars to work.
We can also use public transport, ride a bike, or walk. People
can save electricity by turning off lights, our TV-set and
computer. We can use less washing up liquids to keep the water
clean. We can also plant trees, collect litter and recycle cans,
bottles, plastic bags and newspapers. Besides, we can buy
products that don’t use much energy.
But a lot of people still think that there is little they can do
to help the environment. They are sure that it is the duty of
the government and big companies to make our planet cleaner: to
recycle waste materials, to protect rare animals and plants, to
install antipollution equipment and so on. But they are wrong.
Everybody must take part in reducing pollution.
To conclude, if we want to be healthy, to drink clean water and
to breathe fresh air, we should take care of the environment and
help improve our lives on Earth.
There is a lot
of discussion about the destruction of rain forests. Some people
don’t care about this problem, while others feel that the rain
forest must be preserved.
Nowadays rainforests occupy a relatively small area. One can
find them in South America and Indonesia, in Thailand and Sri
Lanka. Worryingly, rainforests are disappearing at an alarming
rate owing to deforestation, river pollution and soil erosion.
Quite a lot of people still don’t know what effect the
destruction of the rainforest may have on the world climate.
To my mind, tropical rainforests are very important for our
planet because they are home to a great variety of plants,
insects, birds and animals. Tropical rainforests are called the
“world’s largest pharmacy” because a lot of natural medicines
have been discovered there. More than half of the world’s
species of plants and animals are found in rainforests. They
also offer a way of life to many people living in and around the
forest. What is more, rainforests are the lungs of our planet
because they produce a significant amount of the world’s oxygen.
Unfortunately, rainforests continue disappearing. Some people
say that we need more land for agriculture and more trees for
timber. They continue killing animals and picking up herbs and
rare flowers. Rainforests also have value as tourism
destinations. But the increasing number of tourists may damage
the local environment. I strongly feel that people must be
careful with nature.
To conclude, if people want to be healthy and to live happily on
Earth, they must preserve rainforests. I think that governments
must work together with environmentalists to fight deforestation
and to prevent the disappearance of “the lungs of our planet”.
Everybody
understands that we should recycle our waste. However, most
people continue disposing of it in the usual way.
Recycling is an important issue nowadays. Unfortunately,
people have always polluted their surroundings. The development
of big industrial cities has led to the concentration of huge
amounts of waste into small areas. Disposal of waste has become
a major problem. When rubbish is burnt, this pollutes the
atmosphere. When it is buried in landfill sites, it can cause
pollution of water supplies. So the obvious solution of this
problem is recycling.
I strongly feel that everybody can help recycle waste by
collecting litter and by sorting rubbish into different
categories. Paper, glass and plastic can be sold to recycling
companies. Recycled waste can be made into new products and it
can help save natural resources. Some waste can also be used to
produce electricity or to make soil for growing fruit and
vegetables. In my opinion, it would be great if recycling
centres paid people for the rubbish they brought in.
But in spite of all the advantages of recycling, there is still
a lot of waste everywhere. Many people don’t want to sort their
rubbish. Some areas still have plenty of landfill space and no
recycling centres. They find it rather expensive to transport
materials for recycling to big cities. To my mind, there must be
more recycling centres not only in big cities, but in small
towns as well. Besides, people should be educated about the
importance of recycling.
In general, recycling is good for the environment. What is more,
it is an interesting and profitable business. If everybody made
a small effort to improve their local environment, pollution
would be reduced gradually and the global situation would
improve.
Из учебного пособия
“Открывая
мир с английским языком. 150 эссе для ЕГЭ. Готовимся к ЕГЭ” Юнёва С.А. 2011г.
ЭССЕ (СОЧИНЕНИЕ)
Industrial development plays a large role in prosperity of any country. I doubt whether the country could do without leading industries, such as: heavy and light industry, power engineering, extractive industry, heavy engineering, chemical industry, etc. Very often the welfare of the whole city depends on stability and efficiency of one factory.
But such an intense development adversely affects the environment. For instance, oil production is one of the most important industries all over the world. Nowadays, it is difficult to imagine our life without oil. But its extraction results in terrible problems: ground depression in places of oil extraction, its pouring out into the great oceans. Air photography shows that one third of sea surface is covered with an oil slick causing mass destruction of sea fauna and birds.
In addition to oil production, chemical industry is another destructive factor. Chemical factories pollute air, water and soil. Tons of poisonous gases like carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, hydrocarbon are emitted every day.
