It is said that many countries spend lots of money on space exploration. Some people think that it is a right way; others believe that there is a better way to use the money.
In my opinion, it is very important to discover space. To begin with, space exploration helps us to prevent cosmic catastrophes, like asteroid falling. Modern scientific and technical equipment can detect and destroy asteroids before they reach the Earth and make any harm.
Secondly, there is an electricity problem on our planet. We have to discover new and new sources of electricity. It is a nice idea, to my mind, to try to find them in space.
On the other hand, there are those who think that the money which is spent on space exploration should be used to solve some Global problems. They believe that it is more important to settle such problems as malnutrition, the overflow of population and environment pollution instead of discovering space.
I disagree with them. I think that these problems should be solved separately from space exploration, because they are very different but so significant.
In conclusion I am strongly convinced that people should continue space exploration, because it is very important for our future.
На английском языке. Space Exploration
For me and for many people space is something mysterious. There are a lot of scientists exploring it and trying to understand what is happening there.
On the 12th of April 1961 the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space. When he made the first space trip he was 27 years old. He spent 89 minutes in space, went around the Earth. The speed of a spaceship was over 17 thousand miles per hour. After this historic event Gagarin became a worldwide hero. After Gagarin’s space voyage it seemed like every child wanted to become a cosmonaut.
Some people think that Space Exploration is a waste of time and money. They say that money spent on space research could be given to poor people. I think we should help them and solve this global problem, but not by reducing money for development.
I think that people should visit other planets and make researches in space. I believe exploring of space helps people find some new things such as new minerals or substances. It is also a way to predict what will happen to us in the future or prevent some catastrophes. Перевод на русский язык. Освоение космоса
Для меня и для многих людей космос – это что-то таинственное. Многие ученые исследуют его и пытаются понять, что же там просходит.
12 апреля 1961 года советский космонавт Юрий Гагарин стал первым человеком, совершившим полет в космос. Когда он отправился в космос, ему было 27 лет. Он провел там 89 минут, облетел вокруг Земли. Скорость корабля составляла более 17 тысяч миль в час. После этого исторического события, Гагарин стал всемирным героем. После его путешествия в космос, казалось, каждый ребенок хотел стать космонавтом.
Некоторые люди считают, что освоение космоса – это трата денег и времени. Они говорят, что деньги, потраченные на исследование космоса, можно было бы отдать бедным. Я думаю, мы должны помогать им и решать эту глобальную проблему, но не уменьшая количество денег, потраченное на развитие.
Я считаю, что люди должны посещать другие планеты и исследовать космос. Я полагаю, что исследование космоса может помочь людям найти новые вещи, такие как новые минералы или вещества. Это также способ предсказать, что случится с нами в будущем и предотвратить некоторые катастрофы.
The importance of continuation of space exploration.
At the time the man landed the moon in 1969 many people thought that by the beginning of the 21 century space missions would become a routine. It is a pity but this time has not arrived yet. In fact people doubt if we really need space travels. Nevertheless, space exploration gives us precious information for medicine, mining operations and safety. Progress in studying space also inspires people greatly.
There are some reasons why space exploration is very important for humankind.
Firstly, it is a defence from a possible colliding with an asteroid. If we don’t want to end up like dinosaurs it is necessary to protect themselves from collision with a big asteroid. As a rule, the Earth is threatened to hit a rocky or iron celestial body once every ten years. Collision can cause dust storm, destroy forests and fields and spread starvation for those who will survive. Special space programs aim to detect a dangerous object before it approaches the Earth and to upset its motion path.
Secondly, there is a great opportunity to discover something new. A great number of modern gadgets were firstly discovered for space programs and later were used for «Earth» needs. For example, one great invention is ninitol, flexible but resilient alloy which was developed for satellites. Nowadays it is used for dental braces.
Thirdly, space exploration leads to appearing new medical innovations. For instance, cancer treatment or equipment for US (ultrasonic scanning). Some pharmaceutical medicine, which was developed for astronauts, is used for osteoporosis treatment nowadays.
Moreover, there is a great deal of gold, silver platinum and other valuable substances in space. Some foreign countries are thinking about mining operations on asteroids. As a consequence, in the future we can become space miners. In addition to this, the moon is a great source of helium, europium and tantalium which can be in high demand for use in production of solar panels and modern equipment.
One more point is that exploring space we can find the answer to the most important question. A lot of people believe that life exists somewhere else in space. However, we do not have any evidence if distant civilizations. That is why scientists are eager for the development of more observatories to explore space. For example, the James Webb Space Telescope. This satellite is expected to be launched in 2018 and it will have the ability to search signs of life on distant planets.
Another point of view is that people will have to colonise space to survive. We are running out of fresh territory on Earth, so the only way is to find somewhere new to go.
The last but not the least is that space exploration can unite people and nations. According to the latest events, political situation in the world is very complicated. Working on the international space station can help avoid international conflict between countries. It also could forge strong diplomatic ties between nations.
All things considered, space exploration is a very important and urgent problem nowadays. I think people mustn’t stop it as it has many benefits and gives opportunity for the whole mankind to develop.
Essay Sample 01
Клековкина Е., Манн
М., Тейлор-Ноулз С.
Comment on the following statement: Some people think that we should explore space and visit other planets. Other people say that space exploration is a waste of time and money. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
The question of exploring space has been discussed from the very beginning of space exploration. Some people say that it is our future, whereas others are quite skeptical.
I think that we should definitely explore space and spend as much money as required. First of all, our planet cannot exist forever. One day it will end and humans will have to move somewhere to continue living. Second, underground resources are finite and they will eventually end. It would be nice to have a possibility to import raw materials from other planets. It is also very interesting to meet other civilizations, if they exist.
At the same time, there are people who think that exploring space is a big waste of time and money. Every space shot costs us a lot of money. It is better to do something on earth that can be useful here and now.
In my opinion, it is not really a good forward-looking policy. It is better to be prepared for possible troubles that can come faster than we think. Global Warming can submerge the entire planet or a comet can hit the earth. I think people should be ready for any possible danger.
In conclusion, I would like to say it is difficult to keep doing space exploration when our national economic situation is not that good. Nevertheless, we should keep investing into space exploration because I strongly believe that one day it will bring the desired results. Thus, I support the idea that space exploration is worth doing. or
In conclusion, I would like to say there are opposing views on this issue. At first sight space exploration is a big waste of time and money but in actual fact it can bring a lot of benefit to people. Thus, I strongly believe that exploring space is worth doing.
Read by George William Dole
Space Exploration (2)
Mankind always
dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets.
But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become
reality.
On the 12th of
April 1961 the spaceship «Vostok» was launched into space with a
man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned
to the Earth.
The first man to
overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This
day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding
achievement, opening the space era.
In the course of
space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world
science and technology. This period saw the launching of many
earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the
achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations
on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and
Mars.
These are the
years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova
was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A.
Leonov achieved the first «space walk» in 1965, the first Soviet
experimental station with four cosmonauts on tjoard went into
orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.
The Soviet “«Lunokhod»,
automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories
opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first
experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of
space.
Recently there
have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research
programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this
to happen.
There is a direct
link between the development of space research programmes and
different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more
developed the latter are. Исследование космоса (2)
Человечество всегда мечтало
преодолеть силу земного притяжения и побывать на других
планетах. Но только в шестидесятых годах этой мечте суждено было
осуществиться.
12 апреля 1961 г. космический
корабль «Восток» был запущен в космос с человеком на борту. И
после того как он облетел нашу планету, он благополучно
возвратился на Землю.
Первым человеком, который преодолел
силу земного притяжения и облетел вокруг планеты, был Юрий
Гагарин. Этот день вошел в историю человечества как выдающееся
достижение, открыл космическую эру.