No doubt mankind can’t help making industrial progress. But we should begin to think about prevention of disastrous damage our industrial flourishing does to our fragile nature. Factories should constantly improve their cleaning machinery to lessen toxicity of their emissions.
Our planet Earth is only a tiny part of the universe, and it is so far the only place where human beings can live.
We always polluted our surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a huge problem. People lived in the countryside and couldn’t produce such amount of pollution that would lead to a dangerous situation on a global scale.
With the development of industrial cities, which create huge amounts of pollutants, the problem has become real. Nowadays our planet is in serious danger. Global warming, acid rains, air and water pollution, overpopulation are the problems that threaten human lives on the Earth.
Every year world industry pollutes the air that we breathe with. A great number of cities suffer from smog. Rainforests are cut down. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result, some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants are extinct. A lot of seas, rivers and lakes are filled with poison like industrial and nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crisis.
People should consider their attitude to the environment. Some progress has already been made in this direction. Numerous conferences have been held by a lot of agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass and Chernobyl. Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
What can we do to save our planet? First of all, people should switch to alternative forms of power, such as solar power or wind power. Secondly, the use of atomic power must be banned. Thirdly, we need to recycle. It’s the art of turning waste into new products. It would be a good idea if people started riding bicycles instead of driving cars. We are obliged to protect nature. If everybody cares, it will make a difference.
The poisoning of the world’s land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history’s greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.
Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect.
The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.
Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.
Air pollution is a very serious problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening- equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union.
Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substunces. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.An even greater environmental threat are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are.
People are beginning to realise that environmental problems are not somebody else’s. They join and support various international organosation and green parties. If governments wake up to what is happening- perhaps we’ll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it.
Environmental pollution
Загрязнение окружающей среды
The mankind has achieved high results in technologies. However it has some disadvantages. First of all, it is the environmental pollution. There are many types of pollution. It may be air pollution, light pollution, littering, noise pollution, water pollution and so on.
Человечество достигло высоких результатов в области технологий. Однако здесь есть свои недостатки. Прежде всего, это загрязнение окружающей среды. Есть много видов загрязнения. Это может быть загрязнение воздуха, световое загрязнение, засорение, шумовое загрязнение, загрязнение воды и так далее.
Air pollution is a big problem. It is the release of chemicals into the atmosphere. It has a negative effect not only on the lungs but on the whole body. It may be the cause of cancer and many other dangerous diseases. Also it is one of the causes of the global warming.
Загрязнение воздуха является большой проблемой. Это выброс химических веществ в атмосферу. Это оказывает негативное влияние не только на легкие, но на весь организм в целом. Это может быть причиной рака и многих других опасных заболеваний. И также это одна из причин глобального потепления.
A human cannot live without water. So water pollution is very dangerous for people. Besides it is very dangerous for fish and animals. There are a lot of cases when, for example, whales eat rubbish and die. Also water condition changes.
Человек не может жить без воды. Поэтому загрязнение воды очень опасно для людей. К тому же это очень опасно для рыб и животных. Известно много случаев, когда, например, киты едят мусор и погибают. Также меняется состояние воды.
Air or water pollution is a global problem while, for example, light pollution may be the local one. Just imagine: a shopping centre is built near your house. You want to sleep but you cannot do that because bright light comes through the window. This bright light comes from that shopping centre, its street lamps and so on. Noise pollution is the same thing. If you live near the road, the roaring sounds of automobiles can annoy you.
Загрязнение воды или воздуха является глобальной проблемой, в то время как, например, световое загрязнение может носить локальный характер. Только представьте: торговый центр построен рядом с вашим домом. Вы хотите уснуть, но вы не можете сделать это, потому что яркий свет проникает через окно. Этот яркий свет исходит от торгового центра, его уличных фонарей и так далее. Шумовое загрязнение является похожим явлением. Если вы живете рядом с дорогой, ревущие звуки автомобилей могут раздражать вас.
In my opinion, people must care about the environment. We must keep our planet from pollution. Fortunately, there are many ecological organizations which do their best to minimize environmental pollution.
На мой взгляд, люди должны заботиться об окружающей среде. Мы должны охранять нашу планету от загрязнения. К счастью, существует много экологических организаций, которые делают все возможное, чтобы свести к минимуму загрязнение окружающей среды.
Окружающая нас среда постоянно меняется. Мы не можем отрицать этот факт. Технологический прогресс оказывает не самое благоприятное влияние на окружающую среду.
Сегодня человечество сталкивается со множеством экологических проблем. Если вовремя не обратить на них внимания, мы рискуем столкнуться с гораздо более серьезными бедствиями в будущем.
Загрязнение
Загрязнение – одна из самых больших проблем. Заводы и автомобили являются самыми злостными загрязняющими факторами. Разливы нефти и кислотные дожди загрязняют Мировой океан.
Глобальное потепление
Глобальное потепление – результат деятельности человека. Оно характеризуется повышением температуры океанов и поверхности земли, что приводит к повышению уровня воды и таянию ледникового покрова. Кроме того, наводнения, опустынивание и чрезмерное выпадение снега, также являются признаками глобального потепления.
Климатические изменения
Глобальное потепление влечет за собой другую серьезную проблему – изменение климата. Изменение климата может стать причиной появления других вредных влияний на нашу жизнь, в том числе появления новых болезней и изменения погодных условий.
Вырубка лесов
На сегодняшний день 30% поверхности земли покрыто лесами. С каждым годом их становится все меньше. Человек вырубает леса, освобождая площадь под строительство новых домов, заводов и предприятий. Мы должны задуматься о том, что вырубка лесов приводит к вымиранию животных и исчезновению растений.
Истощение озонового слоя
Озоновый слой защищает нашу планету от вредных солнечных лучей. Вследствие выброса в атмосферу так называемых фреонов, озоновый слой истончается. Из-за этого в озоновом слое появляются дыры.
В настоящее время, фреоны практически не используются в производстве. Однако стоит помнить, что если эта проблема не будет взята под контроль, вредные солнечные лучи смогут беспрепятственно проникать в атмосферу. Крупнейшая озоновая дыра находится над Антарктидой.
Air pollution is one of the most urgent environmental problems.
Hazardous atmospheric emissions have increased with the development of industry and transport. Air in big cities is a lot more polluted than air in the countryside.
In 1997 many countries signed the Kyoto Protocol in an effort to fight air pollution.
Water pollution is another serious problem. Plants and factories release harmful substances not only into the air but into the natural reservoirs, too.
As a result of that, animals and plants lose their habitat, and people suffer from the shortage of high-quality drinking water.
Global warming is the result of human activity. The industrial development causes the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere. That means that air on our planet is getting hotter.
This results in such consequences as raising of water level in the World ocean and changes in agricultural productivity.
Lately, animal world and plant kingdom of our planet have been at serious risk as human activity endangers their serene existence.
Ecosystems play an important role and preserving biodiversity is vital for our planet. Extermination of animals and carelessness towards plants must be prevented.
It is well known that our planet is overpopulated. This depletes natural resources. Some countries already suffer from scarcity of water, food and fuel.
Our mission is to act towards natural resources with care and use them efficiently.
Загрязнение атмосферы является одной из наиболее насущных проблем окружающей среды.
С развитием промышленности и транспорта увеличились выбросы вредных веществ в атмосферу. В больших городах воздух намного грязнее, чем в сельской местности.
В целях борьбы с загрязнением атмосферы многими странами в 1997 году был подписан Киотский протокол.
Загрязнение воды – еще одна серьезная проблема. Заводы и фабрики выбрасывают вредные вещества не только в атмосферу, но и в природные водоемы.
В результате животные и растения лишаются среды обитания, а люди страдают от нехватки качественной пресной воды.
Глобальное потепление является результатом деятельности человека. Развитие промышленности приводит к выбросу вредных веществ в атмосферу. Это значит, что воздух на нашей планете нагревается.
Это приводит к таким последствиям, как повышение уровня воды Мирового океана и изменение в производительности сельского хозяйства.
В последнее время животный и растительный мир нашей планеты находятся в серьезной опасности, так как деятельность человека угрожает их спокойному существованию.
Экосистемы играют важную роль, и сохранение биоразнообразия чрезвычайно важно для нашей планеты. Необходимо предотвратить истребление животных и беззаботное отношение к растениям.
Известно, что наша планета сильно перенаселена. Это приводит к истощению природных ресурсов. В некоторых странах остро ощущается нехватка воды, питания и топлива.
Наша задача – бережно относиться к природным ресурсам и рационально их использовать.