В ходе космических исследований было
сделано много открытий в мировой науке и технике. В это время
были запущены многие спутники и многочисленные космические
лаборатории. Среди достижений мы можем перечислить такие, как
установление автоматических станций на Луне, полеты космических
лабораторий на Венеру и Марс.
Это годы полетов на космических
кораблях с человеком на борту Валентина Терешкова была первой
женщиной-космонавтом» побывавшей в космосе. А. А. Леонов
совершил первый выход в открытый космос в 1965 г., первая
советская экспериментальная станция с четырьмя космонавтами на
борту вышла на земную орбиту, на Луне приземлилась первая
американская экспедиция.
Советский «Луноход», автоматические
орбитальные станции «Союз» и другие космические лаборатории
открыли новый период космических исследований. От первых
экспериментов ученые перешли к систематическому исследованию
космоса.
В последнее время раздаются призывы
сократить расходы на программы космических исследований. Я
думаю, было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это.
Существует прямая зависимость между
развитием программ космических исследований и различных земных
технологий. Чем лучше программы, тем более развиты технологии. Questions:
1. What did
mankind always dream about?
2. When did this dream become reality?
3. When was the spaceship «Vostok» launched?
4. Was Yuri Gagarin the first man to overcome gravitation and
orbit the Earth?
5. As what day did the 12th of April go down in history?
6. What has there been in the course of space exploration?
7. What did this period see?
8. Enumerate the stages of manned space flight programmes.
9. What opened up a new period of space exploration?
10. What calls have there been recently?
11.Woulditbe a serious mistake to allow to reduce expenditure on
space exploration?
12. What kind of link is there between the development of space
research programmes and different earth technologies?
Vocabulary:
on board — на борту
mankind — человечество
era — эра
in the course of — в ходе
world science and technology — мировая наука и техника
numerous — многочисленный
to enumerate — перечислять
flight — полет
was the first— to make — был первый, кто совершил
cosmonaut — космонавт
to land — приземляться
it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen — было бы
серьезной ошибкой допустить это
earth technologies — земные технологии
the former — первый (из двух)
tha latter — последний (из двух)
the higher… the more developed — чем выше… тем более развиты
The people always dreamed about space travelling and flying to different stars. In the 20th century this dream came true. The first satellite «Sputnik-1» was launched on the 4th of October 1957. It was the unmanned spacecraft. The first leaving creature entered the space on the 3th of November 1957. It was the dog Laika on board of «Sputnik-2». The turtle from Kazakhstan was carried around the Luna on the 21st of September 1968.
Люди всегда мечтали о путешествиях в космосе и полетах к различным звездам. В двадцатом столетии эта мечта сбылась. Первый спутник «Спутник-1» был запущен четвертого октября 1957 года. Это был беспилотный космический аппарат. Первое живое существо отправилось в космос третьего ноября 1957 года. Это была собака Лайка на борту «Спутника-2». Черепаха из Казахстана облетела Луну двадцать первого сентября 1968 года.
The Russian spacecraft «Vostok-1» started with Juri Gagarin on board from the cosmodrome Baikonur on the 12th of April 1961. This spaceship carried the first Russian cosmonaut around the Earth. Gagarin was the first human in the history of mankind who had a possibility to look at our planet from space and to experience the weightless environment. He stayed on the low earth orbit for 108 minutes.
Русский космический корабль «Восток-1» стартовал с Юрием Гагариным на борту двенадцатого апреля 1961 года. Этот космический корабль облетел с первым русским космонавтом вокруг Земли. Гагарин был первым человеком в истории человечества, кто получил возможность взглянуть на нашу планету из космоса и испытать на себе условия невесомости. Он оставался на околоземной орбите в течение ста восьми минут.
Than the people began to explore the outer space. Many spaceships were launched with spacemen from different countries on board. Tereshkova was the first woman launched into space. Leonov was the first cosmonaut who worked in the outer space. Titov was the youngest cosmonaut: he was 25 years old at the time of his first flight. The first docking of two Soviet spaceships happened on the 16th of January 1969. And the international docking of the Soviet spaceship «Soyuz-19» and the American spacecraft «Apollo» took place on the 17th of July 1975. Today the space exploration is often based on international peaceful cooperation.
Затем люди начали осваивать открытый космос. Много космических кораблей было запущено с космонавтами из различных стран на борту. Терешкова была первой женщиной, запущенной в космос. Леонов был первым космонавтом, который работал в открытом космосе. Титов был самым молодым космонавтом: ему было двадцать пять лет во время его первого полета. Первая стыковка двух советских космических кораблей произошла шестнадцатого января 1969 года. А международная стыковка советского космического корабля «Союз-19» и американского космического корабля «Аполлон» состоялась семнадцатого июля 1975 года. Сегодня освоение космоса зачастую базируется на мирной международной кооперации.
The Essay on Is Space Exploration A Waste Of Money?
… many countries working peacefully together toward a common goal in space travel. Space development and space exploration is worth the time, the money, and … of these things have its place in our world today because of Sputnik and the beginnings of space exploration. Space exploration, although firstly … to “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it.” The early writers of the …
However our universe is so big that we could never figure out what is actually going on. From the others point of view if we have to use the money for something they would strongly approve that they use it for space exploration. Let’s say the world is on its edge and we have to get off of the earth then we could take rocket ships and we could live on the moon. If we continue space exploration we could probably find a planet that has water or oxygen. The movie wall-e was a great example. The grown-ups and children had to go into space and live in a giant space ship because the world ended.
That is most likely to happen to us if the earth just becomes a dump. Space exploration uses millions of dollars so people could go to different planets and get samples and search for life on other planets. We have so far found no life in our solar system but based on other research we have found other planets that have water and that you can actually breathe on them and that have their own solar system. Exploring is good but not to do it whenever they like, they should use exploration for something good, whenever we actually have problems out there.
There is yet a lot to discover what really lies beyond our solar system is there life on others planets are we alone in this universe. We can get these questions answered if we or NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) put a little time and money. Since population on earth have been increasing intensively NASA recently have found three planets that may have the atmosphere or the right amount of chemicals to start a life. Well money was not totally wasted because of what we find every day.
Essay (220-270 words) Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century.
Since the dawn of time people have been dreaming of visiting space and discovering new stars and planets. In the middle of the last century this dream came true. And now some people think that the man’s journey to space was the biggest success of the 20th century. I agree with their opinion. Now I will try to prove my point of view.
First of all, the invention of satellite helped scientists to know more about form and structure of the Earth. Moreover nowadays we cannot imagine our life without satellites collecting information about weather, GPS, etc.
Secondly, the Yuri Gagarin’s flight proved that people can survive in space and explore it.
Thirdly, when Neil Armstrong landed on the Moon the whole world believed that he had made the greatest step for mankind.
However, some people do not think that the first flight to space is the greatest achievement of the last century. They think that the inventions of the X-ray and stem cells are much more significant for people. In their opinion, space exploration is very expensive and has no positive impact on our society.
But I cannot always agree with them. I am sure that the inventions of the X-ray and stem cells are very important, but space exploration is much more impressive. I also think that although all researches in space are very expensive they will help our world to develop and broaden its horizons.
To sum up, there are different opinions about this problem but I still think that space exploration was the greatest achievement of the last century.
Mar 31, 2018 A nice Space Exploration Essay. Some points for consideration by: ammeliette
Hey, the essay is fine, I brought some points for consideration: Please also revise your conclusion, it is only one sentence, and rather weak.
In many countries, a big proportion of expenditure is being spent (expenditure spent -the words are almost the same, better “a big proportion of expenditure is allocated/distributed to space exploration).
on exploring the space. It is argued that this expenditure should be spent on other important things rather than on space exploration. (It is argued that funds should be spent on other ….)
However, in my opinion, bearing other significant factors in mind, space program is very crucial for the whole world and should be funded due to the fact that it will help to improve the communication between countries in the world and also help in a search for an alternative life.
To begin with, one reason to fund space programs is to facilitate communication across the globe.
Because businesses and organizations expand geographically, they need a proper communication channel to function/run in an effective manner.
This has become possible after satellites have been launced into the orbit.
For instance, NASA, which is a reputed space organization has launched many satellites in the orbit, which are being used to broadcast the signals in the form of audio and video across the globe.
Moreover, the satellite television has only become possible due to space programs, and people are able to watch global events instantly from any part of the globe. Thus, it can be said that by doing the space exploration, world communication has been profoundly changed and for this reason it should be financially aided.
Furthermore, As global warming has become a serious concern for the whole world, scientists have
started a search for the alternative planets to live in. Due to this fact, more space programs are planned to be implemented, and eventually more money will be needed to support these programs.
For instance, ISRO, which is an Indian space research organization has been funded by the Indian government. As a result, they have managed to launch an own satellite with no help from other countries. In addition, there is a need to resolve the problem of global warming and this could only be possible if more space programs receive proper funding. Hence, it is important to give financial support to these programs so that the next generation can live in a better place.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that space program should be supported financially as there is need to share the efforts of the whole world to improve communication and find solutions to environmental problems.
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом.
Space Exploration
Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality.
On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship «Vostok» was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth.
The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era.
In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and Mars.
These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first «space walk» in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on tjoard went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.
The Soviet “«Lunokhod», automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.
Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen.
There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are. Исследование космоса
Человечество всегда мечтало преодолеть силу земного притяжения и побывать на других планетах. Но только в шестидесятых годах этой мечте суждено было осуществиться.
12 апреля 1961 г. космический корабль «Восток» был запущен в космос с человеком на борту. И после того как он облетел нашу планету, он благополучно возвратился на Землю.
Первым человеком, который преодолел силу земного притяжения и облетел вокруг планеты, был Юрий Гагарин. Этот день вошел в историю человечества как выдающееся достижение, открыл космическую эру.
В ходе космических исследований было сделано много открытий в мировой науке и технике. В это время были запущены многие спутники и многочисленные космические лаборатории. Среди достижений мы можем перечислить такие, как установление автоматических станций на Луне, полеты космических лабораторий на Венеру и Марс.
Это годы полетов на космических кораблях с человеком на борту Валентина Терешкова была первой женщиной-космонавтом» побывавшей в космосе. А. А. Леонов совершил первый выход в открытый космос в 1965 г., первая советская экспериментальная станция с четырьмя космонавтами на борту вышла на земную орбиту, на Луне приземлилась первая американская экспедиция.
Советский «Луноход», автоматические орбитальные станции «Союз» и другие космические лаборатории открыли новый период космических исследований. От первых экспериментов ученые перешли к систематическому исследованию космоса.
В последнее время раздаются призывы сократить расходы на программы космических исследований. Я думаю, было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это.
Существует прямая зависимость между развитием программ космических исследований и различных земных технологий. Чем лучше программы, тем более развиты технологии.
Exploration of outer space in the 20th century has produced discoveries and inventions that will forever change the way people live, learn and interact. The dream of space travel is as old as history but in the 20th century the dream became reality with astonishing swiftness. As you recall, the first aeroplane flight occurred in 1903 and in 1926 the first liquid-fuelled rocket was launched that travelled 200 feet.
After World War II, the superpower opposition between the USA and the Soviet Union stimulated rocket research and development. Both nations realized that large rockets can be used to attack an enemy from thousands of miles away and that satellites put into orbit around the Earth by rockets could transmit messages.
The Soviet launch of sputnik, the first man-made object to overcome gravity, began the space age. The Soviet Union soon achieved many other firsts. In 1961, the Soviet Union put the first man, Yuri Gagarin, into space. The first long space flights, a woman in space and space walk were all Soviet achievements. The Soviet Union still retains its leadership in the peaceful application of space exploration. In its Salyut 6, it investigated such vital matters as the causes of cancer, since cells are studied in gravity-free space. The construction of metals that can resist gravity has resulted in tools of incredible hardness; improved seeds have been developed in Salyut.
In the early 1960s the United States organized the Apollo space program. This research program concentrated on landing a man on the moon. Two Americans, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrim, walked on the lunar surface in July 1961.
Since the first moon landing, many nations have developed programs of space exploration. A network of communication satellites made world-wide television and telephone service possible. Space shuttles allowed regular trips between Earth and space. Scientific satellites were put in the Earth’s orbit. Voyages to Venus were made by the Soviet spaceships, voyages to Mars, Jupiter and Saturn – by the American spaceships.
This scientific progress has since resulted in hundreds of benefits for mankind, from the weather satellites whose information we see in our daily newspapers and on TV, to determining from outer space where fish is, where natural resources are hidden in the earth and in discovering areas which are becoming deserts. Topical Vocabulary
On April 12 every year the Russian people celebrate Cosmonautics Day in commemoration of the first space flight in the world which was made by Russian citizen. Here are three main dates in the history of space exploration.
October 4 in 1957 the Soviet Union sends the first sputnik in the world into space.
April 12 in 1961 the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin goes into space and makes one orbit round the Earth in his spaceship Vostok-1.
July 21 in 1969 the American astronauts Armstrong and Alidrin land on the Moon.
Since Yuri Gagarin’s flight, Russian space science and engineering have come a long way. According to space experts in the US and Europe Russian takes the lead in almost all space exploration. Russian has launched more than 2300 space vehicles designed to perform a variety of functions. Unmanned satellites have been of great significance in the exploration and peaceful use of outer space. They help us learn more about the relations between processes occurring on the sun and near the earth and study the structure of the upper atmosphere. These satellites are provided with scientific equipment for space navigation of civil aviation and ship, as well as exploration of the World Ocean, the earth’s surface and it’s natural resources.
Russia is known to carry out many orbital manned flights involving over 80 cosmonauts, many of them having flown several times. It is well known that Russian cosmonauts hold the record for the longest time in space (L. Kizim has worked 375 days) and for continuous stay in space (V. Titov and M. Manarov – 365 days). When the 170 million horse power carrier-rocket called “Energia” was successfully tasted in 1987, Russian has gone far ahead of the United States in the space competition. Russian experts believe “Energia” to be able to take explorers to the Moon or bring back to the Earth satellites that went out of operation.
Перевод
12 апреля каждого года русский народ празднует День космонавтики в ознаменование первого космического полета в мире, который был сделан гражданином России. Вот три основные даты в истории освоения космического пространства.
4 октября 1957 г. Советский Союз посылает первый в мире спутник в космос.
12 апреля 1961 году русский космонавт Юрий Гагарин летит в космос и делает один виток вокруг Земли на космическом корабле “Восток-1”.
21 июля 1969 году американские астронавты Армстронг и Алидрин приземлились на Луне.
После полета Юрия Гагарина, русская космическая наука и техника прошли долгий путь. Согласно космическим экспертам в США и Европе, россияне лидируют практически во всех космических исследованиях. Русские запустили более 2300 космических аппаратов, предназначенные для выполнения различных функций. Беспилотные спутники имели большое значение в исследовании и мирном использовании космического пространства. Они помогают нам узнать больше об отношениях между процессами, происходящими на Солнце и в околоземном пространстве и изучить структуру верхней атмосферы. Эти спутники оснащены научной аппаратуры для космической навигации гражданской авиации и суден, а также для исследования Мирового океана, земной поверхности и ее природных ресурсов.