Our planet Earth is only a tiny part of the universe, but nowadays it’s the only place where we can live. People have lived on our planet for many years. They lived and live on different continents, in different countries. People depend on their planet, the sun, animals and plants around them. Environment is everything in the world around us that surround and affects all life on earth, including the air, food, water, plants, animals and other.
Environment is the place where we live. Since ancient time nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But man’s interference in nature began to increase with the development of civilization. Our ecology becomes worse and worse with every new day. Many species of animals and birds are disappearing nowadays. People destruct wildlife, cut down trees to make furniture. They forget that people can’t live without trees and plants, because they fill air with oxygen.
There are a lot of ecological problems. The most serious ecological problems are: noise from cars and buses; destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty; shortage of natural resources; the growth of population; pollution in its many forms. Water is everywhere, but there is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. People can’t drink this water. So we have to clean the water environment. Another problem is air pollution. Air pollution influents the health of people. For example: ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution. Also we have problem with nuclear pollution. Nuclear pollution cannot be seen but its effect can be terrible. To make air clear clean again we need good filters at nuclear power stations, at factories, in cars and buses.
Another problem is growth of population. They don’t have enough places to live. They need more water, more food. So it is the reason of the shortage of the natural resources. It is very difficult to solve this problem. Also one of the most serious problems is greenhouse effect. It works like this: sunlight gives us heat. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere and some of the heat goes back into space. Nowadays the heat can’t go into space. That’s why winter and summer temperatures in many places have become higher. If the temperature continues growing up the snow on the mountains and ice will melt, so the most of the earth will be under water. So every person has to understand how important it is to solve these problems, which endanger people’s life.
The eldest daughter of former U.S. President, Barack Obama Malia stood in the protection of Nature.
Humans are destroying Nature, knowing that every step could lead to a global catastrophe and blatantly destroy Nature. Please save Earth and Arctic. Long live mother Earth — Mom I live for you. An ardent conservationist Nazar Pervobytnyi, for conservation Earth. Peace and Friendship are the most important to us. Protect Nature from humanity. stop the production of oil, gas, salt and so on. Arctic unique, live there polar bears, walruses, narwhals and other amazing animals. Tears and pain nivchem innocent — all living things in the world, it is impossible to live on, otherwise all life will perish from human activities. Mother — Earth, our home, our common home — the planet where
the world we live in. Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, creeks,
springs, forests, meadows, flora and fauna adorn the Planet. World to save natur: Help save mother Earth. The effects of extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. On the face: the climate changed for the worse, shallowed and dried up rivers and lakes in different parts of the world, the melting of icebergs and the Arctic ocean, earthquakes, hurricanes, acid rain, and snow disfigured and poisoned the land, air and water, various diseases. All living things in the world breathe polluted air, drink the same poisoned water. We are all sick suffer and die painfully slow. Rid of all misery and destruction, for this we need the entire world once and for all to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. Life in the world is one, it is mother Earth that created us and other animals and plants. And we all the world should live according to the laws of mother nature, so we can get rid of all disease, suffering, and destruction. From mining salt, coal, ore, oil gas and so on: the Glaciers are melting and climate is changing at a rapid pace. We must preserve from environmental disasters. Environmental pollution and the worst environmental disasters in the world are caused by man. We are a child of Nature and we depend on mother Earth, it is better to start taking care of mother Nature. I think you, like me, you live for the sake of peace and for the salvation of mother Earth. I ask you, spread, please, my appeal, which is expressed with a heavy heart and with tears in eyes, because through the fault of mankind crumbling Earth and all living things die around the world. I appeal to all mankind, to the whole world to stop and imagine the scene that floods or drought. Then all will end, so it is urgent to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas, and more. Man destroys all living things in the world: Urbanization and industrialization are dangerous to all living things in the world. Chemical hazardous substances deadly to all living things in the world. World production of oil, gas, coal, salt and so on are dangerous for the environment. There are serious problems of environmental pollution in all countries of the world, this occurs when cities, factories, transportation, sanitation, landfill and so on, pollute the air, water and land. Harmful substances are mixed, and the mixture is distributed worldwide in the wind and fall back to earth. Coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Global industrialization and urbanization has led to global climate change for the worst in the world. To recover and permanently terminate mining of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. So we can prevent global environmental catastrophe. Between us and other animals plants, there is no difference — we are all children of the Earth and we are all one family. We all the world should live according to the laws of mother Nature and save mother Earth from ecological disaster. Pollution (Land, Air and Water Pollution) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP3pbh_-pu8&sns= tw Exxon Valdez oil spill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtF-4JvSh8o&sns= tw. Nature can to get rid of all ills, misfortune and razrusheny: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUwnn99YOC0&sns= tw. Profit Pollution and Deception BP and the Oil Spill BBC Documentary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zGFvzMMO9w&sns= tw. Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs & Pepper Spray http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuZcx2zEo4k&sns= tw. Environmental problems of the Earth! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pe-KV6J-uE&sns= fb Pepper Spray http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuZcx2zEo4k
Text 1. Help Wild Animals
I think it is necessary to help wild animals. Many of them are in danger now. For example, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which live in the Arctic.