Россия известна выполнением многих орбитальных пилотируемых полетов с участием более 80 космонавтов, многие из них летали несколько раз. Хорошо известно, что русским космонавтам принадлежит рекорд самого длительного пребывания в космосе (Л. Кизим работал 375 дней) и самого продолжительного пребывания в космосе (В. Титов и М. Maнаров – 365 дней). Когда была успешно испробована в 1987 году ракета-носитель “Энергия”, имеющая 170 миллионов лошадиных сил, россияне ушли далеко вперед от Соединенных Штатов в космической конкуренции. Русские эксперты считают, что “Энергия” имеет возможность проводить исследования на Луне или возвращать на Землю спутники, которые вышли из строя.
During the 1990’s new technology and space crafts were introduced. There have been numerous space launches throughout this decade that made great impacts on the exploration of space. For example, “On June 26, 1995, the Space Shuttle Atlantis embarked on a rendezvous with Russian space station Mir during a ten day mission on STS-71” (Shipman 65). Cosmonauts were transferred to and from Atlantis, and Astronaut Norman Thagard was returned from Mir, having arrived on Soyuz-TM 21, and made a new American space endurance record of 115 days. This was huge for the astronomical community because of the increase in the length of space voyages. Also, “On December 7, 1995, the Galileo spacecraft arrived at Jupiter, performing an orbit while dropping a probe into the atmosphere, and put a satellite into orbit, which will spent the next two years orbiting the planet” (Shipman 72). This was important because it spent a significant amount of time researching the atmosphere and celestial bodies. It was able to make numerous observations during this time. Lastly, “NASA launched the first in the Discovery series of spacecraft, the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft, aboard a Delta II-7925-8 rocket on February 17, 1996” (Shipman 85). This rocket explored the asteroids nearest the earth and discovered many interesting facts regarding them. However, this couldn’t all be accomplished without the help of many talented people.
Many astronauts contributed to space exploration. Since there are numerous people that offered their talents to the program, it would be arduous to mention them all. Thus, only four important examples will be given of people that work for the space program. The first is James P. Bagian. James is a member of the Aerospace Medicine Association, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Society of NASA Flight Surgeons. He worked as a flight surgeon and medical officer at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, a NASA astronaut, and an Astronaut Office Coordinator. Under this title, he planned emergency medical and rescue support for the first six shuttle flights. He has spent a total of 337 hours in space and served on the Crew of STS-40 Spacelab Life Sciences, which is the first dedicated life sciences mission. (Jasani 113). Another famous astronaut is Tamara E. Jenigan. She participated in the American Astronomical Association. Even though her experience isn’t as vast as James, she still contributed in her own way. She served as a research scientist in the Theoretical Studies Branch and performed software verification and spacecraft communication. She was the Deputy Chief of Astronaut Office and Assistant for the Station to the Chief of the Astronaut Office. She also embarked on many space flights on the Space Shuttle Colombia and the S.S. Endeavour. (Jasani 234). Phillippe Perin, another NASA astronaut of the 1990’s, did many exciting things as well. He participated in 26 combat missions, and completed more than 2500 flying hours in space. He had technical duties in the Astronaut Office Spacecraft Systems/Operations Branch. And, on top of all of this, he was a mission specialist. (Jasani 265). The last astronaut mentioned is Jeffrey N. Williams. He participated in many organization, however his most recognized is the Society of Experimental Test Pilots. He also partook in many army assignments including being an aeroscout platoon leader. He was involved in the shuttle launch and landing operations and was an engineer pilot in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Lab. Also, he was named the Chief of the Operations Development Office. This led to his involvement in the technical duties in the Astronaut Office Spacecraft System/Operations Branch. And, it was these people that came up with ideas for the future. (Jasani 288).
At all times people looked at the stars and wondered if there is extraterrestrial life. With the development of science, people had an opportunity to explore space and discover new worlds. Do we need to know the space or should we think about the problems on Earth first and foremost? In my opinion, people should consider studying of the universe seriously.
Firstly, people should understand that space exploration is what makes our lives worthwhile. For some people it is the opportunity to get new knowledge, for others it is a chance to increase commerce. Achievement of new heights often creates new solutions and new opportunities. People need to explore space, because by not doing so, we deny our creative and curious nature.
Furthermore, our planet has limited resources. Space exploration is a necessity to humanity. Staying on Earth will lead to extinction. Some of the reasons are: lack of natural resources, comets, nuclear war and worldwide epidemic. In addition to this, understanding other planets also helps us to understand our planet and allows us to adapt to changes that occur naturally or that we create.
On the other hand, there are many simple things that are not less important than space exploration. Some of them are water pollution, starvation and sanitation in the developing world. Besides, galaxies researches need a lot of money to be spend.
Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I strongly believe it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen. There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter will be.
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Space Exploration (2)
Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality.
On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship «Vostok» was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth.
The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era.
In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and Mars.
These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first «space walk» in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on tjoard went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.
The Soviet “«Lunokhod», automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.
Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen.
There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.
Исследование космоса (2)
Человечество всегда мечтало преодолеть силу земного притяжения и побывать на других планетах. Но только в шестидесятых годах этой мечте суждено было осуществиться.
12 апреля 1961 г. космический корабль «Восток» был запущен в космос с человеком на борту. И после того как он облетел нашу планету, он благополучно возвратился на Землю.
Первым человеком, который преодолел силу земного притяжения и облетел вокруг планеты, был Юрий Гагарин. Этот день вошел в историю человечества как выдающееся достижение, открыл космическую эру.
В ходе космических исследований было сделано много открытий в мировой науке и технике. В это время были запущены многие спутники и многочисленные космические лаборатории. Среди достижений мы можем перечислить такие, как установление автоматических станций на Луне, полеты космических лабораторий на Венеру и Марс.
Это годы полетов на космических кораблях с человеком на борту Валентина Терешкова была первой женщиной-космонавтом» побывавшей в космосе. А. А. Леонов совершил первый выход в открытый космос в 1965 г., первая советская экспериментальная станция с четырьмя космонавтами на борту вышла на земную орбиту, на Луне приземлилась первая американская экспедиция.
Советский «Луноход», автоматические орбитальные станции «Союз» и другие космические лаборатории открыли новый период космических исследований. От первых экспериментов ученые перешли к систематическому исследованию космоса.
В последнее время раздаются призывы сократить расходы на программы космических исследований. Я думаю, было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это.
Существует прямая зависимость между развитием программ космических исследований и различных земных технологий. Чем лучше программы, тем более развиты технологии.
Questions:
1. What did mankind always dream about?
2. When did this dream become reality?
3. When was the spaceship «Vostok» launched?
4. Was Yuri Gagarin the first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth?
5. As what day did the 12th of April go down in history?
6. What has there been in the course of space exploration?
7. What did this period see?
8. Enumerate the stages of manned space flight programmes.
9. What opened up a new period of space exploration?
10. What calls have there been recently?
11.Woulditbe a serious mistake to allow to reduce expenditure on space exploration?
12. What kind of link is there between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies?
Vocabulary:
on board — на борту
mankind — человечество
era — эра
in the course of — в ходе
world science and technology — мировая наука и техника
numerous — многочисленный
to enumerate — перечислять
flight — полет
was the first— to make — был первый, кто совершил
cosmonaut — космонавт
to land — приземляться
it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen — было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это
earth technologies — земные технологии
the former — первый (из двух)
tha latter — последний (из двух)
the higher… the more developed — чем выше… тем более развиты
Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality.
On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship “Vostok” was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth. The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era. In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards the Venus and Mars.
These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first female cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first “space walk” in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on board went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.The Soviet “Lunokhod”, automatic orbital stations “Soyuz” and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.
Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen. There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.
It is said that many countries spend lots of money on space exploration. Some people think that it is a right way; others believe that there is a better way to use the money.
In my opinion, it is very important to discover space. To begin with, space exploration helps us to prevent cosmic catastrophes, like asteroid falling. Modern scientific and technical equipment can detect and destroy asteroids before they reach the Earth and make any harm.
Secondly, there is an electricity problem on our planet. We have to discover new and new sources of electricity. It is a nice idea, to my mind, to try to find them in space.
On the other hand, there are those who think that the money which is spent on space exploration should be used to solve some Global problems. They believe that it is more important to settle such problems as malnutrition, the overflow of population and environment pollution instead of discovering space.
I disagree with them. I think that these problems should be solved separately from space exploration, because they are very different but so significant.
In conclusion I am strongly convinced that people should continue space exploration, because it is very important for our future.
На английском языке. Space Exploration
For me and for many people space is something mysterious. There are a lot of scientists exploring it and trying to understand what is happening there.
On the 12th of April 1961 the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space. When he made the first space trip he was 27 years old. He spent 89 minutes in space, went around the Earth. The speed of a spaceship was over 17 thousand miles per hour. After this historic event Gagarin became a worldwide hero. After Gagarin’s space voyage it seemed like every child wanted to become a cosmonaut.
Some people think that Space Exploration is a waste of time and money. They say that money spent on space research could be given to poor people. I think we should help them and solve this global problem, but not by reducing money for development.
I think that people should visit other planets and make researches in space. I believe exploring of space helps people find some new things such as new minerals or substances. It is also a way to predict what will happen to us in the future or prevent some catastrophes.
Перевод на русский язык. Освоение космоса
Для меня и для многих людей космос – это что-то таинственное. Многие ученые исследуют его и пытаются понять, что же там просходит.
12 апреля 1961 года советский космонавт Юрий Гагарин стал первым человеком, совершившим полет в космос. Когда он отправился в космос, ему было 27 лет. Он провел там 89 минут, облетел вокруг Земли. Скорость корабля составляла более 17 тысяч миль в час. После этого исторического события, Гагарин стал всемирным героем. После его путешествия в космос, казалось, каждый ребенок хотел стать космонавтом.
Некоторые люди считают, что освоение космоса – это трата денег и времени. Они говорят, что деньги, потраченные на исследование космоса, можно было бы отдать бедным. Я думаю, мы должны помогать им и решать эту глобальную проблему, но не уменьшая количество денег, потраченное на развитие.
Я считаю, что люди должны посещать другие планеты и исследовать космос. Я полагаю, что исследование космоса может помочь людям найти новые вещи, такие как новые минералы или вещества. Это также способ предсказать, что случится с нами в будущем и предотвратить некоторые катастрофы.
The importance of continuation of space exploration.
At the time the man landed the moon in 1969 many people thought that by the beginning of the 21 century space missions would become a routine. It is a pity but this time has not arrived yet. In fact people doubt if we really need space travels. Nevertheless, space exploration gives us precious information for medicine, mining operations and safety. Progress in studying space also inspires people greatly.
There are some reasons why space exploration is very important for humankind.
Firstly, it is a defence from a possible colliding with an asteroid. If we don’t want to end up like dinosaurs it is necessary to protect themselves from collision with a big asteroid. As a rule, the Earth is threatened to hit a rocky or iron celestial body once every ten years. Collision can cause dust storm, destroy forests and fields and spread starvation for those who will survive. Special space programs aim to detect a dangerous object before it approaches the Earth and to upset its motion path.
Secondly, there is a great opportunity to discover something new. A great number of modern gadgets were firstly discovered for space programs and later were used for «Earth» needs. For example, one great invention is ninitol, flexible but resilient alloy which was developed for satellites. Nowadays it is used for dental braces.
Thirdly, space exploration leads to appearing new medical innovations. For instance, cancer treatment or equipment for US (ultrasonic scanning). Some pharmaceutical medicine, which was developed for astronauts, is used for osteoporosis treatment nowadays.
Moreover, there is a great deal of gold, silver platinum and other valuable substances in space. Some foreign countries are thinking about mining operations on asteroids. As a consequence, in the future we can become space miners. In addition to this, the moon is a great source of helium, europium and tantalium which can be in high demand for use in production of solar panels and modern equipment.
One more point is that exploring space we can find the answer to the most important question. A lot of people believe that life exists somewhere else in space. However, we do not have any evidence if distant civilizations. That is why scientists are eager for the development of more observatories to explore space. For example, the James Webb Space Telescope. This satellite is expected to be launched in 2018 and it will have the ability to search signs of life on distant planets.
Another point of view is that people will have to colonise space to survive. We are running out of fresh territory on Earth, so the only way is to find somewhere new to go.
The last but not the least is that space exploration can unite people and nations. According to the latest events, political situation in the world is very complicated. Working on the international space station can help avoid international conflict between countries. It also could forge strong diplomatic ties between nations.
All things considered, space exploration is a very important and urgent problem nowadays. I think people mustn’t stop it as it has many benefits and gives opportunity for the whole mankind to develop.
Essay Sample 01
Клековкина Е., Манн
М., Тейлор-Ноулз С.
Comment on the following statement:
Some people think that we should explore space and visit other planets. Other people say that space exploration is a waste of time and money.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an introduction (state the problem)
— express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
— express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
— explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
— make a conclusion restating your position
The question of exploring space has been discussed from the very beginning of space exploration. Some people say that it is our future, whereas others are quite skeptical.
I think that we should definitely explore space and spend as much money as required. First of all, our planet cannot exist forever. One day it will end and humans will have to move somewhere to continue living. Second, underground resources are finite and they will eventually end. It would be nice to have a possibility to import raw materials from other planets. It is also very interesting to meet other civilizations, if they exist.
At the same time, there are people who think that exploring space is a big waste of time and money. Every space shot costs us a lot of money. It is better to do something on earth that can be useful here and now.
In my opinion, it is not really a good forward-looking policy. It is better to be prepared for possible troubles that can come faster than we think. Global Warming can submerge the entire planet or a comet can hit the earth. I think people should be ready for any possible danger.
In conclusion, I would like to say it is difficult to keep doing space exploration when our national economic situation is not that good. Nevertheless, we should keep investing into space exploration because I strongly believe that one day it will bring the desired results. Thus, I support the idea that space exploration is worth doing.
or
In conclusion, I would like to say there are opposing views on this issue. At first sight space exploration is a big waste of time and money but in actual fact it can bring a lot of benefit to people. Thus, I strongly believe that exploring space is worth doing.
Read by George William Dole
Space Exploration (2)
Mankind always
dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets.
But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become
reality.
On the 12th of
April 1961 the spaceship «Vostok» was launched into space with a
man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned
to the Earth.
The first man to
overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This
day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding
achievement, opening the space era.
In the course of
space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world
science and technology. This period saw the launching of many
earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the
achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations
on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and
Mars.
These are the
years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova
was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A.
Leonov achieved the first «space walk» in 1965, the first Soviet
experimental station with four cosmonauts on tjoard went into
orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.
The Soviet “«Lunokhod»,
automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories
opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first
experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of
space.
Recently there
have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research
programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this
to happen.
There is a direct
link between the development of space research programmes and
different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more
developed the latter are.
Исследование космоса (2)
Человечество всегда мечтало
преодолеть силу земного притяжения и побывать на других
планетах. Но только в шестидесятых годах этой мечте суждено было
осуществиться.
12 апреля 1961 г. космический
корабль «Восток» был запущен в космос с человеком на борту. И
после того как он облетел нашу планету, он благополучно
возвратился на Землю.
Первым человеком, который преодолел
силу земного притяжения и облетел вокруг планеты, был Юрий
Гагарин. Этот день вошел в историю человечества как выдающееся
достижение, открыл космическую эру.