White bears eat fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals die.
All woods are home to animals and birds. It is important to take care of them. If trees are damaged and flowers and grass are cut, birds and animals can become instinct.
Each of us can do something to help nature. We must not frighten animals and birds. We must never break plants or baby trees.
There are a lot of ways to help our planet. We must take care of it.
* * *
Text 2. Climatic Changes
Climate is a weather a certain place has over a long period of time. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.
But recently the climate has changed a lot, especially in Europe. Scientists think that the reason is greenhouse effect. It is caused by carbon dioxide (углекислый газ). Carbon dioxide is produced when we burn things. Also people and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. As you know, trees take this gas from air and produce oxygen. But in the last few years people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer trees and more carbon dioxide.
This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It lets heat get in, but it doesn’t let much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer.
Greenhouse effect is sometimes called global warming.
carbon dioxide — углекислый газ
oxygen — кислород
heat – тепло
to get in — пропускать
to get out — выпускать
* * *
Text 3. Environmental problems
We are the caretakers of the earth. We know that polluted air, water and land are harmful to plants, animals and people. In Russia there a lot of regions which are severely polluted. It is plants that pollute our atmosphere with tons of harmful substances. These are very dangerous wastes. They go into the air and are carried by winds for great distances.
60% of the air pollution is caused by different means of transport: cars, trucks, buses.
Then we must remember that when we use aerosol sprays, we destroy the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.
The list of serious environmental problems can be continued …..
severely polluted сильно загрязнены
harmful substances вредные вещества
* * *
Text 4. Green Peace
Green Peace is an international environmental organization which fights against the pollution of the environment. It was founded in 1969 by a group of Canadian environmentalists. Members of Green Peace appear in the places where the environment is endangered. They always act fast.
The world knows about the Green Peace action to stop hunting whales or killing baby seals. They block the way to the ships that try to dump waste, and work hard to create a nuclear-free world.
The activity of Green Peace often annoys governments, companies and people who don’t care about the future of the world.
Green Peace has offices in many countries, including Russia. People, who can’t take part in Green Peace actions directly support this organization with money.
Green Peace members are often called “greens”. The “greens” are group of people whose aim is protection of natural things, e.g. plants and animals.
* * *
Text 5. Green Fuel
A new low-cost fuel is being developed by a biotechnology company. It is called biobutanol and is expected to be the best environmentally friendly fuel for transport.
Butanol is derived from waste plant material (biomass) and is an attractive replacement for petrol.
It reduces not only CO2 emissions but also our dependence on finite fossil fuels.
The UK’s Minister for Science said: “The development of biofuels is expected to play a major part in reducing transport emissions. Climate change is a huge global problem. We believe the UK must put its best efforts towards developing the new technologies.”
fuel — топливо
biotechnology [?ba??utek’n?l???] – биотехнология
environmentally friendly — экологически чистый
to derive from– получать, извлекать
emission – выделение
to penetrate — завоевывать, проникать
finite – ограниченный, исчерпаемый
fossil – ископаемое
* * *
A Short History of Hair. Топик по английскому
Over thousands of years some very odd things have been done to hair. Here are some of them.
It’s strange to think of tough soldiers having their hair curled, but that’s what the Persians did over 2000 years ago. The curls were made by twisting the hair round hot rods. Their thick beards and moustaches were curled too.
In about 1150, during the Norman period, women grew hair as long as they…
American Climate. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американский климат
The climate of the US is temperate, with four distinct seasons. The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climate zones.
The coldest regions are in the north and northeast, where a lot of snow falls in winter. The climate of Alaska is arctic.