В ходе космических исследований было
сделано много открытий в мировой науке и технике. В это время
были запущены многие спутники и многочисленные космические
лаборатории. Среди достижений мы можем перечислить такие, как
установление автоматических станций на Луне, полеты космических
лабораторий на Венеру и Марс.
Это годы полетов на космических
кораблях с человеком на борту Валентина Терешкова была первой
женщиной-космонавтом» побывавшей в космосе. А. А. Леонов
совершил первый выход в открытый космос в 1965 г., первая
советская экспериментальная станция с четырьмя космонавтами на
борту вышла на земную орбиту, на Луне приземлилась первая
американская экспедиция.
Советский «Луноход», автоматические
орбитальные станции «Союз» и другие космические лаборатории
открыли новый период космических исследований. От первых
экспериментов ученые перешли к систематическому исследованию
космоса.
В последнее время раздаются призывы
сократить расходы на программы космических исследований. Я
думаю, было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это.
Существует прямая зависимость между
развитием программ космических исследований и различных земных
технологий. Чем лучше программы, тем более развиты технологии.
Questions:
1. What did
mankind always dream about?
2. When did this dream become reality?
3. When was the spaceship «Vostok» launched?
4. Was Yuri Gagarin the first man to overcome gravitation and
orbit the Earth?
5. As what day did the 12th of April go down in history?
6. What has there been in the course of space exploration?
7. What did this period see?
8. Enumerate the stages of manned space flight programmes.
9. What opened up a new period of space exploration?
10. What calls have there been recently?
11.Woulditbe a serious mistake to allow to reduce expenditure on
space exploration?
12. What kind of link is there between the development of space
research programmes and different earth technologies?
Vocabulary:
on board — на борту
mankind — человечество
era — эра
in the course of — в ходе
world science and technology — мировая наука и техника
numerous — многочисленный
to enumerate — перечислять
flight — полет
was the first— to make — был первый, кто совершил
cosmonaut — космонавт
to land — приземляться
it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen — было бы
серьезной ошибкой допустить это
earth technologies — земные технологии
the former — первый (из двух)
tha latter — последний (из двух)
the higher… the more developed — чем выше… тем более развиты
The people always dreamed about space travelling and flying to different stars. In the 20th century this dream came true. The first satellite «Sputnik-1» was launched on the 4th of October 1957. It was the unmanned spacecraft. The first leaving creature entered the space on the 3th of November 1957. It was the dog Laika on board of «Sputnik-2». The turtle from Kazakhstan was carried around the Luna on the 21st of September 1968.
Люди всегда мечтали о путешествиях в космосе и полетах к различным звездам. В двадцатом столетии эта мечта сбылась. Первый спутник «Спутник-1» был запущен четвертого октября 1957 года. Это был беспилотный космический аппарат. Первое живое существо отправилось в космос третьего ноября 1957 года. Это была собака Лайка на борту «Спутника-2». Черепаха из Казахстана облетела Луну двадцать первого сентября 1968 года.
The Russian spacecraft «Vostok-1» started with Juri Gagarin on board from the cosmodrome Baikonur on the 12th of April 1961. This spaceship carried the first Russian cosmonaut around the Earth. Gagarin was the first human in the history of mankind who had a possibility to look at our planet from space and to experience the weightless environment. He stayed on the low earth orbit for 108 minutes.
Русский космический корабль «Восток-1» стартовал с Юрием Гагариным на борту двенадцатого апреля 1961 года. Этот космический корабль облетел с первым русским космонавтом вокруг Земли. Гагарин был первым человеком в истории человечества, кто получил возможность взглянуть на нашу планету из космоса и испытать на себе условия невесомости. Он оставался на околоземной орбите в течение ста восьми минут.
Than the people began to explore the outer space. Many spaceships were launched with spacemen from different countries on board. Tereshkova was the first woman launched into space. Leonov was the first cosmonaut who worked in the outer space. Titov was the youngest cosmonaut: he was 25 years old at the time of his first flight. The first docking of two Soviet spaceships happened on the 16th of January 1969. And the international docking of the Soviet spaceship «Soyuz-19» and the American spacecraft «Apollo» took place on the 17th of July 1975. Today the space exploration is often based on international peaceful cooperation.
Затем люди начали осваивать открытый космос. Много космических кораблей было запущено с космонавтами из различных стран на борту. Терешкова была первой женщиной, запущенной в космос. Леонов был первым космонавтом, который работал в открытом космосе. Титов был самым молодым космонавтом: ему было двадцать пять лет во время его первого полета. Первая стыковка двух советских космических кораблей произошла шестнадцатого января 1969 года. А международная стыковка советского космического корабля «Союз-19» и американского космического корабля «Аполлон» состоялась семнадцатого июля 1975 года. Сегодня освоение космоса зачастую базируется на мирной международной кооперации.
The Essay on Is Space Exploration A Waste Of Money?
… many countries working peacefully together toward a common goal in space travel. Space development and space exploration is worth the time, the money, and … of these things have its place in our world today because of Sputnik and the beginnings of space exploration. Space exploration, although firstly … to “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it.” The early writers of the …
However our universe is so big that we could never figure out what is actually going on. From the others point of view if we have to use the money for something they would strongly approve that they use it for space exploration. Let’s say the world is on its edge and we have to get off of the earth then we could take rocket ships and we could live on the moon. If we continue space exploration we could probably find a planet that has water or oxygen. The movie wall-e was a great example. The grown-ups and children had to go into space and live in a giant space ship because the world ended.
That is most likely to happen to us if the earth just becomes a dump. Space exploration uses millions of dollars so people could go to different planets and get samples and search for life on other planets. We have so far found no life in our solar system but based on other research we have found other planets that have water and that you can actually breathe on them and that have their own solar system. Exploring is good but not to do it whenever they like, they should use exploration for something good, whenever we actually have problems out there.
There is yet a lot to discover what really lies beyond our solar system is there life on others planets are we alone in this universe. We can get these questions answered if we or NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) put a little time and money. Since population on earth have been increasing intensively NASA recently have found three planets that may have the atmosphere or the right amount of chemicals to start a life. Well money was not totally wasted because of what we find every day.
Essay (220-270 words) Space exploration was the greatest achievement of the 20th century.
Since the dawn of time people have been dreaming of visiting space and discovering new stars and planets. In the middle of the last century this dream came true. And now some people think that the man’s journey to space was the biggest success of the 20th century. I agree with their opinion. Now I will try to prove my point of view.
First of all, the invention of satellite helped scientists to know more about form and structure of the Earth. Moreover nowadays we cannot imagine our life without satellites collecting information about weather, GPS, etc.
Secondly, the Yuri Gagarin’s flight proved that people can survive in space and explore it.
Thirdly, when Neil Armstrong landed on the Moon the whole world believed that he had made the greatest step for mankind.
However, some people do not think that the first flight to space is the greatest achievement of the last century. They think that the inventions of the X-ray and stem cells are much more significant for people. In their opinion, space exploration is very expensive and has no positive impact on our society.
But I cannot always agree with them. I am sure that the inventions of the X-ray and stem cells are very important, but space exploration is much more impressive. I also think that although all researches in space are very expensive they will help our world to develop and broaden its horizons.
To sum up, there are different opinions about this problem but I still think that space exploration was the greatest achievement of the last century.
Mar 31, 2018
A nice Space Exploration Essay. Some points for consideration
by: ammeliette
Hey, the essay is fine, I brought some points for consideration: Please also revise your conclusion, it is only one sentence, and rather weak.
In many countries, a big proportion of expenditure is being spent (expenditure spent -the words are almost the same, better “a big proportion of expenditure is allocated/distributed to space exploration).
on exploring the space. It is argued that this expenditure should be spent on other important things rather than on space exploration. (It is argued that funds should be spent on other ….)
However, in my opinion, bearing other significant factors in mind, space program is very crucial for the whole world and should be funded due to the fact that it will help to improve the communication between countries in the world and also help in a search for an alternative life.
To begin with, one reason to fund space programs is to facilitate communication across the globe.
Because businesses and organizations expand geographically, they need a proper communication channel to function/run in an effective manner.
This has become possible after satellites have been launced into the orbit.
For instance, NASA, which is a reputed space organization has launched many satellites in the orbit, which are being used to broadcast the signals in the form of audio and video across the globe.
Moreover, the satellite television has only become possible due to space programs, and people are able to watch global events instantly from any part of the globe. Thus, it can be said that by doing the space exploration, world communication has been profoundly changed and for this reason it should be financially aided.
Furthermore, As global warming has become a serious concern for the whole world, scientists have
started a search for the alternative planets to live in. Due to this fact, more space programs are planned to be implemented, and eventually more money will be needed to support these programs.
For instance, ISRO, which is an Indian space research organization has been funded by the Indian government. As a result, they have managed to launch an own satellite with no help from other countries. In addition, there is a need to resolve the problem of global warming and this could only be possible if more space programs receive proper funding. Hence, it is important to give financial support to these programs so that the next generation can live in a better place.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that space program should be supported financially as there is need to share the efforts of the whole world to improve communication and find solutions to environmental problems.
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом.
Space Exploration
Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality.
On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship «Vostok» was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth.
The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era.
In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and Mars.
These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first «space walk» in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on tjoard went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.
The Soviet “«Lunokhod», automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.
Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen.
There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.
Исследование космоса
Человечество всегда мечтало преодолеть силу земного притяжения и побывать на других планетах. Но только в шестидесятых годах этой мечте суждено было осуществиться.
12 апреля 1961 г. космический корабль «Восток» был запущен в космос с человеком на борту. И после того как он облетел нашу планету, он благополучно возвратился на Землю.
Первым человеком, который преодолел силу земного притяжения и облетел вокруг планеты, был Юрий Гагарин. Этот день вошел в историю человечества как выдающееся достижение, открыл космическую эру.
В ходе космических исследований было сделано много открытий в мировой науке и технике. В это время были запущены многие спутники и многочисленные космические лаборатории. Среди достижений мы можем перечислить такие, как установление автоматических станций на Луне, полеты космических лабораторий на Венеру и Марс.
Это годы полетов на космических кораблях с человеком на борту Валентина Терешкова была первой женщиной-космонавтом» побывавшей в космосе. А. А. Леонов совершил первый выход в открытый космос в 1965 г., первая советская экспериментальная станция с четырьмя космонавтами на борту вышла на земную орбиту, на Луне приземлилась первая американская экспедиция.
Советский «Луноход», автоматические орбитальные станции «Союз» и другие космические лаборатории открыли новый период космических исследований. От первых экспериментов ученые перешли к систематическому исследованию космоса.
В последнее время раздаются призывы сократить расходы на программы космических исследований. Я думаю, было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это.
Существует прямая зависимость между развитием программ космических исследований и различных земных технологий. Чем лучше программы, тем более развиты технологии.
Exploration of outer space in the 20th century has produced discoveries and inventions that will forever change the way people live, learn and interact.
The dream of space travel is as old as history but in the 20th century the dream became reality with astonishing swiftness. As you recall, the first aeroplane flight occurred in 1903 and in 1926 the first liquid-fuelled rocket was launched that travelled 200 feet.
After World War II, the superpower opposition between the USA and the Soviet Union stimulated rocket research and development. Both nations realized that large rockets can be used to attack an enemy from thousands of miles away and that satellites put into orbit around the Earth by rockets could transmit messages.
The Soviet launch of sputnik, the first man-made object to overcome gravity, began the space age. The Soviet Union soon achieved many other firsts. In 1961, the Soviet Union put the first man, Yuri Gagarin, into space. The first long space flights, a woman in space and space walk were all Soviet achievements. The Soviet Union still retains its leadership in the peaceful application of space exploration. In its Salyut 6, it investigated such vital matters as the causes of cancer, since cells are studied in gravity-free space. The construction of metals that can resist gravity has resulted in tools of incredible hardness; improved seeds have been developed in Salyut.
In the early 1960s the United States organized the Apollo space program. This research program concentrated on landing a man on the moon. Two Americans, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrim, walked on the lunar surface in July 1961.
Since the first moon landing, many nations have developed programs of space exploration. A network of communication satellites made world-wide television and telephone service possible. Space shuttles allowed regular trips between Earth and space. Scientific satellites were put in the Earth’s orbit. Voyages to Venus were made by the Soviet spaceships, voyages to Mars, Jupiter and Saturn – by the American spaceships.
This scientific progress has since resulted in hundreds of benefits for mankind, from the weather satellites whose information we see in our daily newspapers and on TV, to determining from outer space where fish is, where natural resources are hidden in the earth and in discovering areas which are becoming deserts.
Topical Vocabulary
On April 12 every year the Russian people celebrate Cosmonautics Day in commemoration of the first space flight in the world which was made by Russian citizen. Here are three main dates in the history of space exploration.
October 4 in 1957 the Soviet Union sends the first sputnik in the world into space.
April 12 in 1961 the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin goes into space and makes one orbit round the Earth in his spaceship Vostok-1.
July 21 in 1969 the American astronauts Armstrong and Alidrin land on the Moon.
Since Yuri Gagarin’s flight, Russian space science and engineering have come a long way. According to space experts in the US and Europe Russian takes the lead in almost all space exploration. Russian has launched more than 2300 space vehicles designed to perform a variety of functions. Unmanned satellites have been of great significance in the exploration and peaceful use of outer space. They help us learn more about the relations between processes occurring on the sun and near the earth and study the structure of the upper atmosphere. These satellites are provided with scientific equipment for space navigation of civil aviation and ship, as well as exploration of the World Ocean, the earth’s surface and it’s natural resources.
Russia is known to carry out many orbital manned flights involving over 80 cosmonauts, many of them having flown several times. It is well known that Russian cosmonauts hold the record for the longest time in space (L. Kizim has worked 375 days) and for continuous stay in space (V. Titov and M. Manarov – 365 days). When the 170 million horse power carrier-rocket called “Energia” was successfully tasted in 1987, Russian has gone far ahead of the United States in the space competition. Russian experts believe “Energia” to be able to take explorers to the Moon or bring back to the Earth satellites that went out of operation.
Перевод
12 апреля каждого года русский народ празднует День космонавтики в ознаменование первого космического полета в мире, который был сделан гражданином России. Вот три основные даты в истории освоения космического пространства.
4 октября 1957 г. Советский Союз посылает первый в мире спутник в космос.
12 апреля 1961 году русский космонавт Юрий Гагарин летит в космос и делает один виток вокруг Земли на космическом корабле “Восток-1”.
21 июля 1969 году американские астронавты Армстронг и Алидрин приземлились на Луне.
После полета Юрия Гагарина, русская космическая наука и техника прошли долгий путь. Согласно космическим экспертам в США и Европе, россияне лидируют практически во всех космических исследованиях. Русские запустили более 2300 космических аппаратов, предназначенные для выполнения различных функций. Беспилотные спутники имели большое значение в исследовании и мирном использовании космического пространства. Они помогают нам узнать больше об отношениях между процессами, происходящими на Солнце и в околоземном пространстве и изучить структуру верхней атмосферы. Эти спутники оснащены научной аппаратуры для космической навигации гражданской авиации и суден, а также для исследования Мирового океана, земной поверхности и ее природных ресурсов.