All along the western coast, the temperature changes little between winter and summer months, while in the…
American English. Топик по английскому
American English is one of the ways of speaking English. In the formation of American English the English-speaking colonists were brought into contact with different peoples who spoke different languages. Many words, derived from these languages, were added to the 17th-century form of English.
First in importance come the words derived from the speech of various Indian tribes. This was caused by…
American Food. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американская Еда
When we speak about American food, we always imagine hamburgers and hot dogs, fried chicken and giant steaks. But in fact Americans eat every kind of food imaginable, even spaghetti and pizza. The expression “as American as apple pie” means something that is typically American, but even apple pie came from somewhere else. The only true American foods are those that the…
American Government. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американское правительство
The United States is a representative democracy. All government power rests ultimately with the people who direct policies by voting for government representatives. The nation’s Constitution defines the powers of national and state governments, the functions and framework of each branch of government, and the rights of individual citizens.
The principle of…
American Holidays. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американские праздники
The population in the USA is made up of people of different nationalities. Centuries ago they brought with them their native celebrations. Only some holidays, which are marked in the United States, were originated in America.
One of the greatest holidays is Independence Day. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed. It proclaimed independence of the…
American People. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американский народ
America is a friendly country. People easily start talking with each other. When Americans meet people for the first time, they usually shake hands. When they meet friends or relatives they haven’t seen for a long time, they usually kiss them. You can easily spot Americans abroad by their confident manners which come from their sense of individual freedom — their first…
American Political System. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американская политическая система
After the colonies in America had won the War for Independence, they became free and independent states, but they had a problem: they needed one strong national government. That’s why in the year 1787 all the states sent their representatives to Philadelphia where they wrote the Constitution. The Constitution is the highest law in the United States which…
American Shopping Habits. Топик по английскому
Shopping is the favorite pastime of many Americans. They usually go to big shopping centers called malls that have a variety of boutiques, department stores and restaurants. Chain stores like J.C. Penney or The Gap are also found in malls.
Everything is indoors, so you can walk from store to store without worrying about traffic or bad weather. Malls are air- conditioned in the summer and heated in…
American System of Education. Топик по английскому
Тема: Американская система образования
Americans have always believed in education but in a special American way. The schools’ first job was to turn millions of foreign children into Americans. Since they came from dozens of different countries, this was not easy. Schools had to teach the children to speak English, to love their new country and to learn how to live in it. American schools were…
I think that Russia is one of the dirtiest countries in the world. In Russia almost every family has a car. And fumes of cars are very dangerous. Our factories, cars, trains and planes make the air dirty, so the atmosphere is polluted.
I believe that one day somebody will invent energy that hasn’t fumes. Or people will use renewable energy, for example solar energy, wind energy or hydro-electric dams. I know that these energies aren’t so powerful, but we can use it sometimes, for example for cookers.
I think that right now we need new energy, because oil and coal are disappearing. All countries will be in the economiccrisis, if we don’t find new energy!
I know that the world is getting hotter because of us! When the sun shines, everything gets hot and the dirt stops the hot air from going up to the sky. Because the hot air has nowhere to go, everything gets hotter.
Our world is warmer than it was one hundred years ago. Hot countries may become drier and the people who live there won’t be able to grow enough food. Ice in cold areas is changing to water because of higher temperatures. When this happens, the sea levels become bigger. Some towns near the sea may have a problem soon.
We can help if we stop making the air dirty but we must do something fast!
In addition, not many people understand that they are polluting environment. They are dropping litter on the streets. In my opinion drop litter or rubbish in the dustbin isn’t hard it’s easy.
I think that there must be group of people who will follow the people whodrop litter in the streets. Finally there must be more bins in the streets. And, of course, don’t cut down trees!!! Grow trees, they clean the air!
I’m sure all is in hands of people. I call up: Protect environment, save nature!
I always drop litter in bins and call up my friends to do the same. Maybe when I grow up somebody will have already invented clean and powerful energy.
SAVE NATURE AND ENVIROMENT!!!
Перевод:
Я думаю, что Россия одна из самых загрязненных стран в мире. В России большинство семей имеют машину. В обычной семье часто бывает две или более машин. И выхлопы от машин очень опасны. Наши заводы, машины, поезда и самолеты делают воздух грязным, поэтому атмосфера загрязнена.