Россия известна выполнением многих орбитальных пилотируемых полетов с участием более 80 космонавтов, многие из них летали несколько раз. Хорошо известно, что русским космонавтам принадлежит рекорд самого длительного пребывания в космосе (Л. Кизим работал 375 дней) и самого продолжительного пребывания в космосе (В. Титов и М. Maнаров – 365 дней). Когда была успешно испробована в 1987 году ракета-носитель “Энергия”, имеющая 170 миллионов лошадиных сил, россияне ушли далеко вперед от Соединенных Штатов в космической конкуренции. Русские эксперты считают, что “Энергия” имеет возможность проводить исследования на Луне или возвращать на Землю спутники, которые вышли из строя.
During the 1990’s new technology and space crafts were introduced. There have been numerous space launches throughout this decade that made great impacts on the exploration of space. For example, “On June 26, 1995, the Space Shuttle Atlantis embarked on a rendezvous with Russian space station Mir during a ten day mission on STS-71” (Shipman 65). Cosmonauts were transferred to and from Atlantis, and Astronaut Norman Thagard was returned from Mir, having arrived on Soyuz-TM 21, and made a new American space endurance record of 115 days. This was huge for the astronomical community because of the increase in the length of space voyages. Also, “On December 7, 1995, the Galileo spacecraft arrived at Jupiter, performing an orbit while dropping a probe into the atmosphere, and put a satellite into orbit, which will spent the next two years orbiting the planet” (Shipman 72). This was important because it spent a significant amount of time researching the atmosphere and celestial bodies. It was able to make numerous observations during this time. Lastly, “NASA launched the first in the Discovery series of spacecraft, the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft, aboard a Delta II-7925-8 rocket on February 17, 1996” (Shipman 85). This rocket explored the asteroids nearest the earth and discovered many interesting facts regarding them. However, this couldn’t all be accomplished without the help of many talented people.
Many astronauts contributed to space exploration. Since there are numerous people that offered their talents to the program, it would be arduous to mention them all. Thus, only four important examples will be given of people that work for the space program. The first is James P. Bagian. James is a member of the Aerospace Medicine Association, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Society of NASA Flight Surgeons. He worked as a flight surgeon and medical officer at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, a NASA astronaut, and an Astronaut Office Coordinator. Under this title, he planned emergency medical and rescue support for the first six shuttle flights. He has spent a total of 337 hours in space and served on the Crew of STS-40 Spacelab Life Sciences, which is the first dedicated life sciences mission. (Jasani 113). Another famous astronaut is Tamara E. Jenigan. She participated in the American Astronomical Association. Even though her experience isn’t as vast as James, she still contributed in her own way. She served as a research scientist in the Theoretical Studies Branch and performed software verification and spacecraft communication. She was the Deputy Chief of Astronaut Office and Assistant for the Station to the Chief of the Astronaut Office. She also embarked on many space flights on the Space Shuttle Colombia and the S.S. Endeavour. (Jasani 234). Phillippe Perin, another NASA astronaut of the 1990’s, did many exciting things as well. He participated in 26 combat missions, and completed more than 2500 flying hours in space. He had technical duties in the Astronaut Office Spacecraft Systems/Operations Branch. And, on top of all of this, he was a mission specialist. (Jasani 265). The last astronaut mentioned is Jeffrey N. Williams. He participated in many organization, however his most recognized is the Society of Experimental Test Pilots. He also partook in many army assignments including being an aeroscout platoon leader. He was involved in the shuttle launch and landing operations and was an engineer pilot in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Lab. Also, he was named the Chief of the Operations Development Office. This led to his involvement in the technical duties in the Astronaut Office Spacecraft System/Operations Branch. And, it was these people that came up with ideas for the future. (Jasani 288).
At all times people looked at the stars and wondered if there is extraterrestrial life. With the development of science, people had an opportunity to explore space and discover new worlds. Do we need to know the space or should we think about the problems on Earth first and foremost? In my opinion, people should consider studying of the universe seriously.
Firstly, people should understand that space exploration is what makes our lives worthwhile. For some people it is the opportunity to get new knowledge, for others it is a chance to increase commerce. Achievement of new heights often creates new solutions and new opportunities. People need to explore space, because by not doing so, we deny our creative and curious nature.
Furthermore, our planet has limited resources. Space exploration is a necessity to humanity. Staying on Earth will lead to extinction. Some of the reasons are: lack of natural resources, comets, nuclear war and worldwide epidemic. In addition to this, understanding other planets also helps us to understand our planet and allows us to adapt to changes that occur naturally or that we create.
On the other hand, there are many simple things that are not less important than space exploration. Some of them are water pollution, starvation and sanitation in the developing world. Besides, galaxies researches need a lot of money to be spend.
Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I strongly believe it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen. There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter will be.
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Space Exploration (2)
Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality.
On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship «Vostok» was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth.
The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era.
In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and Mars.
These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first «space walk» in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on tjoard went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.
The Soviet “«Lunokhod», automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.
Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen.
There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.
Исследование космоса (2)
Человечество всегда мечтало преодолеть силу земного притяжения и побывать на других планетах. Но только в шестидесятых годах этой мечте суждено было осуществиться.
12 апреля 1961 г. космический корабль «Восток» был запущен в космос с человеком на борту. И после того как он облетел нашу планету, он благополучно возвратился на Землю.
Первым человеком, который преодолел силу земного притяжения и облетел вокруг планеты, был Юрий Гагарин. Этот день вошел в историю человечества как выдающееся достижение, открыл космическую эру.
В ходе космических исследований было сделано много открытий в мировой науке и технике. В это время были запущены многие спутники и многочисленные космические лаборатории. Среди достижений мы можем перечислить такие, как установление автоматических станций на Луне, полеты космических лабораторий на Венеру и Марс.
Это годы полетов на космических кораблях с человеком на борту Валентина Терешкова была первой женщиной-космонавтом» побывавшей в космосе. А. А. Леонов совершил первый выход в открытый космос в 1965 г., первая советская экспериментальная станция с четырьмя космонавтами на борту вышла на земную орбиту, на Луне приземлилась первая американская экспедиция.
Советский «Луноход», автоматические орбитальные станции «Союз» и другие космические лаборатории открыли новый период космических исследований. От первых экспериментов ученые перешли к систематическому исследованию космоса.
В последнее время раздаются призывы сократить расходы на программы космических исследований. Я думаю, было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это.
Существует прямая зависимость между развитием программ космических исследований и различных земных технологий. Чем лучше программы, тем более развиты технологии.
Questions:
1. What did mankind always dream about?
2. When did this dream become reality?
3. When was the spaceship «Vostok» launched?
4. Was Yuri Gagarin the first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth?
5. As what day did the 12th of April go down in history?
6. What has there been in the course of space exploration?
7. What did this period see?
8. Enumerate the stages of manned space flight programmes.
9. What opened up a new period of space exploration?
10. What calls have there been recently?
11.Woulditbe a serious mistake to allow to reduce expenditure on space exploration?
12. What kind of link is there between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies?
Vocabulary:
on board — на борту
mankind — человечество
era — эра
in the course of — в ходе
world science and technology — мировая наука и техника
numerous — многочисленный
to enumerate — перечислять
flight — полет
was the first— to make — был первый, кто совершил
cosmonaut — космонавт
to land — приземляться
it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen — было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это
earth technologies — земные технологии
the former — первый (из двух)
tha latter — последний (из двух)
the higher… the more developed — чем выше… тем более развиты
Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality.
On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship “Vostok” was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth. The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era. In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards the Venus and Mars.
These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first female cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first “space walk” in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on board went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.The Soviet “Lunokhod”, automatic orbital stations “Soyuz” and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.
Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen. There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.