Я верю, что кто-нибудь изобретёт энергию, которая не имела бы выхлопов. Или люди использовали бы восстанавливаемую энергию, например солнечную энергию, ветряную энергию или гидро-электро станцию. Я знаю,что эти энергии не такие мощные, но мы можем использовать их для групп вещей, например для плит, использовалась солнечная энергия и т.д.
Я думаю, что прямо сейчас нам нужна новая энергия, потому что нефть и уголь исчезают. Все страны будут в экономическом кризисе, если мы не найдем новую энергию!
Я знаю, что мир становится горячее из-за нас! Когда солнце светит, все становится горячим, и грязь мешает горячему воздуху подойти к небу. Поскольку горячему воздуху некуда идти, все становится горячее.
Наш мир уже становится более теплым, чем это было сто лет назад. Жаркие страны могут стать суше, живущие в них не смогут выращивать достаточное количество продовольствия. Лед в холодных местах сменится на воду, причина в высоких температурах. Когда это произойдет, уровень моря повысится. Некоторые города рядом с морем могут иметь проблему скоро.
Мы можем помочь, если мы прекратим загрязнять воздух, но мы должны делать что-то быстро!
В дополнение, немногие люди понимают, что они загрязняют окружающую среду. Они бросают мусор на улицах. По моему мнению, бросать мусор в урну не трудно – это просто.
Я думаю, что должна быть группа людей, которая наблюдала за людьми, которые бросают мусор на улицах. Наконец, пусть больше урн поставят на улицах. И, конечно, не срубайте деревья!!! Растите деревья, они очищают воздух!
Я уверена – все в руках человека. Я призываю: Защитите окружающую среду, сохраните природу!
Я всегда бросаю мусор в урны и призываю своих друзей делать тоже самое. Возможно, когда я выросту кто-нибудь уже изобретёт чистую и мощную энергию.
СОХРАНИТЕ ПРИРОДУ И ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ!!!
Слепченко Анжелика
The Problem of Environmental Protection
Environmental
protection is the main problem facing humanity nowadays. The
image of a sick planet has become firmly established in the
public mind lately.
Ten years ago the
word ‘ecology’ hardly meant anything for the majority of people,
but today we can’t help bearing it in our minds. It has happened
because of the growing effect of the rapid industrial
development of the natural world which has negative features of
its own. As a matter of fact the state of environment has
greatly worsened of late.
There is no doubt
that soil, water and air are contaminated with toxic wastes.
Over the past few years we have been constantly speaking about
ozone holes, droughts, high level of radiation, about food
contaminated with chemicals. Scientists in many countries are
very much concerned about drastic changes in weather patterns.
The worst drought, the mildest winter and the most devastating
hurricanes have become typical in those parts of the world where
they used to be a rare occurrence.
Weather patterns
have been changing recently due to the global warming-up process
and its major reason — the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse
effect is created by carbon dioxide emissions, released by
industrial facilities and a constantly increasing number of
cars. Thus it is of vital importance that the world should start
cutting down the release of gases that contribute to the
greenhouse effect. What is the reason for people getting so much
worried about the state of environment? The answer to this
question is fairly simple. The thing is the deterioration of the
environment is telling heavily on people. They are paying for
this with their health. And it is obvious what all people need
is a healthy environment.
To solve this
burning problem it is necessary for people to combine efforts,
to raise safety standards at all industrial facilities, to
adequately process by-products of industry, to set up an
international space laboratory to monitor the state of
environment and set up an international centre for emergency
environmental assistance. All these measures will help us in
solving these important problems and prevent us from dangerous
illnesses and diseases.
Проблема защиты окружающей среды
Защита окружающей среды является
одной из важнейших проблем человечества наших дней. Картина
больной, загрязненной Земли все яснее предстает в уме людей в
последнее время.
Десять лет назад слово «экология»
вряд ли что-либо значило для большей части населения однако
сегодня об этом не возможно не думать. Это происходит из-за
растущего воздействия стремительного промышленного прогресса. За
последнее время состояние окружающей среды сильно ухудшилось.
Нет сомнений в том, что почва, вода
и воздух, заражены токсичными отходами. В течение последних пяти
лет мы постоянно говорили об озоновых дырах, засухах, высоком
уровне радиации, еде, зараженной химическими добавками. Ученые
всего мира весьма обеспокоены сильными изменениями климатических
условий. Засухи стали более сильными, зимы — более теплыми, а
ураганы — более разрушительными в тех частях света, где они
раньше были большой редкостью.
В последнее время климатические
условия сильно изменились, вследствие глобального потепления и
его основной причины — парникового эффекта. Парниковый эффект
обусловлен выбросами двуокиси углерода промышленными объектами и
увеличением числа автомобилей. Таким образом, жизненно важной
необходимостью является снижение выбросов газов, способствующих
образованию парникового эффекта. Что является причиной столь
сильного беспокойства об окружающей среде? Ответ на этот вопрос
очень прост. Ухудшение условий окружающей среды сильно влияет на
людей. Они расплачиваются за это своим здоровьем. Очевидно, что
всем необходима здоровая окружающая среда.
Чтобы решить насущную проблему, люди
должны объединить свои усилия. Добиться соблюдения экологических
стандартов на промышленных объектах, правильно перерабатывать
сырье, создать международную космическую лабораторию для
наблюдения за состоянием окружающей среды, а также создать
международный экстренный центр защиты и помощи окружающей среде.
Эти меры помогут нам в решении важных проблем и предотвращении
опасных болезней.
Vocabulary:
environmental protection — охрана
(зашита) окружающей среды
humanity — человечество
firmly established — укорениться
hardly — вряд ли, едва ли
majority — большинство
soil — почва
toxic wastes — токсичные отходы
drought — засуха
to contaminate — заражать, инфицировать (в том числе
отравляющими и радиоактивными веществами)
chemicals — химические вещества
to be concerned about — беспокоиться
drastic — радикальный, глубокий; резкий
devastating — опустошительный, разрушительный
to be rare occurrence — происходить редко
the greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект
to create — создавать
carbon dioxide — двуокись углерода
industrial facilities — промышленные предприятия
to be of vital importance — быть необычайно важным
to cut down — сокращать
the release of gases — выброс газов
to contribute to — содействовать, способствовать
fairly —довольно
deterioration —ухудшение
to tell on — сказываться на
to solve — решать
to raise safety standards — поднимать требования к технике
безопасности
to adequately process by-products of industry — хорошо
перерабатывать
промышленные отходы
to monitor — контролировать
an international centre for emergency environment assistance —
международный центр по оказанию срочной экологической помощи
to prevent — защищать, предохранять
Охрана окружающей среды
Экологические проблемы становятся все более и более важным сегодня. Люди во всем мире обсудить охрану окружающей среды, но мы по-прежнему идти на загрязняющих воздух, вода и почва.
Загрязнение воздуха является большой проблемой крупных городов и промышленных районов. Это, как правило, вызваны различными видами транспорта. Автомобили, автобусы и самолеты из худших загрязнителей воздуха. Фабрики и заводы загрязняют наш воздух тоже. В результате, кислотные дожди появляются и повреждение леса и почвы.
Деревья и растения очень важны для нас. Они дают нам кислород, чтобы дышать. В некоторых частях мира, таких как Азия и Южная Америка, деревья вырубаются людьми. Тропические леса уничтожаются для дров и строительных материалов. Как мы теряем тропические леса, это станет труднее дышать. Температура на планете будут расти, и это вызовет глобальное потепление.
Как мы можем решить проблемы загрязнения воздуха? Прежде всего, люди должны попытаться использовать альтернативные источники энергии, такие как солнечные, водой или ветром энергий. Есть способы, чтобы уменьшить загрязнение воздуха, вызванного дорожного движения. Можно построить еще железные дороги и поддерживать общественный транспорт. Еще один способ, чтобы сделать лесозаготовительные компании посадить новые деревья. Если они это сделали, это может спасти тропические леса и дать всем нам чистый воздух, чтобы дышать.
Загрязнение воды так опасно, как загрязнение воздуха. Мы все нуждаемся в воде – не только для наших домов или заводов, но, чтобы выжить. Гуманного начинается дома. Мы можем сохранить воду из наших ванн и использовать его для садов. Правительства могут помочь путем принятия законов, чтобы остановить заводы из истощения и загрязнения водных ресурсов. Если заводы оборотной воды и остановился заливки химических веществ в наших озерах и реках, там будет больше чистой воды вокруг. Правительства могут также остановить воды компаний из тратить миллионы литров воды из-за протекающих труб. Многие города успешно сохранили воду Услуги ремонта труб.
Мы не должны игнорировать проблемы для утилизации загрязнения, и мы должны попытаться сделать все возможное, чтобы остановить или по крайней мере уменьшить его.